Northam, Western Australia

Northam
Western Australia
Northam
Coordinates 31°39′11″S 116°39′58″E / 31.65306°S 116.66611°E / -31.65306; 116.66611Coordinates: 31°39′11″S 116°39′58″E / 31.65306°S 116.66611°E / -31.65306; 116.66611
Population 6,580 (2011 census)[1]
Established 1833
Postcode(s) 6401
Elevation 170 m (558 ft)
Location 96 km (60 mi) from Perth
LGA(s) Shire of Northam
State electorate(s) Central Wheatbelt
Federal Division(s) Pearce
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
25.2 °C
77 °F		 10.9 °C
52 °F		 429.3 mm
16.9 in

Northam (/ˈnɔːrðəm/) is a town in Western Australia, situated at the confluence of the Avon and Mortlock Rivers, about 97 kilometres (60 mi) east-northeast of Perth in the Avon Valley. At the 2011 census, Northam had a population of 6,580.[1] Northam is the largest town in the Avon region. It is also the largest inland town in the state not founded on mining.

History

The area around Northam was first explored in 1830 by a party of colonists led by Ensign Robert Dale, and subsequently founded in 1833. It was named by Governor Stirling, probably after a village of the same name in Devon, England. Almost immediately it became a point of departure for explorers and settlers who were interested in the lands which lay to the east.

This initial importance declined with the growing importance of the nearby towns of York and Beverley, but the arrival of the railway made Northam the major departure point for prospectors and miners heading east towards the goldfields.

A number of older buildings have local heritage significance and still serve the community.

A severe thunderstorm lashed the town and surrounding areas on 27 January 2011 resulting in roofs being ripped off, trees being uprooted and power lines being brought down.[2] About 50 houses were damaged in the town as a result of the storm but no injuries were reported.[3]

Northam Migrant Accommodation Centre

During the 1940s and 1950s in Northam there were extensive camps for displaced persons and immigrants from continental Europe.

The Northam Migrant Accommodation Centre closed in September 1951. It had been the first place of residence in Western Australia for approximately 15,000 immigrants from the Baltic states, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, Belarus and Bulgaria.[4] During the peak immigration period, Northam had the largest immigrant receiving facilities within the State and the third largest in Australia.[5] By 1950, the camp housed 4,000 people and two new blocks of huts were built to accommodate them all.[6] By May 1954, 23,000 migrants had passed through the Northam Camp once the Accommodation Centre had closed. A significant number of these post-war arrivals eventually settled in the Northam area.

Yongah Hill Immigration Detention Centre

On 18 October 2010 the Yongah Hill (YHIDC) centre was announced as being established at the former Northam Training Camp.[7][8][9][10] It was not opened until early 2012, however, and, after it was downsized from the original 1500 expected occupancy, talk of expansion has been happening.

It is run by Serco for the Department of Immigration and Border Protection.

Climate

Northam has a Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and cool wet winters.

Climate data for Northam
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 46.2
(115.2)		 48.1
(118.6)		 43.9
(111)		 39.5
(103.1)		 35.2
(95.4)		 27.2
(81)		 25.2
(77.4)		 28.3
(82.9)		 34.6
(94.3)		 39.4
(102.9)		 44.1
(111.4)		 45.6
(114.1)		 48.1
(118.6)
Average high °C (°F) 34.2
(93.6)		 33.7
(92.7)		 30.8
(87.4)		 26.1
(79)		 21.2
(70.2)		 17.9
(64.2)		 16.9
(62.4)		 17.9
(64.2)		 20.4
(68.7)		 24.0
(75.2)		 28.5
(83.3)		 32.1
(89.8)		 25.3
(77.5)
Average low °C (°F) 17.1
(62.8)		 17.2
(63)		 15.4
(59.7)		 12.0
(53.6)		 8.4
(47.1)		 6.5
(43.7)		 5.4
(41.7)		 5.6
(42.1)		 6.8
(44.2)		 8.9
(48)		 12.4
(54.3)		 15.3
(59.5)		 10.9
(51.6)
Record low °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1)		 7.9
(46.2)		 4.9
(40.8)		 0.6
(33.1)		 −2.2
(28)		 −3.9
(25)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 2.1
(35.8)		 4.5
(40.1)		 −3.9
(25)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.4
(0.409)		 13.2
(0.52)		 18.3
(0.72)		 23.3
(0.917)		 55.5
(2.185)		 80.4
(3.165)		 82.8
(3.26)		 60.7
(2.39)		 37.0
(1.457)		 24.5
(0.965)		 12.2
(0.48)		 9.2
(0.362)		 426.9
(16.807)
Average precipitation days 1.9 2.1 3.0 5.5 10.5 14.5 15.9 13.8 10.7 7.2 4.0 2.2 91.3
Source: [11]

Government

For many years Northam consisted of the Town of Northam and Shire of Northam. After 53 years of debates and attempts, these two councils merged on 1 July 2007 to form one new council called the Shire of Northam.

