Aligarh Muslim University

Aligarh Muslim University
علیگڑه مسلم یونیورسٹی
Former names
 Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (1875 - 1919)
Motto Arabic: عَلَّمَ الاِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَم‎‎
ʻallam al-insān-a mā lam yaʻlam
Motto in English
 Taught man what he knew not (Qur'an 96:5)
Type Public
Established 1875
Endowment $18.2 million[1]
Chancellor Mufaddal Saifuddin
Vice-Chancellor Tariq Mansoor
Academic staff
 2,000
Students 30,000
Location Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
Coordinates: region:IN-UP 27°54′54″N 78°04′44″E / 27.9150085°N 78.0787925°E / 27.9150085; 78.0787925
Campus Urban
Colours               
Nickname AMU
Affiliations UGC, NAAC, AIU
Website www.amu.ac.in

Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is a public central university. It was originally established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875. The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920.[2] The main campus of AMU is located in the city of Aligarh. Spread over 467.6 hectares, AMU offers more than 300 courses in both traditional and modern branches of education. In addition to this it has its three off-campus centres at Malappuram (Kerala), Murshidabad (West Bengal) and Kishanganj (Bihar). The university comprises all castes, creeds, religions and genders, and is an Institute of National Importance provided under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution at its commencement.[3][4]

History

Bab-e-syed, the gateway to AMU

Founding

It was established as Madrasatul Uloom Musalmanan-e-Hind in 1875.[5] The college started on 24 May 1875.[6] The Anglo–Indian statesman Syed Ahmad Khan founded the predecessor of AMU, the Muhammadan Anglo Oriental College, in 1875 having already established two schools.[7] The movement of Muslim awakening associated with Syed Ahmad Khan and M.A.O. College came to be known as Aligarh Movement.[8] He considered competence in English and "Western sciences" necessary skills for maintaining Muslims' political influence, especially in Northern India. Khan's image for the college was based on his visit to Oxford and Cambridge and he wanted to establish an education system similar to the British model.[9]

A committee was formed by the name of foundation of Muslim College and asked people to fund generously. The, then, Viceroy and Governor General of India Lord Northbrook gave a donation of Rs 10000 and the Lt. Governor of the North Western Provinces contributed Rs 1000 and by March 1874 the fund for the college stood at Rs 153492 and 8 anas.[6]

In the beginning, the college was affiliated with the University of Calcutta for the matriculate examination but became an affiliate of Allahabad University in 1885. In 1877, the school was raised to college level and Lord Lytton laid the foundation stone of the college building.[6]

Transformation into university

Around 1900 efforts began to make the college its own university. The Aligarh Muslim University Act of 1920 made it a central university.[9]

HH Sir Mohammad Ali Mohammad Khan and the Aga Khan III also played a major role in realising the idea of Syed Ahmed Khan by collecting funds for building the Aligarh Muslim University[10]

In 1927, a school for the blind was established and, the following year, a medical school was attached to the university. By the end of the 1930s, the university had developed an Engineering faculty. Syed Zafarul Hasan, joined the Aligarh Muslim University in early 1900s as head of Philosophy Department, dean Faculty of Arts. He was a pro-vice chancellor before his retirement.

Victoria Gate, a prominent building at the university

Before 1939, faculty members and students supported an all-India nationalist movement. After 1939, political sentiment shifted toward support for a Muslim separatist movement. Students and faculty mobilised behind Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the university became a center of Pakistan Movement.[11][12]

Women's education

Women's education started at the university with the establishment of the Girls School on 19 October 1906. The All India Muhammadan Educational Conference had started a movement to establish girls education from 1896 onward. The school became intermediate college in 1929 and on 1930 it was made a constituent college of the university and the name was changed to Women's College. Since then it caters to the female undergraduate students of the university.[13]

In late 2014 the university's vice-chancellor Zameer Uddin Shah turned down a demand by female students of the college to be allowed to use the Maulana Azad Library, which was male-only. Shah stated that the issue was not one of discipline, but of space as if girls were allowed in the library there would be "four times more boys," putting a strain on the library's capacity.[14][15][16] Although there was a separate library for the university's Women's College, it was not as well-stocked as the Maulana Azad Library.[14] National human resource and development minister Smriti Irani decried Shah's defense as "an insult to daughters."[15]

Responding to a petition filed by a Human Rights Law Network intern, the Allahabad High Court ruled in November 2014 that the university's ban on female students from using the main library was unconstitutional, and that accommodations must be made to facilitate student use regardless of gender.[16][17] The High Court gave the university until 24 November 2014 to comply.[17]

Minority status

Aligarh Muslim University claims itself as a minority institute guaranteed under Article 29 and 30 of the Constitution of India. However, Allahabad High Court has struck down provisions of Aligarh Muslim University Act stating that AMU is not a minority institution. In April 2016, the Indian government advised the court it would not appeal the decision.[18][19]

