YKK

YKK Group
Native name
 吉田工業株式会社
Formerly called
 San-es Shokai
Private KK
Industry Manufacturing
Founded Nihonbashi, Tokyo
(January 1, 1934 (1934-01-01))
Founder Tadao Yoshida
Headquarters Kanda Izumi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8642, Japan
Area served
 Worldwide
Key people
 Tadahiro Yoshida
(Chairman and CEO)
Masayuki Sarumaru
(President)
Products
Revenue

Increase JPY 721.03 billion (FY 2014)

(US$ 6.1 billion) (FY 2014)
Profit

Increase JPY 46.9 billion (FY 2014)

(US$ 390.8 million) (FY 2014)
Number of employees
 42,154 (consolidated as of March 31, 2015)
Website Official website
Footnotes / references
[1][2][3]
Close up of a YKK zipper on blue jeans

The YKK Group (YKK, Waikeikei Gurūpu) is a Japanese group of manufacturing companies. As the world's largest zipper manufacturer, YKK Group is most famous for making zippers; however, it also manufactures other fastening products, architectural products, plastic hardware and industrial machinery.

The initials YKK stand for Yoshida Kōgyō Kabushiki gaisha (吉田工業株式会社, lit. "Yoshida Manufacturing Corporation"), which was the name of the company from 1945 until 1994. YKK produces fasteners and architectural products at 109 YKK companies in 71 countries around the world.[4]

History

Pre World War II

What would later become YKK operated initially as San-es Shokai and was founded by Tadao Yoshida in Higashi Nihonbashi, Tokyo in January 1934. The company specialized in marketing of fastening products. In February 1938 San-es Shokai was renamed to Yoshida Kogyosho. WWII was under way by 1939 and the next major corporate event would not take place until February 1942.[5]

After World War II

In January 1946 the company registered the YKK trademark. A major technological change came in 1950, when the company purchased a chain machine from the U.S. that allowed the automation of the zipper making process. Previously, YKK zippers were made by hand, and hence had an inferior quality compared to automated zippers from abroad.

In March 1951, YKK relocated its headquarters to Chūō, Tokyo. In May 1955, a new plant was opened in Kurobe, Toyama. In August 1958, the headquarters was again relocated to Taitō, Tokyo. In this year, the company also introduced its new Conceal brand that does not show the teeth of the zippers. Another major step came in November 1959, with the opening of its first overseas location, producing YKK zippers in New Zealand. YKK's first US office opened in New York City in 1960 and now is the country's top supplier of zippers and other fastening devices such as snaps buttons. As the company grew, it brought every step of manufacturing in-house, including smelting brass and dyeing cloth.[6]

Diversification

In November 1961, the product line was diversified to include aluminium products for buildings. In June 1963, the company relocated its headquarters again to Chiyoda, Tokyo, the current location of the company. In 1966, a new product YZip was introduced, an extra strong and durable zipper for jeans. The development of a machine that automatically included the YZip zipper into the stitching process of jeans further increased sales, especially in the USA. In 1968 YKK opened its first branch in Canada. Its Canadian headquarters are currently in Montreal, Quebec. There was further expansion in the 1970s, with the opening of three new plants in Utazu, Kagawa in April 1972, in Sanbongi, Miyagi in June 1974, and in Yatsushiro, Kumamoto in February 1975. YKK also opened a fastener making factory in Swaziland which has grown to supply the entire sub-saharan region including Madagascar and Mauritius.

More product lines became available with the Quicklon (sometimes called Cosmolon) fasteners in December 1981. International and product expansion continued during the 1980s, with a real estate business in Singapore in December 1984, an agricultural business in Brazil in January 1985, and a plant in Indonesia in September 1986 producing zippers and aluminium parts for buildings. The company was finally renamed YKK in August 1994.

New millennium

In July 2000, the company established YKK Newmax Co., Ltd, specializing in the production of snaps and buttons. In December 2002, a machine company was established in Suzhou, China. A company specializing in sales, YKK Fastening Products Sales Inc. was established in February 2003. YKK AP Inc. was founded in October 2003, specializing in architectural products. Overall, the organization operates 111 affiliated companies in 71 countries, with 42,154 employees.[4]

Price fixing

On September 19, 2007 YKK was fined 150.3 million euros by the European Commission for running worldwide price-fixing cartels and sharing markets with zipper-makers Prym and Coats. Coats of Britain and Prym of Germany were fined 122.4 million and 40.5 million euros respectively for their participation in cartel behaviour.[7] YKK lost its appeal to the General Court on June 27, 2012.[8][9] It then launched an appeal to the European Court of Justice on September 5, 2012,.[10]

In October 2014, the judgement was reduced by the European high court from €19.25 million to €2.79 million.

Products

Fastening products

Fastening products are the first and still the most important product of YKK. Within YKK, the company distinguishes between the Slide Fastener Division, the Textile and Plastic Products Division, and the Snap Fastener and Button Division.

On August 26, 2013, YKK Corporation, filed a patent infringement complaint in the Middle District of Georgia against Velcro USA Inc. of Manchester, New Hampshire relating to a fastener strip used in foam moulded products like a cushion body used for an auto-mobile seat.[11]

Architectural products

Architectural Aluminium products include fenestration systems for glass exteriors; entrances for commercial and institutional structures; Aluminium sunshades and residential windows. It is based in Austell, Georgia, USA.

YKK AP America Inc. manufactures entrances, store fronts, curtain wall, window wall, sunshades, windows and sliding doors for office buildings, residential high-rises, schools, stadiums, shopping centres and institutional structures.[12]

Machinery and engineering

The Machinery and Engineering Group focuses on the development and production of machines, equipment, and dyes, serving YKK Group with the Exclusive Machinery Division, Industrial Machinery Division, and Dye Division.

Facilities

YKK has manufacturing facilities in 71 countries.[4]

References

  1. ↑ "Corporate Profile". YKK Corporation. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  2. ↑ "Company Overview". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  3. ↑ "Financial Highlights". YKK Corporation. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 "YKK Corporate Profile". YKK Corporation. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  5. ↑ "HISTORY : YKK GROUP". Ykk Corporation. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
  6. ↑ Stevenson, Seth (April 30, 2012). "Why YKK? The mysterious Japanese company behind the world's best zippers.". Slate. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
  7. ↑ Schomberg, William (September 19, 2007). "EU fines zipper-makers over 328 mln Euros for cartel". Reuters. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
  8. ↑ Judgment of the General Court of 27 June 2012 — YKK and Others v Commission, Official Journal of the European Union
  9. ↑ White, Aoife (June 27, 2012). "Coats and YKK Lose EU Court Challenges Over Antitrust Fines". Businessweek. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  10. ↑ Appeal brought on 5 September 2012 by YKK Corp., YKK Holding Europe BV, Official Journal of the European Union
  11. ↑ Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, PLLC (October 10, 2013). "YKK Corporation Files Patent Infringement Action Against Competitor Velcro USA". The National Law Review. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
  12. ↑ "YKK AP Wins Design Award: YKK AP Wins International Design Excellence Award With Aid Of Agency Video". Freebairn & Company. August 21, 2009. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
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