Yosef Navon

Yosef Navon

Yosef Navon (1858–1934) was a Jerusalem businessman and the man principally responsible for the construction of the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway. For his effort, Navon was awarded the Légion d'honneur from the French government, and the Medjidie from the Turkish government, where he was also promoted to the title of Bey.

Early life

Navon was born in Jerusalem in 1851, the son of Rabbi Eliyahu Navon. The family were members of Jerusalem's wealthy Sephardi elite.[1] His father was selected by the Ottomans to represent the Palestinian Jews at the Porte, and his mother came from the Amzallag family, also of the Sephardi elite in Palestine.[2] He was educated in a Jerusalem yeshiva and finished his education at a school in Marseille.[1]

Jaffa–Jerusalem railway

Navon focused on the railway and began to investigate the possibility of constructing it in 1885. His advantage over earlier proposers of a railway was that he was an Ottoman subject and had connection with the upper class in the empire.[1] He spent three years in Constantinople to promote the project and obtain a firman (permit) from the Ottoman Empire. On October 28, 1888, he received a 71-year concession from the Ottoman authorities that also gave him permission to extend the line to Gaza and Nablus.[3] Lacking the capital to proceed, Navon went to Europe in 1889 to find a buyer for the concession. Camille Collas, a lighthouse inspector, bought it for a million francs. On December 29, 1889, the Societe du Chemin de Fer Ottoman de Jaffa a Jerusalem et Prolongement was founded in Paris with Collas as the first director[4]

For his service of French interests in the project, Navon received the Légion d'honneur from the French government. In 1893, he was awarded the Medjidie by the Ottomans, and later received the title of Bey.[2]

Other projects

Navon joined the bank of Johannes Frutiger from Switzerland, and promoted several important projects in Ottoman Palestine. In 1878, Navon and his uncle, Haim Amzallag, helped purchase the ground for the construction of Petah Tikva, as well as Rishon LeZion several years later. They also built homes for new immigrants and the poor in Jerusalem, creating demand in the lands which the bank owned. Together with Frutiger and Shalom Konstrum, Navon helped found the neighborhood of Mahane Yehuda in 1887 with 162 houses. The neighborhood was named after Navon's brother Yehuda.[5]

By the time Navon accumulated sufficient personal wealth, he had a number of projects in mind: a new port in Palestine, electricity and water supply projects in Jerusalem, and a railway to the city.[2]

After the railway construction was completed, Navon set out to pursue some of the other projects, for which he had already acquired permits. However, the profits from the railway were not sufficient to finance these, and in 1894 Navon set out to Paris, likely to look for investors. He never returned to Jerusalem, and after a 1901 meeting with Theodore Herzl about development in Palestine, which the latter was not impressed with, Navon stopped his activity in the region. He died in France in 1934.[2]

Biographies

References

  1. 1 2 3 Anthony S. Travis (2009), On Chariots with Horses of Fire and Iron, Hebrew University Magnes Press, p. 27
  2. 1 2 3 4 Gruenwald, Curt (1976). Fridman, Menahem; Ben Zion, Yehoshua; Tuvi, Yosef, eds. Chapters in the History of the Yishuv in Jerusalem (in Hebrew). Yad Ben Zvi Publishers.
  3. ↑ Cotterell, Paul (1984). The Railways of Palestine and Israel. Abingdon, UK: Tourret Publishing, Chapter 2, pp. 3–13
  4. ↑ Kark, Ruth (1990). Jaffa: A City in Evolution, 1799–1917. Jerusalem, Israel: Yad Ben Zvi., p. 226
  5. ↑ Browns, Shmuel (2009-09-17). "Visiting the Mahane Yehuda Open Air Market". israelnationalnews.com. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
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