Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

**Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties**
UNESCO World Heritage Site

Location	People's Republic of China
Coordinates	41°42′N 124°48′E / 41.7°N 124.8°E / 41.7; 124.8
Criteria	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) ^[1]
Reference	1004
Inscription	2000 (24th Session)
Extensions	2003, 2004
Endangered	–
Location of Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
[edit on Wikidata]

Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (simplified Chinese: 明清皇家陵寝; traditional Chinese: 明清皇家陵寢; pinyin: Míng Qīng Huángjiā Língqǐn) is the designation under which the UNESCO has included several tombs and burial complexes into the list of World Heritage Sites. These tombs date from the Ming and Qing dynasties of China.

Tombs were included in the list in 2000, 2003 and 2004. The property now includes the following tombs or tomb groups:

Serial ID No.	Tomb	Province	Location	Coordinates	Area (m²)	Buffer (m²)	Year inscribed
1004-001	Xianling Tomb	Hubei	Zhongxiang	31°01′N 112°39′E / 31.017°N 112.650°E / 31.017; 112.650	876,000	2,264,000	2000
1004-002	Eastern Qing Tombs	Hebei	Zunhua	41°11′N 117°38′E / 41.183°N 117.633°E / 41.183; 117.633	2,240,000	78,000,000	2000
1004-003	Western Qing Tombs	Hebei	Yi County	39°20′N 115°13′E / 39.333°N 115.217°E / 39.333; 115.217	18,420,000	47,580,000	2000
1004-004	Ming Tombs	Beijing	Changping District	40°16′10″N 116°14′40″E / 40.26944°N 116.24444°E / 40.26944; 116.24444	8,230,000	81,000,000	2003
1004-005	Xiaoling Tomb	Jiangsu	Nanjing	32°03′37″N 118°50′04″E / 32.06028°N 118.83444°E / 32.06028; 118.83444	1,160,000	1,800,000	2003
1004-006	Tomb of Chang Yuchun	Jiangsu	Nanjing	32°03′44″N 118°49′54″E / 32.06222°N 118.83167°E / 32.06222; 118.83167	9,800		2003
1004-007	Tomb of Qiu Cheng	Jiangsu	Nanjing	32°03′51″N 118°49′59″E / 32.06417°N 118.83306°E / 32.06417; 118.83306	5,500		2003
1004-008	Tomb of Wu Liang	Jiangsu	Nanjing	32°04′00″N 118°49′51″E / 32.06667°N 118.83083°E / 32.06667; 118.83083	4,000	1,800,000	2003
1004-009	Tomb of Wu Zhen	Jiangsu	Nanjing	32°04′05″N 118°49′57″E / 32.06806°N 118.83250°E / 32.06806; 118.83250	3,500		2003
1004-010	Tomb of Xu Da	Jiangsu	Nanjing	32°04′30″N 118°50′06″E / 32.07500°N 118.83500°E / 32.07500; 118.83500	8,500		2003
1004-011	Tomb of Li Wenzhong	Jiangsu	Nanjing	32°04′47″N 118°50′23″E / 32.07972°N 118.83972°E / 32.07972; 118.83972	8,700		2003
1004-012	Yongling Tomb of the Qing dynasty	Liaoning	Fushun	41°42′36.4″N 124°48′08.8″E / 41.710111°N 124.802444°E / 41.710111; 124.802444	2,365,900	13,439,400	2004
1004-013	Fuling Tomb of the Qing dynasty	Liaoning	Shenyang	41°49′48.0″N 123°35′26.0″E / 41.830000°N 123.590556°E / 41.830000; 123.590556	538,600	7,023,600	2004
1004-014	Zhaoling Tomb of the Qing dynasty	Liaoning	Shenyang	41°51′09.1″N 123°25′39.0″E / 41.852528°N 123.427500°E / 41.852528; 123.427500	478,900	3,187,400	2004
Total					34,379,400	234,294,400

2004 additions

The three Imperial tombs of the Qing dynasty in Liaoning Province include the Yongling tomb, the Fuling tomb, and the Zhaoling tomb, all built in the 17th century. Constructed for the founding emperors of the Qing dynasty and their ancestors, the tombs follow the precepts of traditional Chinese geomancy and fengshui theory. They feature rich decoration of stone statues and carvings and tiles with dragon motifs, illustrating the development of the funerary architecture of the Qing dynasty. The three tomb complexes, and their numerous edifices, combine traditions inherited from previous dynasties and new features of Manchu culture.

