Zirconium(IV) iodide

Zirconium(IV) iodide
Names
Other names
zirconium tetraiodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.332
Properties
ZrI4
Molar mass 598.842 g/mol
Appearance orange-yellow crystalline
hygroscopic
Density 4.914 g/cm3
Melting point 499 °C (930 °F; 772 K)
(triple point)
Boiling point 431 °C (808 °F; 704 K) (sublimes)
Structure
Monoclinic, mP30
P2/c, No. 13
Hazards
not listed
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g., phosphorus Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
0
3
2
Related compounds
Other anions
Zirconium(IV) fluoride
Zirconium(IV) chloride
Zirconium(IV) bromide
Other cations
Titanium tetraiodide
Hafnium tetraiodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Zirconium(IV) iodide is the chemical compound with the formula ZrI4. It is the most readily available iodide of zirconium. It is an orange-coloured solid that degrades in the presence of water.The compound was once prominent as an intermediate in the purification of zirconium metal.

Structure

Like most binary metal halides, it adopts a polymeric structure. As characterized by X-ray crystallography, the compound exists as a polymer consisting of octahedral Zr(IV) centers, each with a pair of terminal iodide ligands and a four doubly bridging iodide ligands. The Zr-I distances of 2.692 (terminal) and 3.030 Å[1][2]

Synthesis and reactions

This compound is volatile, subliming as intact tetrahedral ZrI4 molecules. It is prepared by the direct reaction of powdered zirconium metal and iodine.[3]

Pyrolysis of zirconium(IV) iodide gas by contact of hot wire was the first industrial process for the commercial production of pure ductile metallic zirconium. This crystal bar process was developed by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925.[4]

References

  1. B. Krebs, G. Henkel und M. Dartmann "Kristallstruktur von Zirkoniumtetrajodid ZrI4: ein neuer AB4-strukturtyp" Acta Crystallogr. 1979, volume B35, pp. 274-278. doi:10.1107/S0567740879003344
  2. Troyanov, S.I. "Crystal structure of gamma-ZrI4" Kristallografiya, 1986, volume 31, p446-449.
  3. Eberly, K. C. "Zirconium (IV) Iodide" Inorganic Syntheses McGraw-Hill: New York, 1963; Vol. 7, pages 52-54. ISBN 0-88275-165-4.
  4. van Arkel, A. E.; de Boer, J. H. (1925). "Darstellung von reinem Titanium-, Zirkonium-, Hafnium- und Thoriummetall". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 148 (1): 345–350. doi:10.1002/zaac.19251480133.


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