Zanjan, Iran

Zanjan
زنجان
زنگان

Seal
Zanjan
Coordinates: 36°40′N 48°29′E / 36.667°N 48.483°E / 36.667; 48.483Coordinates: 36°40′N 48°29′E / 36.667°N 48.483°E / 36.667; 48.483
Country  Iran
Region 3
Province Zanjan
County Zanjan
Bakhsh Central
Government
 • Mayor Habibullah Yeganeh
 • Parliament Waqfchi & Ahmadi
Elevation 1,638 m (5,374 ft)
Population (2016[1])
 • Total 433,475
 • Rank 20th in Iran
  City & County
Time zone IRST (UTC+3:30)
 • Summer (DST) IRST (UTC+4:30)
Website www.Zanjan.ir

Zanjan ( pronunciation  [2] Persian: زنجان, Azerbaijani: زنگان) is the capital of Zanjan Province in Iranian Azerbaijan. It lies 298 km (185 mi) north-west of Tehran on the main highway to Tabriz and Turkey and approximately 125 km (78 mi) from the Caspian Sea. The city is located about 20 kilometers south of the Qaflankuh Mountain Range. At the 2016 census, its population was 433,475 which is the 20th largest city in Iran. The population of Zanjan consists mostly of Iranian Azerbaijanis who speak Azerbaijani language.[3] Zanjan is 21733 square kilometers.

Zanjan is known for its beautiful handcrafts such as knives, traditional sandals, called charoogh, and malileh, a handcraft made with silver wires. Zanjani artists make many things like various decorative dishes and their special covers as well as silver jewelry. In ancient times, Zanjan was known for its stainless and sharp knives. But this tradition is gradually becoming extinct by introduction of Chinese-made knives into the market which are far cheaper, more abundant and of course less artistic . Many villagers today are traditional carpet weavers, perhaps Zanjan's most popular handcraft. Zanjan's population boasts the highest level of happiness among the people of 30 other provinces in Iran, according to a detailed survey conducted by Isna.[4]

History

Drawing by Eugène Flandin

Hamdollah Mostowfi, the Iranian traveler and historian, in his book claims that Zanjan was built by Ardashir I, the first king of the Sassanid Empire and named as "Shahin".[5] One important moment in the history of the city was in 1851 when the city became a center for the Babi uprisings, along with Neyriz and a fortress known as Shaykh Tabarsi. The forces of the central government captured the Babi fort in Zanjan after a long siege on the orders of Grand Vizier (Prime Minister of Iran) Amir Kabir and killed or expelled the Bab's followers.[6] According to Bosworth, who quotes Hamdollah Mostowfi, the inhabitants during the Ilkhanid era spoke "pure Pahlawi", a Median or northern form of Persian.[7]

Climate

Zanjan has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with hot, dry summers and cold, moist winters, often with snowfall. Precipitation is very low, and mostly falls between October and May.

Climate data for Zanjan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.0
(62.6)		 22.0
(71.6)		 25.0
(77)		 27.0
(80.6)		 32.0
(89.6)		 38.0
(100.4)		 40.0
(104)		 39.4
(102.9)		 35.0
(95)		 30.0
(86)		 23.0
(73.4)		 18.0
(64.4)		 40
(104)
Average high °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8)		 4.3
(39.7)		 10.3
(50.5)		 17.0
(62.6)		 22.8
(73)		 28.8
(83.8)		 32.2
(90)		 31.6
(88.9)		 28.1
(82.6)		 20.4
(68.7)		 12.7
(54.9)		 5.5
(41.9)		 18.0
(64.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3
(27)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 4.9
(40.8)		 11.0
(51.8)		 16.4
(61.5)		 21.7
(71.1)		 25.2
(77.4)		 24.4
(75.9)		 20.3
(68.5)		 13.5
(56.3)		 6.8
(44.2)		 0.4
(32.7)		 11.73
(53.12)
Average low °C (°F) −8.1
(17.4)		 −6.4
(20.5)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 3.7
(38.7)		 7.6
(45.7)		 11.2
(52.2)		 14.9
(58.8)		 14.2
(57.6)		 9.9
(49.8)		 5.5
(41.9)		 0.7
(33.3)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 4.0
(39.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 33.5
(1.319)		 30.0
(1.181)		 45.7
(1.799)		 56.5
(2.224)		 46.2
(1.819)		 7.3
(0.287)		 4.6
(0.181)		 3.4
(0.134)		 4.2
(0.165)		 26.0
(1.024)		 28.8
(1.134)		 29.2
(1.15)		 315.4
(12.417)
Average precipitation days 10.7 9.4 12.5 12.3 11.1 3.3 2.1 2.3 1.7 6.5 7.3 9.6 88.8
Average relative humidity (%) 72 69 61 54 49 40 38 39 38 49 59 68 53
Mean monthly sunshine hours 150.1 139.3 172.5 213.3 267.2 328.9 334.5 317.3 295.8 229.3 164.7 137.0 2,749.9
Source: NOAA (1961–1990) [8]

Zanjan bazaar

*******

•Zanjan’s bazaar started in Agha Mohammadkhan Ghajar’s era and completed in 1213 in Fathali’s era.