Ming imperial tombs not included in the list

Note that the UNESCO World Heritage site presently does not include the mausoleum complexes that the Hongwu Emperor had built for his ancestors, viz. the Ming Ancestors Mausoleum (Zuling) in Xuyi County, Jiangsu and the Huangling Mausoleum in Fengyang, Anhui.

References

↑ http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004.

External links

Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties on the World Heritage Sites website
Advisory Body Evaluation (for the Liaoning Tombs, January 22, 2003)
Original Decision Document (October 29, 2004 - see p. 38, 39)
Locational Information: Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (for the sites listed in 2000 and 2003)

Ming dynasty topics

History

Early (1328–1435)	Red Turban Rebellion Ming conquest of Yunnan Ming-Mong Mao War Ming campaign against the Uriankhai Battle of Buir Lake Ming–Mong Mao Intervention Jingnan Campaign Treasure voyages Ming–Turpan conflict Ming–Hồ War Battle of Kherlen Ming–Kotte War Lam Sơn uprising Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols Rule of Ren and Xuan
Middle (1435–1572)	Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns Tumu Crisis Rebellion of Cao Qin Miao Rebellions Prince of Anhua rebellion Prince of Ning rebellion Malayan–Portuguese war Japanese missions to Ming China Ningbo Incident Great Rites Controversy Renyin palace rebellion Jiajing wokou raids Single whip law
Late (1572–1683)	Bozhou rebellion Japanese invasions of Korea Donglin movement Sino-Dutch conflicts She-An Rebellion Battle of Beijing Qing conquest of the Ming Battle of Shanhai Pass Southern Ming

Government & Military

Compilations & Documents

Palaces and Mausoleums

Society & Culture

Other topics

Xia → Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han → 3 Kingdoms → Jìn / 16 Kingdoms → N. & S. Dynasties → Sui → Tang → 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms → Liao / Song / W. Xia / Jīn → Yuan → Ming → Qing → Modern China: (ROC/PRC)