Airport and roads

Northam airport, at the junction of Great Eastern Highway with Route 115, near the bridge over Mortlock River North

River

The town and hinterland of Northam are located in the Avon Valley - so named after the river the Avon River. It has been periodically flooded, and man-made banks protect the town from inundation. The Avon is a name commonly used by organisations, newspapers and sporting groups.

Burlong Pool a pool just south of the town was known as the Burlong swimming pool, and in the 1890s the location of the source of water for the Goldfields Water Trains[12]

Transport

Northam is connected to Perth via coach services N3 and N5 and rail services Prospector and Avon link provided by Transwa

Tourism

Northam has a number of tourist attractions, including hot air ballooning, wineries, cafes & restaurants, museums, hotels and motels.

Railways

Northam is a major railway junction, and serves as the commercial centre for much of the western Wheatbelt. The dual gauge Eastern Railway terminates here and becomes the standard gauge Eastern Goldfields Railway. Narrow gauge radiates both south of the town to York and beyond (Great Southern Railway), and north to Goomalling, another rural railway junction.

Current railway station

Northam railway station is served by Transwa's Prospector and Avonlink rural train services, and Great Southern Rail's Indian Pacific to Sydney.[13]

Original railway station

The original station on Fitzgerald Street was opened in 1900 and closed in 1966 when the new Eastern Railway route became operational.[14]

The layout of the pre-1966 narrow gauge railway also had a busy junction at East Northam; this was removed on the completion of the new standard gauge railway.[15]

Avon Yard

The Western Australian Government Railways originally created it as the Avon Marshalling Yard, and more recent operators in the yards such as Australian Railroad Group have named it the Avon Yard

Education

Northam has a senior high school that conducts classes from Year 7 to Year 12. It also has 3 public primary schools – Northam Primary School, West Northam Primary School and Avonvale Primary School – that conduct classes from kindergarten to Year 6.

Northam has a private Catholic school, St Josephs, which provides an alternative to public schools. St Josephs conducts classes from kindergarten to Year 11.

Sport

Northam has some very committed sporting teams. Australian rules football is an obsession with many of the people of Western Australia. Northam has two teams that play in the Avon Football Association competition, Federals and Railways.

Field and indoor hockey, cricket, and netball also attract significant numbers of players and spectators. Individual sports such as tennis and cycling including BMX are also popular.

The BMX State Championships were held in Northam in 2003 with 3,000 competitors and spectators attending the event for over a week with Northam competitors showing their dominance in the sport in the state. Three local riders who participated in this event (Dale Reynolds - then ranked 3WA for 18 Men's, Chris Marris - then ranked 1WA for 18 Men's, and Kyle Martin - then ranked 4WA for 18 Men's) have subsequently completed cross country rides from Adelaide to Perth demonstrating the interest in cycling in Northam.

Steve Fossett became the first person to fly around the world alone, non-stop, in a hot air balloon when he launched from Northam on 19 June 2002, and returned to Australia on 3 July, landing in Queensland.[16]

Between 1952 and 1956 several motor racing events were held using streets within the town.[17] The first circuit used was on the south side of the Avon River, but this was considered too dangerous, so a new circuit was built in 1956 on the north side of the river.[18]

Events in Northam

The annual Avon Descent river race starts in Northam.[19]

The Northam Flying 50's, a historical car racing event, is held each year in early April, attracting around 5,000 spectators.[20][21]

The Northam Agricultural Show is held annually on a Friday and Saturday in mid-September.[22][23]

The Kep Ultra running race is held each year on the Foundation Day long weekend in early June. The race starts in Northam and includes 100 km and 75 km events finishing at Mundaring Weir.[24][25]

Military history

During World War I, Wilberforce, an area on the Spencers Brook to York Road was the area set up for the breeding and selection of horses to be transported to overseas theatres of war involving Australian horseman in particular the iconic 10th Light Horse Regiment.[26]