Organisation

SS Masjid beside Strachey Hall, AMU Aligarh

The university's formal head is the Chancellor, though this is a titular figure, not involved with the day-to-day running of the university. The Chancellor is elected by the members of University Court, a body with members drawn from all walks of life. The university's chief executive is the Vice-Chancellor, appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Court. The Court is the supreme governing body of the University and exercises all the powers of the University, not otherwise provided for by the Aligarh Muslim University Act, the Statutes, the Ordinances and the Regulations of the University.[20]

On 11 April 2015, Mufaddal Saifuddin was elected Chancellor and Ibne Saeed Khan, the former Nawab of Chhatari state, Pro-Chancellor.[21] Habibur Rahman, former vice chancellor of Agra University, was elected Honorary Treasurer.[22]

On May 17, 2017, Tariq Mansoor assumed his office as 39th Vice-Chancellor of the university.[23]

Academic profile

Aligarh Muslim University is a fully residential university having 13 faculties, 7 constituent colleges (5 colleges academic programs), 15 Centres, 3 Institutes, 10 schools.[24] Recently the university opened faculty of International Studies.[25]

Rankings

University and College rankings
General – international
QS (World)[26] 801-1000
QS (BRICS)[27] 131-140
Times[28] 601-800
Times (BRICS)[29] 157
Times (Asia)[30] 151-160
General – India
NIRF[31] 18
Careers360[32] 31
Engineering – India
NIRF[33] 40
India Today[34] 17
Medical - India
India Today[35] 8
Law – India
India Today[36] 2
Careers360[37] 19

Internationally, AMU was ranked 801-1000 in the QS World University Rankings of 2018.[26] The same institute ranked it 131-140 among BRICS nations in 2016.[27] It was ranked 601-800 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings in 2016-2017,[28] 151-160 in ASIA[30] and 157 among BRICS & Emerging Economies in 2017.[29] Careers360 ranked it 31st in 'Top government university in India 2017'.[32] It was ranked 18 in India overall by the National Institutional Ranking Framework in 2017.[31]

Among engineering colleges, the Zakir Hussain College of Engineering & Technology, the engineering college of the university, was ranked 17 by India Today in 2017 [34] and 40 by the National Institutional Ranking Framework among engineering colleges in 2017.[33]

The Faculty of Law has ranked 2nd in India by India Today in 2017.[36].Careers360 ranked it 19th in 'Top government law college in India 2017'.[37]The Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, the medical school of the university, has been ranked 8th by India Today in 2017.[38]

Libraries

Maulana Azad Library (viewed from Kennedy Lawns)

The Maulana Azad Library is the library of the university. It consists of a central library and over 100 departmental and college libraries.

It houses royal decrees of Mughal emperors such as Babur, Akbar and Shahjahan are highlights of the collection.[39]

The foundation of the Library was laid in 1877 at the time of establishment of the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College by Lord Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, the then Viceroy of India and it was named after him as Lytton Library. The present seven-storied building was inaugurated by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India in 1960 and the Library was named after Abul Kalam Azad popularly known as Maulana Azad, the first Education Minister of the independent India.[39][40]

The social science cyber library was inaugurated by Pranab Mukherjee, the President of India on 27 December 2013.[41] In 2015 the Cybrary was accredited with the International Standard Organisation certification.[42]

Student life

Traditions

Sherwani is worn by male students of the university and is a traditional attire of the university. It is required to be worn during official programs.[43] The university provides sherwani at a subsidized price.[44] Sherwani is unique tradition of Aligarh Muslim University.

In early 2013, Zameer Uddin Shah stoked a controversy by insisting that male students have to wear sherwani if they wanted to meet him.[45]

Clubs and societies

Sports and cultural activities are executed by various clubs available in the campus. Notable ones include the oldest, Cricket club[46] and Horse riding club.[47]

Notable alumni

Throughout its history a sizable number of university alumni, popularly known as Aligs, have become notable in many varied fields, both academic and otherwise, ranging from Zakir Husain, 3rd President of India;[48] freedom fighter Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan; the current Vice-President of India Mohammad Hamid Ansari;[49]André Weil the French mathematician of the 20th century;[50] Anwara Taimur the first and the only woman to be the Chief Minister of Assam.[51] Sheikh Abdullah, and Mufti Mohammad Sayeed both former Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir.[52][53] Sports persons like Dhyan Chand, Lala Amarnath and Zafar Iqbal[54] are some among the many alumni of the university.

