Isotopes of yttrium
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Standard atomic weight (Ar) |
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Natural yttrium (39Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are 88Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days and 91Y with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except 87Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and 90Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable 89Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Twenty-six unstable isotopes have been characterized.
90Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.
List of isotopes
nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)[2][n 1] |
daughter isotope(s)[n 2] |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
excitation energy | ||||||||
76Y | 39 | 37 | 75.95845(54)# | 500# ns [>170 ns] | ||||
77Y | 39 | 38 | 76.94965(7)# | 63(17) ms | p (>99.9%) | 76Sr | 5/2+# | |
β+ (<.1%) | 77Sr | |||||||
78Y | 39 | 39 | 77.94361(43)# | 54(5) ms | β+ | 78Sr | (0+) | |
78mY | 0(500)# keV | 5.8(5) s | 5+# | |||||
79Y | 39 | 40 | 78.93735(48) | 14.8(6) s | β+ (>99.9%) | 79Sr | (5/2+)# | |
β+, p (<.1%) | 78Rb | |||||||
80Y | 39 | 41 | 79.93428(19) | 30.1(5) s | β+ | 80Sr | 4− | |
80m1Y | 228.5(1) keV | 4.8(3) s | (1−) | |||||
80m2Y | 312.6(9) keV | 4.7(3) µs | (2+) | |||||
81Y | 39 | 42 | 80.92913(7) | 70.4(10) s | β+ | 81Sr | (5/2+) | |
82Y | 39 | 43 | 81.92679(11) | 8.30(20) s | β+ | 82Sr | 1+ | |
82m1Y | 402.63(14) keV | 268(25) ns | 4− | |||||
82m2Y | 507.50(13) keV | 147(7) ns | 6+ | |||||
83Y | 39 | 44 | 82.92235(5) | 7.08(6) min | β+ | 83Sr | 9/2+ | |
83mY | 61.98(11) keV | 2.85(2) min | β+ (60%) | 83Sr | (3/2−) | |||
IT (40%) | 83Y | |||||||
84Y | 39 | 45 | 83.92039(10) | 4.6(2) s | β+ | 84Sr | 1+ | |
84mY | −80(190) keV | 39.5(8) min | β+ | 84Sr | (5−) | |||
85Y | 39 | 46 | 84.916433(20) | 2.68(5) h | β+ | 85Sr | (1/2)− | |
85m1Y | 19.8(5) keV | 4.86(13) h | β+ (99.998%) | 85Sr | 9/2+ | |||
IT (.002%) | 85Y | |||||||
85m2Y | 266.30(20) keV | 178(6) ns | 5/2− | |||||
86Y | 39 | 47 | 85.914886(15) | 14.74(2) h | β+ | 86Sr | 4− | |
86m1Y | 218.30(20) keV | 48(1) min | IT (99.31%) | 86Y | (8+) | |||
β+ (.69%) | 86Sr | |||||||
86m2Y | 302.2(5) keV | 125(6) ns | (7−) | |||||
87Y | 39 | 48 | 86.9108757(17) | 79.8(3) h | β+ | 87Sr | 1/2− | |
87mY | 380.82(7) keV | 13.37(3) h | IT (98.43%) | 87Y | 9/2+ | |||
β+ (1.56%) | 87Sr | |||||||
88Y | 39 | 49 | 87.9095011(20) | 106.616(13) d | β+ | 88Sr | 4− | |
88m1Y | 674.55(4) keV | 13.9(2) ms | IT | 88Y | (8)+ | |||
88m2Y | 392.86(9) keV | 300(3) µs | 1+ | |||||
89Y[n 3] | 39 | 50 | 88.9058483(27) | Stable | 1/2− | 1.0000 | ||
89mY | 908.97(3) keV | 15.663(5) s | IT | 89Y | 9/2+ | |||
90Y[n 3] | 39 | 51 | 89.9071519(27) | 64.053(20) h | β− | 90Zr | 2− | |
90mY | 681.67(10) keV | 3.19(6) h | IT (99.99%) | 90Y | 7+ | |||
β− (.0018%) | 90Zr | |||||||
91Y[n 3] | 39 | 52 | 90.907305(3) | 58.51(6) d | β− | 91Zr | 1/2− | |