Also in November 1920, an area at Noggojerrring was purchased by the Federal Government for £7,000. It was an area of 875 acres(350 hectares) of farming land and was located four miles (6.5 kilometres) north of Northam on the Northam - Pithara Road. Of that area, 860 acres (344 hectares) were cleared and divided into 11 paddocks. The property was well watered, and carried a wind mill, two dwellings, three sheds, and a stable. The Goomalling railway bisected it. The Federal Government's purpose was the settlement of tubercular soldiers. The place was christened Anzac Farm.[27]

During World War II, Northam was the location of a number of important strategic military camps, depots and installations being the most concentrated of military activity areas in Western Australia. Due to its strategic geographical location and being close to water, the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme, close to strategic railway junction,[28] as it was close to the coast but inland, Northam became an important military hub.

The installations, camps, and depots were some of those developed in the Wheatbelt during 1939-1945, located within the Shire of Northam, some of which still exist today.

Notable people

Northam is the birthplace of the following people:

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Northam (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
    Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ↑ "Wheatbelt towns lashed by thunderstorms, but cyclone warning cancelled". The Sunday Times. 28 January 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
  3. ↑ "Houses damaged in trail of destruction across WA". The West Australian. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
  4. ↑ See for example, a biographical account of a migrant at the Northam Accommodation Centre
  5. ↑ Peters, Nonja; Bush, Fiona; Gregory, Jenny (Jennifer Anne); Australian Heritage Commission; University of Western Australia. Centre for Western Australian History; Heritage Council of Western Australia (1993), The Holden Immigration Camp, Northam, Centre for Western Australian History; [East Perth, W.A. : distributed by the Heritage Council], retrieved 1 April 2013
  6. ↑ Development, Cadmium Design &. "Storylines / Migrant: Northam Accommodation Centre - Northam Army Camp Heritage Association (NACHA)". Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  7. ↑ "Australian Government Department of Immigration and Border Protection". Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  8. ↑ Proud, John (24 April 2012). "$1.4m sports grounds at detention centre". Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  9. ↑ "The West Australian". Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  10. ↑ http://www.eco-shout.org/showevent.php?id=3562
  11. ↑ "Climate statistics for Northam". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  12. ↑ "Northam.". Western Mail (Perth, WA : 1885 - 1954). Perth, WA: National Library of Australia. 17 December 1897. p. 24. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  13. ↑ Timetables Transwa
  14. ↑ Breath of life for old railway station Avon Valley Advocate 11 September 2006
  15. ↑ "H.O.W.A.R.A.S - East Northam Station". Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  16. ↑ Limited, Fubra. "Famous Balloon Flights - First Successful Solo Around the World Flight". Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  17. ↑ Walker, Terry (1995). Fast Tracks - Australia's Motor Racing Circuits: 1904-1995. Wahroonga, NSW: Turton & Armstrong. p. 112. ISBN 0908031556.
  18. ↑ Galpin, Darren. "Northam". GEL Motorsport Information Page. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  19. ↑ Australian Broadcasting Commission (1981), Australia's longest white water race, Australian Broadcasting Commission, retrieved 16 December 2016
  20. ↑ "Field For Northam 'Flying 50'". The West Australian. 68, (20,506). Western Australia. 9 April 1952. p. 24. Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. ↑ "S. Negus Wins "Flying 50" At Northam". The West Australian. 70, (21,136). Western Australia. 20 April 1954. p. 4. Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ↑ "NORTHAM AGRICULTURAL SHOW.". The Inquirer And Commercial News. LI, (16,431). Western Australia. 30 October 1891. p. 4. Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. ↑ "Northam Show Will Be Bigger, Better". The Beverley Times. 2, (54). Western Australia. 29 August 1963. p. 11 (A DISTRICT NEWS SUPPLEMENT PREPARED FOR THE BEVERLEY TIMES). Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  24. ↑ "National Trust of Australia (W.A.)". Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  25. ↑ "Home - Kep Ultra". Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  26. ↑ Hamilton, John (2013). The Triumph and Tragedy of a Gallipoli Hero, Hugo Throssell, VC. Pan Macmillan Australia. ISBN 9781742613369.
  27. ↑ http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/23874842
  28. ↑ The original Northam railway Station was a junction station for most of the state Gray, Laura; Heritage Council of Western Australia (2000), Northam Railway Station (fmr) West Northam : conservation works : final report, Heritage Council of W.A, retrieved 1 March 2017
  29. ↑ Base Facilities Report, Commander US 7th Fleet dated 15 September 1944 p32.
  30. ↑ Units of the Royal Australian Air Force - A Concise History ISBN 644427922

Further reading

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