Xubu

The Xubu (Chinese: 須卜; pinyin: Xūbǔ; Wade–Giles: Hsü-pu) was a tribe of the Xiongnu confederation that flourished between 3rd century BCE to 4th century CE. Chinese annals noted that the Xubu tribe replaced the Huyan tribe, which was an earlier maternal dynastic tribe of the dynastic union with the paternal dynastic tribe Luandi. The traditional system of conjugal unions is a form of the nomadic exogamic society. The male members of the maternal dynastic line were not eligible for the Chanyu throne, only the male members of the Luandi line, whose father was a Luanti Chanyu, and mother was a Xubu Khatun (Queen) were eligible for the supreme throne. A Xubu could only become a Chanyu after a palace coup.

The tribe Huyan moved from the Right (Western) Wing, where the maternal dynastic tribe is traditionally assigned, to the Left (Eastern) Wing. The later Hou Hanshu chapter 89, l. 7b) stated that of the noble tribes other than Luanti, Huyan, Xubu, Qiulin and Lan, Huyan already belonged to the dominating Left Wing, and Lan and Xubu belonged to the Right Wing.[1] Hou Hanshu also names the dynastic Luandi tribe with a composite name Xulianti, implying a merger of the two dynastic lines.

Xubu was a tribe that held some of the highest positions in the Eastern Xiongnu society, including the position of Khatun within the tribal confederacy, and the State Judge. A male head of the Xubu tribe held a third highest position in the state, Right Jükü-prince (Ch. 右屠耆王 You Tuqi-wang, 右贤王 You Xian-wang , Right Wise Prince). In that position, the Right Jükü-prince managed the daily affairs of the state, headed a considerable division of the army, was a first adviser to the Chanyu, and managed the foreign relations. Frequently, the Right Jükü-prince was sent as a personal envoy of the Chanyu to resolve difficult international problems, the Chinese annals often mention the Right Jükü-prince in that capacity.

The earliest annalistic record that mentioned a Right Jükü-prince by name refers to the events of the 121 BCE, when a Right Jükü-prince Hunye (渾邪王) killed an heir apparent Left Jükü-prince Huchjui (休屠王 Xiutu) and with 40,000 cavalry submitted to the Han Empire,[2] establishing a 200,000 Xubu population in the Northern China.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Taskin B.S., "Materials on Sünnu history", Science, Moscow, 1968, p. 130 (In Russian)
  2. ↑ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", vol. 1, p. 39

References

  • Wang, Zhonghan (2004). "Outlines of Ethnic Groups in China." Taiyuan: Shanxi Education Press. ISBN 7-5440-2660-4. p. 134.
  • Lin, Gan (1986). "A Comprehensive History of Xiongnu." Beijing: People's Press. CN / K289. p. 11-12.
  • Book of Han, vol. 94a.
  • Book of Later Han, vol. 89.
  • Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times," vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851.
  • Taskin B.S., "Materials on Sünnu history," Science, Moscow, 1968 (In Russian).
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