Zheleznovodsk Communiqué

Zheleznovodsk Communiqué
Created September 23, 1991
Signatories Boris Yeltsin, Ayaz Mutalibov, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Levon Ter-Petrosian
Purpose Peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan

The Zheleznovodsk Communiqué, also known as the Zheleznovodsk Declaration or Zheleznovodsk Accords, is the joint peace communiqué mediated by Russian President, Boris Yeltsin and Kazakh President, Nursultan Nazarbayev in Zheleznovodsk, Russia on September 23, 1991 with an intention to end the three-year-long hostilities between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, still an autonomous oblast of the Azerbaijan SSR.[1] Although consensus was reached, the treaty was never ratified.

Background

The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of Azerbaijan SSR which started in early 1988[2] had developed unmitigated and claimed lives of many civilians, interior troops and army.

Mediating mission

With consent from the authorities in Azerbaijan and Armenia, Boris Yeltsin and Nursultan Nazarbayev led a mediating mission on September 20–23 visiting Baku, Ganja, Stepanakert (Khankendi) and Yerevan. Taking the principles of territorial integrity, non-interference in internal affairs of sovereign states, observance of civil rights as the starting point, breakthrough was achieved on September 22 when Armenia renounced all its claims to Azerbaijani territory.[3] This allowed the parties to agree to a joint communique the next day, committing both sides to disarm and withdraw militias, allow return of refugees and IDPs, re-establish Soviet-era administrative order of the Nagorno-Karabakh oblast and set up delegations to find a peaceful solution to the conflict. Soviet army and internal troops would still remain in the conflict zone and the process would be supervised by Russian and Kazakh officials. The peace communiqué was discussed with participation of Y. Shaposhnikov, V.Barannikov, S. Voskanyan, M. Gezalov, V. Dzhafarov, R. Kocharian, L. Petrosian, M. Radayev and was signed by Boris Yeltsin (Russian Federation), Ayaz Mutalibov (Azerbaijan), Nursultan Nazarbayev (Kazakhstan) and Levon Ter-Petrosian (Armenia).[4]

The peace efforts came to a halt due to continuing bombardment and atrocities by Azerbaijani OMON in Stepanakert and Chapar in late September.[5]

After, Azerbaijan motivated its actions by the crash of Azerbaijani MI-8 helicopter with Russian, Kazakh observers and Azerbaijani high-ranking state officials on board when it was shot down over Karakend village of Martuni District in uninvestigated circumstances in November 20.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ " "The Transitional Justice Peace Agreements Database. Record 617". Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  2. ↑ Карабах: хронология конфликта [Karabakh: Chronology of the conflict] (in Russian). BBC News. 2005-08-29. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
  3. ↑ Bill Keller (1991-09-23). "ARMENIA YIELDING CLAIM ON ENCLAVE". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
  4. ↑ "Zheleznovodsk Declaration". September 23, 1991. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  5. ↑ Nuykin, Andrey. "Karabkhsky dnevnik". Izvestia. 1991-10-19.
  6. ↑ Eichensehr, Kristen; Reisman, W.Michael (1998). Stopping Wars and Making Peace: Studies in International Intervention. Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 54. ISBN 978-90-04-17855-7. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
History Locations Political leaders Military leaders Documents

Origins:

  • History of Artsakh

Soviet era:

Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

1 Republic of Armenia's involvement is partial
2 Unrecognized state, but a de facto functioning republic

Administrative territorial entities of the NKR:

Districts of Azerbaijan under Armenian control:

 Armenia1:

 Republic of Artsakh2:

 Azerbaijan:

Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh:

 Russia:

 Soviet Union:

 Turkey:

 Armenia:

 Republic of Artsakh:

 Azerbaijan:

 Russia:

 Soviet Union:

  • Viktor Polyanichko

 Chechen Republic of Ichkeria:

 Afghanistan:

Peace process:

International documents:


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