91mY | 555.58(5) keV | 49.71(4) min | IT (98.5%) | 91Y | 9/2+ | |||
β− (1.5%) | 91Zr | |||||||
92Y | 39 | 53 | 91.908949(10) | 3.54(1) h | β− | 92Zr | 2− | |
93Y | 39 | 54 | 92.909583(11) | 10.18(8) h | β− | 93Zr | 1/2− | |
93mY | 758.719(21) keV | 820(40) ms | IT | 93Y | 7/2+ | |||
94Y | 39 | 55 | 93.911595(8) | 18.7(1) min | β− | 94Zr | 2− | |
95Y | 39 | 56 | 94.912821(8) | 10.3(1) min | β− | 95Zr | 1/2− | |
96Y | 39 | 57 | 95.915891(25) | 5.34(5) s | β− | 96Zr | 0− | |
96mY | 1140(30) keV | 9.6(2) s | β− | 96Zr | (8)+ | |||
97Y | 39 | 58 | 96.918134(13) | 3.75(3) s | β− (99.942%) | 97Zr | (1/2−) | |
β−, n (.058%) | 96Zr | |||||||
97m1Y | 667.51(23) keV | 1.17(3) s | β− (99.3%) | 97Zr | (9/2)+ | |||
IT (.7%) | 97Y | |||||||
β−, n (.08%) | 96Zr | |||||||
97m2Y | 3523.3(4) keV | 142(8) ms | (27/2−) | |||||
98Y | 39 | 59 | 97.922203(26) | 0.548(2) s | β− (99.669%) | 98Zr | (0)− | |
β−, n (.331%) | 97Zr | |||||||
98m1Y | 170.74(6) keV | 620(80) ns | (2)− | |||||
98m2Y | 410(30) keV | 2.0(2) s | β− (86.6%) | 98Zr | (5+,4−) | |||
IT (10%) | 98Y | |||||||
β−, n (3.4%) | 97Zr | |||||||
98m3Y | 496.19(15) keV | 7.6(4) µs | (2−) | |||||
98m4Y | 1181.1(4) keV | 0.83(10) µs | (8−) | |||||
99Y | 39 | 60 | 98.924636(26) | 1.470(7) s | β− (98.1%) | 99Zr | (5/2+) | |
β−, n (1.9%) | 98Zr | |||||||
99mY | 2141.65(19) keV | 8.6(8) µs | (17/2+) | |||||
100Y | 39 | 61 | 99.92776(8) | 735(7) ms | β− (98.98%) | 100Zr | 1−,2− | |
β−, n (1.02%) | 99Zr | |||||||
100mY | 200(200)# keV | 940(30) ms | β− | 100Zr | (3,4,5)(+#) | |||
101Y | 39 | 62 | 100.93031(10) | 426(20) ms | β− (98.06%) | 101Zr | (5/2+) | |
β−, n (1.94%) | 100Zr | |||||||
102Y | 39 | 63 | 101.93356(9) | 0.30(1) s | β− (95.1%) | 102Zr | ||
β−, n (4.9%) | 101Zr | |||||||
102mY | 200(200)# keV | 360(40) ms | β− (94%) | 102Zr | high | |||
β−, n (6%) | 101Zr | |||||||
103Y | 39 | 64 | 102.93673(32)# | 224(19) ms | β− (91.7%) | 103Zr | 5/2+# | |
β−, n (8.3%) | 102Zr | |||||||
104Y | 39 | 65 | 103.94105(43)# | 180(60) ms | β− | 104Zr | ||
105Y | 39 | 66 | 104.94487(54)# | 60# ms [>300 ns] | β− | 105Zr | 5/2+# | |
106Y | 39 | 67 | 105.94979(75)# | 50# ms [>300 ns] | β− | 106Zr | ||
107Y | 39 | 68 | 106.95414(54)# | 30# ms [>300 ns] | 5/2+# | |||
108Y | 39 | 69 | 107.95948(86)# | 20# ms [>300 ns] |
- ↑ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - ↑ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
- 1 2 3 Fission product
Notes
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
References
- ↑ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (Registration required (help)).
- Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. Check date values in:
|access-date=
(help) - N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- E. V. Marathe (July 1955). "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (Vol 14B ed.). The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi: 354–355.
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