X2 (film)

X2

Theatrical release poster
Directed by Bryan Singer
Produced by
Screenplay by
Story by
Based on X-Men
by Jack Kirby
Stan Lee
Starring
Music by John Ottman
Cinematography Newton Thomas Sigel
Edited by
Production
companies
Distributed by 20th Century Fox
Release date
  • April 24, 2003 (2003-04-24) (London premiere)
  • May 2, 2003 (2003-05-02) (United States)
Running time
 133 minutes[1]
Country United States
Language English
Budget $110 million[2]
Box office $407.7 million[2]

X2 (often promoted as X2: X-Men United[2][3] and internationally as X-Men 2[4][5]) is a 2003 American superhero film based on the X-Men superhero team appearing in Marvel Comics. It is the sequel to 2000's X-Men, and the second installment in the X-Men film series. The film was directed by Bryan Singer, written by Michael Dougherty, Dan Harris, and David Hayter, and features an ensemble cast including Hugh Jackman, Patrick Stewart, Ian McKellen, Halle Berry, Famke Janssen, James Marsden, Rebecca Romijn-Stamos, Brian Cox, Alan Cumming, Bruce Davison, Shawn Ashmore, Aaron Stanford, Kelly Hu, and Anna Paquin. The plot, inspired by the graphic novel God Loves, Man Kills, pits the X-Men and their enemies, the Brotherhood, against the genocidal Colonel William Stryker (Brian Cox). He leads an assault on Professor Xavier's school to build his own version of Xavier's mutant-tracking computer Cerebro, in order to destroy every mutant on Earth and to save the human race from them.

Development began shortly after X-Men (2000). David Hayter and Zak Penn wrote separate scripts, combining what they felt to be the best elements of both scripts into one screenplay. Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris were eventually hired to rewrite the work, and changed the characterizations of Beast, Angel, and Lady Deathstrike. Sentinels and the Danger Room were set to appear before being deleted because of budget concerns. The film's premise was influenced by the Marvel Comics storylines Return to Weapon X and God Loves, Man Kills. Filming began in June 2002 and ended that November. Most of the filming took place at Vancouver Film Studios, the largest North American production facility outside of Los Angeles. Production designer Guy Hendrix Dyas adapted similar designs by John Myhre from the previous film.

X2 was released in the United States on May 2, 2003. It received positive reviews from critics, who mostly praised the storyline, action sequences and acting of the film. With its critical success, it grossed over approximately $407 million, and received eight Saturn Awards nominations.

Plot

At the White House, brainwashed teleporting mutant Nightcrawler attempts to assassinate the President of the United States but fails and escapes. Meanwhile, Wolverine explores an abandoned military installation at Alkali Lake in Alberta for clues to his past, but finds nothing. He returns to Professor Xavier's school for mutants, and Xavier tracks Nightcrawler using Cerebro. Xavier and Cyclops go to question the imprisoned Magneto about the attack, while X-Men Storm and Jean Grey retrieve Nightcrawler. Meanwhile, military scientist Colonel William Stryker approaches the president and receives approval to investigate Xavier's mansion for their ties to mutants. Stryker's forces invade the school and abduct some of the students. Colossus leads the remaining students to safety while Wolverine, Rogue, Iceman, and Pyro escape, and Stryker's assistant Yuriko Oyama captures Cyclops and Xavier. During the attack Wolverine confronts Stryker, who knows him by name.

The shape-shifting Mystique gains information about Magneto's prison and helps him escape while also discovering schematics for a second Cerebro. Wolverine, Rogue, Iceman, and Pyro visit Iceman's parents in Boston and meet up with Storm, Jean, and Nightcrawler. The X-Jet is attacked by fighter jets en route back to the mansion and is shot down, but Magneto saves them from crashing. Magneto explains to the group that Stryker has built the second Cerebro to use it, and Xavier, to telepathically kill every mutant on the planet. Stryker's son, Jason, is a mutant with mind-controlling powers, which Stryker will use to force Xavier to do this. Stryker had also previously used Jason's powers to orchestrate Nightcrawler's attack as a pretense to gain approval to invade Xavier's mansion. Magneto also tells Wolverine that Stryker was the man who grafted his adamantium skeleton onto his bones. Jean reads Nightcrawler's mind and determines that Stryker's base is underground in a dam at Alkali Lake.