University in literature and other media

The Aligarh Muslim University is the setting for numerous works of fiction. Films set in the university include Mere Mehboob, a 1963 film directed by H. S. Rawail and starring Rajendra Kumar, Sadhana, Ashok Kumar, Nimmi, Pran, Johnny Walker and Ameeta. The 1966 film Nai Umar Ki Nai Fasal was also filmed on the campus.[55] Aligarh 2015, a film on Ramchandra Siras a gay professor from the university, has been released and received a warm response worldwide.[56]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "Aligarh Muslim University, BHU welcome budgetary allocations". The Times of India. 1 Mar 2013.
  2. ↑ "Aligarh Muslim University". Amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 1 September 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  3. ↑ http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(35).pdf
  4. ↑ http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol9p21b.htm
  5. ↑ "Aligarh" in Chambers's Encyclopædia. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 267.
  6. 1 2 3 Cementing Ethics with Modernism: An Appraisal of Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan's Writings. Gyan Publishing House. 2010-01-01. ISBN 9788121210478.
  7. ↑ Muhammad Moj (1 March 2015). The Deoband Madrassah Movement: Countercultural Trends and Tendencies. Anthem Press. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-1-78308-388-6.
  8. ↑ "Syed Ahmad Khan and Aligarh Movement". Jagranjosh.com. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  9. 1 2 "AMU History". Aligarh Muslim University. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  10. ↑ Express Tribune. "To sir with love: Aga Khan III – a tireless advocate for female education".
  11. ↑ Mushirul Hasan, "Nationalist and Separatist Trends in Aligarh, 1915–47," Indian Economic and Social History Review, (January 1985) 22#1 pp 1–33
  12. ↑ Zakir Ali Khan, an alumnus of AMU, in an Interview with The Dawn, Pakistani newspaper
  13. ↑ "Women’s College of Aligarh Muslim University | TwoCircles.net". twocircles.net. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
  14. 1 2 Eram Agha, Girls in AMU library will ‘attract’ boys: VC. The Times of India, 11 November 2014.
  15. 1 2 Irani slams AMU V-C over women in library remark. Hindustan Times, 11 November 2014.
  16. 1 2 Allow entry of girls inside library: Allahabad High Court to AMU. Deccan Chronicle, 25 November 2014.
  17. 1 2 India court library ban on women 'unconstitutional'. BBC News Online, 14 November 2014.
  18. ↑ "AMU row: Centre to withdraw UPAs appeal, push for non-minority status". indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  19. ↑ "Modi government seeks more time from SC to file application in Aligarh Muslim University case - The Economic Times". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  20. ↑ "Aligarh Muslim University || Registrar Section". Amu.ac.in. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  21. ↑ "Bohra community head is AMU Chancellor". The Hindu. 2015-04-12. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  22. ↑ http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-is-new-vc-of-amu_1577191.html
  23. ↑ Aligarh Muslim University http://www.amu.ac.in/dshowfacultydata.jsp?did=52&eid=10058907. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  24. ↑ "Aligarh Muslim University – Faculties". Amu.ac.in. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  25. ↑ PTI (2013-05-11). "Aligarh Muslim University to set up international relations study centre – The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  26. 1 2 "QS World University Rankings 2018". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  27. 1 2 "QS BRICS University Rankings 2016". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  28. 1 2 "Top 400 - The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2016-2017". The Times Higher Education. 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  29. 1 2 "Top 400 - Times Higher Education BRICS and Emerging Economies University Rankings (2017)". The Times Higher Education. 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  30. 1 2 "Top 400 - Times Higher Education Asia University Rankings (2017)". The Times Higher Education. 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  31. 1 2 "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2017 (Overall)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Human Resource Development. 2017.
  32. 1 2 "Top Universities in India 2017". Careers360. 2017.
  33. 1 2 "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2017 (Engineering)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Human Resource Development. 2017.
  34. 1 2 "India's Best Colleges 2017: Engineering". India Today. 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  35. ↑ "India's Best Colleges 2017: Medical". India Today. 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  36. 1 2 "India's Best Colleges 2017: Law". India Today. 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  37. 1 2 "Top Law Colleges in India 2017". Careers360. 2017.
  38. ↑
  39. 1 2 "AMU at 5th spot on India Today Universities Rankings 2012". Indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  40. ↑ "Aligarh Muslim University || M.A. Library". Amu.ac.in. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  41. ↑ "President of India inaugurates XXXVII Indian Social Science Congress". Batori.in. batori. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  42. ↑ "Aligarh Muslim University 'cyberary' gets ISO certification". Business Standard. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  43. ↑ "Is Lt Gen Zameeruddin Shah reviving ‘Sherwani Culture’ in AMU? | TwoCircles.net". twocircles.net. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
  44. ↑ "For AMU students, wearing sherwani no issue - Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
  45. ↑ Bhalla, Sahil. "This isn't the first time the Aligarh Muslim University VC has said something outrageous". Scroll.in. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
  46. ↑ Guha, Ramachandra (2014-10-10). A Corner of a Foreign Field: The Indian History of a British Sport (New and Updated Edition). Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 9789351186939.
  47. ↑ "Galloping to glory". The Hindu. 2011-02-26. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
  48. ↑ "Encyclopædia Britannica- Biography". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  49. ↑ "Hamid Ansari: From diplomat to Vice-President". Firstpost. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  50. ↑ Borel, Armand
  51. ↑ "Anwara Taimur – The First Lady CM of Assam". sevendiary.com. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  52. ↑
  53. ↑ "Mufti Mohammad Sayeed – A suave politician". The Indian Express. 2016-01-07. Retrieved 2016-01-07.
  54. ↑ "Some hearts still beat for hockey here". India Today. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  55. ↑ Share on Twitter (2014-03-15). "Tigmanshu Dhulia to shoot at Aligarh Muslim University? - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  56. ↑ "Aligarh review: Manoj Bajpayee touches your heart, changes perceptions". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2016-03-26.

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