Qing dynasty topics
History	Seven Grievances First Manchu invasion of Korea Second Manchu invasion of Korea Qing conquest of the Ming Battle of Shanhai Pass Great Clearance Revolt of the Three Feudatories Sino-Russian border conflicts Dzungar–Qing War Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720) Chinese Rites controversy Ten Great Campaigns Miao Rebellion (1735–36) Lhasa riot of 1750 Sino-Burmese War (1765–69) Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa Sino-Nepalese War Miao Rebellion (1795–1806) White Lotus Rebellion First Opium War Sino-Sikh War Taiping Rebellion Nian Rebellion Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856) Miao Rebellion (1854–73) Nepalese–Tibetan War Panthay Rebellion Second Opium War Amur Acquisition Self-Strengthening Movement Dungan Revolt (1862–77) Mudan Incident (1871) Tianjin Massacre Margary Affair Northern Chinese Famine Qing reconquest of Xinjiang Sino-French War Sikkim Expedition Jindandao Incident First Sino-Japanese War Gongche Shangshu movement Dungan Revolt (1895–96) Hundred Days' Reform Boxer Rebellion Red Lanterns Eight-Nation Alliance New Policies British expedition to Tibet 1905 Tibetan Rebellion 1909 Provincial Assembly elections Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910) Railway Protection Movement Xinhai Revolution Wuchang Uprising Xinhai Lhasa turmoil Mongolian Revolution of 1911 Xinhai Revolution in Xinjiang Manchu Restoration
Government	Emperor List Family tree Amban Cup of Solid Gold Deliberative Council Flag of the Qing dynasty Grand Council Great Qing Legal Code Imperial Clan Court Imperial Commissioner Imperial Household Department Lifan Yuan Ministry of Posts and Communications Nine Gates Infantry Commander Provincial governor Provincial military commander Qinding Xianfa Dagang Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty Viceroys Zhili Shaan-Gan Liangjiang Huguang Sichuan Min-Zhe Liangguang Yun-Gui Three Northeast Provinces Zongli Yamen
Military	Military of the Qing dynasty Beiyang Army Chu Army Eight Banners Ever Victorious Army Green Standard Army Huai Army Hushenying Imperial Guards Brigade New Army Peking Field Force Shuishiying Wuwei Corps Xiang Army Manchuria under Qing rule Mongolia under Qing rule Administrative divisions Qing dynasty in Inner Asia Taiwan under Qing rule Provincial Administration Hall Tibet under Qing rule Golden Urn List of imperial residents Xinjiang under Qing rule General of Ili
Palaces & mausoleums	Chengde Mountain Resort Forbidden City Mukden Palace Old Summer Palace Summer Palace Eastern Qing tombs Fuling Mausoleum Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Western Qing tombs
Society & culture	Booi Aha Changzhou School of Thought Dibao Four Wangs Gujin Tushu Jicheng History of Ming Islam during the Qing dynasty Kangxi Dictionary Kaozheng Literary Inquisition Manchu Han Imperial Feast Peiwen Yunfu Pentaglot Dictionary Qing official headwear Qing poetry Quan Tangshi Queue Researches on Manchu Origins Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor Shamanism in the Qing dynasty Siku Quanshu Zongmu Tiyao
Treaties	Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) Treaty of Nerchinsk Unequal treaty Boxer Protocol Burlingame Treaty Chefoo Convention Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory Convention of Peking Convention of Tientsin Li–Lobanov Treaty Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking Treaty of Aigun Treaty of the Bogue Treaty of Canton Treaty of Kulja Treaty of Nanking Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881) Treaty of Shimonoseki Treaty of Tarbagatai Treaty of Tientsin Treaty of Wanghia Treaty of Whampoa
Other topics	Aisin Gioro Anti-Qing sentiment Canton System Chuang Guandong Draft History of Qing Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty Manchu people Names of the Qing dynasty New Qing History Qing dynasty coinage Qing conquest theory Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions Treaty ports Willow Palisade
Xia → Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han → 3 Kingdoms → Jìn / 16 Kingdoms → N. & S. Dynasties → Sui → Tang → 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms → Liao / Song / W. Xia / Jīn → Yuan → Ming → Qing → Modern China: (ROC/PRC)

World Heritage Sites in China
East	Classical Gardens of Suzhou Fujian Tulou Lushan Huangshan Mount Sanqing Mount Tai Wuyi Mountains Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and Kong Family Mansion in Qufu Xidi, and Hongcun West Lake Kulangsu
South Central	Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains Historic Centre of Macau Shennongjia Kaiping Diaolou and Villages Longmen Grottoes Historic Monuments of Dengfeng, including the Shaolin Monastery and Gaocheng Observatory Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art Wulingyuan Yinxu
Southwest	Chengjiang Fossil Site Dazu Rock Carvings Potala Palace, including the Jokhang and Norbulingka Honghe Hani Rice Terraces Huanglong Jiuzhaigou Old Town of Lijiang Mount Emei and Leshan Giant Buddha Mount Qingcheng and Dujiangyan Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries Three Parallel Rivers
North	Mount Wutai Chengde Mountain Resort, including Putuo Zongcheng Temple, Xumi Fushou Temple and Puning Temple Forbidden City Zhoukoudian Pingyao Summer Palace Temple of Heaven Xanadu Yungang Grottoes
Northeast	Koguryo sites Mukden Palace
Northwest	Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor Mogao Caves Xinjiang Tianshan Qinghai Hoh Xil
Multiple regions	Great Wall China Danxia Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties South China Karst Grand Canal Silk Roads Tusi Sites

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