The mutants infiltrate Stryker's base and Magneto and Mystique go to disable Cerebro before the brainwashed Xavier can activate it. Storm and Nightcrawler rescue the captured students, and Jean fights a mind-controlled Cyclops; their battle frees Cyclops but damages the dam, which begins to rupture. Wolverine finds Stryker in an adamantium smelting lab and remembers it as where he received his adamantium skeleton. Wolverine fights and kills Yuriko, then chases Stryker to a helicopter pad and chains him to the helicopter's wheel. Magneto stops Cerebro and, using Mystique impersonating Stryker to command Jason, has Xavier redirect its powers on normal humans. The two subsequently use Stryker's helicopter to escape, accompanied by Pyro who has been swayed to Magneto's views. Nightcrawler teleports Storm inside Cerebro, where she creates a snowstorm to break Jason's concentration and free Xavier from his control.

The X-Men flee the dam as water engulfs it, but the damaged X-Jet struggles to take flight. Stryker is killed in the deluge and Jean sacrifices herself to hold back the flood of water while getting the jet into the air, and is then consumed by the flood and presumed dead. The X-Men give the president Stryker's files, and Xavier warns him that humans and mutants must work together to build peace. Back at the school, Xavier, Cyclops, and Wolverine remember Jean, and Xavier begins to hold a class.

The film ends with a voice-over narration from Jean accompanied by the flooded Alkali Lake, a fiery Phoenix-like shape rising from the water.

Cast

A powerful, telepathic and paralyzed mutant who uses a wheelchair. He founded a School for "gifted youngsters"; Xavier is a pacifist who believes humans and mutants can live together in harmony. He uses the Cerebro device, built by Magneto and himself, to track and locate mutants across the world. Xavier is regarded as an expert on genetic mutation.
A Canadian mutant who has no memory of his life before he was grafted with an indestructible adamantium skeleton. A gruff loner, Wolverine is also a father-figure to Rogue and feels love toward Jean. He wields three blades that come out of each of his fists, has keen animal-like senses and the ability to heal rapidly, and is a ruthless and aggressive fighter.
A Mutant who was once Xavier's ally and close-friend, Magneto now believes mutants are superior to humans. Magneto wields the ability to manipulate metal magnetically, as well as the ability to create magnetic fields. He wears a helmet that renders him immune to Xavier's and all telepathic-based abilities. Imprisoned after his scheme in the first film, he is drugged by William Stryker for information on Cerebro, before making his escape and forming an alliance with the X-Men to stop Stryker. He has demonstrated sophisticated knowledge in matters of genetic manipulation and engineering.
A mutant teacher at Xavier's school who can control the weather. Storm befriends Nightcrawler.
A mutant teacher at Xavier's school and the X-Mansion's doctor, Jean has begun to experience vast and at times uncontrollable growth in her telepathic and telekinetic abilities since Magneto's machine was destroyed in the first film. She is Cyclops' fiancée. The final scene of the film initiates her transformation into Phoenix.
A mutant who is the field leader of the X-Men and a teacher at Xavier's Institute, he shoots uncontrollable beams of concussive force from his eyes and wears a visor to control them. Cyclops is captured and brainwashed by Stryker. He is engaged to Jean.
Magneto's mutant henchwoman, who is a shapeshifter. Mystique is blue, naked and covered in scales, and she acts as a spy. She injects a prison guard with metal, with which Magneto makes his escape, and also sexually tempts Wolverine. Romijn's full-body makeup previously took nine hours to apply; however, the make-up department was able to bring it down to six hours for X2.[6]
A human military scientist who plans a worldwide genocide of mutants using Xavier and Cerebro. Stryker has experimented on mutants in the past, including Wolverine, and uses a serum to control them. Brad Loree plays a younger William Stryker in flashback scenes. