Imagawa Yoshimoto

Imagawa Yoshimoto

Imagawa Yoshimoto
9th head of Suruga-Imagawa family
In office
1536–1560
Preceded by Imagawa Ujiteru
Succeeded by Imagawa Ujizane
Personal details
Born 1519
Sunpu, Suruga Province, Japan
Died June 12, 1560 (aged 41)
Okehazama, Owari Province, Japan
Nationality Japanese

Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川 義元, 1519 – June 12, 1560) was a pre-eminent daimyō (feudal lord) in the Sengoku period Japan. Based in Suruga Province,[1] he was one of the three daimyōs that dominated the Tōkaidō region. Battling against the Takeda, and Hojo clans made Yoshimoto and his soldiers experienced. Imagawa was an amazing diplomat, eventually securing key alliances with them, and after vassalizing the Matsudaira clan of the famed Tokugawa Ieyasu; Imagawa Yoshimoto was considered the strongest Daimyo in the Tokaido. Imagawa Yoshimoto enjoyed a strong position, and wanted to be Shogun, he was said to even have an obsession with shaving his eyebrows, and blacking his teeth like a Kyoto Noble. He was one of the dominant daimyōs in Japan until his death in 1560 after trying to march on the capital to become Shogun. He was killed in the village of Dengakuhazama in Okehazama by Oda Nobunaga, who would become the first unifier of Japan.

Early life and succession

Yoshimoto was born in 1519, the third son of Imagawa Ujichika[2] of the Imagawa clan-which claimed descent from Emperor Seiwa (850–880). {It was a branch of the Minamoto clan by the Ashikaga clan. As he was not the eldest son, he was ineligible to inherit the family headship directly from his father. As a result, the young boy was sent to a temple where his name was changed to Baigaku Shōhō (梅岳承芳) or Sengaku Shōhō (栴岳承芳). Unrest broke out when his older brother Ujiteru died suddenly in 1536. His elder half-brother, Genkō Etan (玄広恵探), tried to seize the heirship but the clan split into two factions. Yoshimoto's faction demanded that since Yoshimoto's mother was the consort of Ujichika, he was the rightful heir. Genkō Etan's faction demanded that since he was older, he was the rightful heir. Genkō Etan's mother was a concubine and a member of the Kushima family, but they were defeated and killed in the Hanagura Disturbance (花倉の乱, Hanagura-no-ran).[3] Baigaku Shōhō changed his name to Yoshimoto at this point and succeeded the clan.[3]

Campaigns

After Yoshimoto succeeded to family headship, he married the sister of Takeda Shingen of Kai.

This allowed him to cement an alliance with the Takeda, when he helped seize and restrain his father in 1540.[4] Soon after, Yoshimoto fought against the Hōjō of Sagami. Starting in 1542, Yoshimoto began his advance into Mikawa Province, in an effort to fight the growing influence of Oda Nobuhide in that region, being defeated in the Battle of Azukizaka (1542). In campaigns over the course of the ensuing decades, Yoshimoto wrested control of a wide area including Suruga, Totomi, and Mikawa provinces.[5]

In 1552, Shingen's son, Takeda Yoshinobu, married Yoshimoto's daughter. Yoshimoto and the Hōjō clan reached a peace agreement in 1554 with the marriage of Yoshimoto's son Ujizane to the daughter of Hōjō Ujitsuna. In 1558, Yoshimoto left the clan's political affairs in Ujizane's hands, in order to focus on dealing with the advance westward into Mikawa.

Battle of Okehazama and death

Imagawa Yoshimoto's grave at Okehazama

In the summer of 1560, after forming a three-way alliance with the Takeda and the Hōjō, Yoshimoto headed out to the capital with Tokugawa Ieyasu (then known as Matsudaira Motoyasu) of Mikawa in the vanguard.[6] Despite having a strong force of 25,000,[6] Yoshimoto deliberately announced that he had 40,000 troops. While this statement put fear in many factions, Oda Nobunaga of Owari Province saw through it. (Some historical sources support the claim of 40,000.[7])

With many victories, Yoshimoto's army was letting its guard down, celebrating with song and sake. A surprise attack by the Oda army of 3,000[8] following a downpour left Yoshimoto's army in complete disorder.[9] Two Oda samurai (Mōri Shinsuke and Hattori Koheita) ambushed the Imagawa army and killed Yoshimoto, in the village of Dengakuhazama.[4]:37–39[10]

Imagawa Ujizane succeeded to family headship after Yoshimoto's death,[11] but the Imagawa clan fell from power. Ujizane was later summoned by Tokugawa Ieyasu and became a kōke in the administration of the Tokugawa clan. Yoshimoto's niece was Lady Tsukiyama, the wife of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Yoshimoto has several graves; his body itself is buried at Daisei-ji, a temple in the city of Toyokawa in modern Aichi Prefecture.

Family

Preceded by
Imagawa Ujiteru		 9th Suruga-Imagawa family head
1536–1560 		Succeeded by
Imagawa Ujizane

He is a playable character in Pokémon Conquest (Pokémon + Nobunaga's Ambition in Japan), with his partner Pokémon being Pineco and Forretress.[12]

In the Samurai Warriors series, Yoshimoto is represented as a foolish old-fashioned nobleman. His weapon is a kemari which is inspired by his son, Ujizane's historical obsession towards kemari.

A female version of Yoshimoto appears in anime The Ambition of Oda Nobuna. In this version, instead of dying Yoshimoto is spared and later installed as a figurehead Shogun to legitimize Nobuna's claim to Kyoto.

See People of the Sengoku period in popular culture.

References

  1. ↑ Zusetsu: Nihon meijōshū. (Tokyo: Gakken, 2003), p. 55.
  2. ↑ Naramoto Michael, Nihon no kassen: Monoshiri jiten. (Tokyo: Shufu-to-seikatsusha, 1992), p. 259.
  3. 1 2 (in Japanese) "Suruga Imagawa-shi" on Harimaya.com (12 July 2008)
  4. 1 2 Turnbull, Stephen (1987). Battles of the Samurai. Arms and Armour Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 0853688265.
  5. ↑ Nihonshi yōgoshū B (Tokyo: Yamakawa shuppansha, 2000), p. 122.
  6. 1 2 Naramoto, p. 254.
  7. ↑ Frank Brinkley, A History of the Japanese People. (New York: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1915.), p. 784.
  8. ↑ Nihonshi yōgoshū B, p. 122.
  9. ↑ Naramoto, pp. 258–59.
  10. ↑ "1560: The Spring Thunderstorm," Geocities.yahoo.com
  11. ↑ Naramoto, p. 259.
  12. ↑ "Yoshimoto + Pineco – Pokemon Conquest characters". Pokemon. Retrieved 2012-06-17.
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