•Mosques and bath added in 1324.

•This bazaar has a linear form and it has 4 sections:

•Up,down,east and west.

Central mosque of zanjan

***************

•Central mosque of zanjan known as the Seyed’s mosque in 13th century AH in Ghajar’s era by one of Fathali’s sons constructed.

•This mosque was builded in the old area of city.

•It’s the biggest and most beautiful mosque and religious center of Zanjan.

Tofighi’s building

**********************************

•Tofighi’s building is related to last parts of Ghajar’s era and Pahlavi’s era.

•It’s builded on the Imam street.

•It was house of the greatest man of Zanjan that was mayor of city.

•This building has 2 floors and symmetrical form.

Match company(3 stars match company)

***************************

•Match company is related to Pahlavi’s era and located on Safa street.

•It has a beautiful head.

•It is the second company of city and constructed before the second world war by Mahmud Shalchi.

•It has an exclusive brick chimney.

Sangi carvanserai

***************************************

•Sangi carvanserai constructed in Safavi’s era and now It is a restaurant.

•It has 4 verands form and arcuate roofs.

Abhar

***********************************8

•Abhar is the one of Zanjan’s cities.

•It’s located located in southeast of Zanjan and second most popular city of province.

•It has buildings such as:

•Pir Ahmade Zahrnush’s tomb and Zeydolkabir pantheon.

Pir ahmade zahrnush’s tomb

**************************************************8

•Pir Ahmade Zahrnush’s tomb is related to 6th or 7th AH century.

•It is tomb 3 great men of Abhar.

•Nowadays it is the archeology museum of Abhar.

Zeydolkabir pantheon

*****************************************

•Zeydolkabir pantheon is in Abhar at the east of city.

•Previously sides of this building was cemetery but now they transferred to out of city.

soltaniye

*****************************************88

•Soltaniye city located in south of Zanjan.

•Soltaniye dome is located in Soltaniye and it is Iljayto’s mausoleum.

•It’s the biggest brick dome in the world.

Laundry of zanjan

********************************************

•Laundry of Zanjan is located in the old area of city.

•People washed their clothes in this building in ancient times.

•Nowadays it is the anthropology museum.

Namaki men

*************************************

•Namaki men is name of 6 mummies were founded in 1993.

•They are from Achaemenian’s era.

Industries

*******************************************

•Lead

•Zinc

•Pasteurized milk

•Chemical productions

•Weaving

•Cotton

•Food productions

•Transformator

•Electrical productions

handicrafts

****************************************

•Most famous things are knives,clodhopper, filigree and gilding.

•Another handicraft are as follows:

•Coppersmithing  ,rug weaving and carpet weaving.

Filigree

************************************

Filigree is an artistic work with thin wires of silver.

This is the one of main handicrafts of Zanjan and burujerd.

Gilding

**************************************

•Gilding is the one important art for decoration the books and calligraphies.

Colleges and universities

Zanjan is also home to several universities such as:

Sports

Zanjan is known for having one of the best indoor sport climbing walls in the middle east. It is located in Enghelab sports complex. The facility also includes standard speed climbing walls. The city's football team is Shahrdari Zanjan who play in the 2nd Division.

Famous natives

For a complete list see: Category:People from Zanjan, Iran

Sister cities

See also

References

  1. ↑ Population according to statistical center of Iran Archived July 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. in Persian
  2. ↑ Zanjan, Iran can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3088976" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  3. ↑ "Iran". google.com.
  4. ↑ "ایسنا - شادترين استانهاي ايران كدامند؟". isna.ir.
  5. ↑ "همشهريان اردشير بابكان هنوز هم چاروق مي پوشند". rugart.org. 2008-07-30. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved 2008-07-30.
  6. ↑ Abdu'l-Bahá, Edward Granville. "A Traveller's Narrative Written to Illustrate the Episode of the Báb", Published by Kalimat Press, 2004, ISBN 1-890688-37-1, ISBN 978-1-890688-37-0
  7. ↑ Bosworth, C.E.,"Zanjan", Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Ed., vol. 11:447. "... and also stated that the inhabitants spoke "pure Pahlawi", i.e. a Median or northern form of Persian"
  8. ↑ "Zanjan Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  9. 1 2 "Zanjan sister Malacca, Malaysia". Zanjan Shora. 2013-09-29. Retrieved 2015-12-12.
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