Shixing language

Shixing
Native to China
Native speakers
 1,800 (2000)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 sxg
Glottolog shix1238[2]

Shixing, or Xumi, is a poorly-attested Qiangic language of Sichuan and the Tibet Autonomous Region. Two thirds of its speakers are monolingual.

Shixing is also known as Xùmǐ 旭米; it is spoken by about 1800 people living by the Shuiluo River 水洛 in Shuiluo Township 水洛乡, Mili Tibetan Autonomous County.[3]

Katia Chirkova reports two varieties.[4]

Phonology

Consonants

Xumi features a very unusual phonemic contrast between voiceless /ʎ̥/ and voiced /ʎ/ alveolo-palatal lateral approximants.[5][6]

Consonant phonemes[7][8]
Labial Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Uvular Glottal
Palato-
alveolar		 Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal
Nasal voiceless m̥ n̥ ɲ̊ ŋ̊
voiced m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ
plain p t k q
voiced b d g ɢ
Affricate aspirated tsʰ tʃʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ
plain ts tʃ ʈʂ tɕ
voiced dz dʒ ɖʐ dʑ
Fricative voiceless s ʃ ʂ ɕ x χ h
voiced z ʒ ʐ ʑ ɣ ʁ ɦ
Lateral voiceless l̥ ʎ̥
voiced l ʎ
Approximant ɹ j w

In the table above, gold phonemes only appear in the Upper Xumi dialect while blue phonemes only appear in the Lower Xumi dialect. All others appear in both Upper and Lower Xumi.

Vowels

Oral monophthongs of Lower Xumi, from Chirkova & Chen (2013:369)

Oral

Nasal

References

  1. ↑ Shixing at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Shixing". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 363.
  4. ↑ Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 364.
  5. ↑ Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365, 367–368.
  6. ↑ Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), pp. 382–383.
  7. ↑ Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 382.
  8. ↑ Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 365.
  9. 1 2 Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), pp. 388–389.
  10. 1 2 Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 369–370.
  11. 1 2 Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 389.
  12. ↑ Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 369.

Bibliography


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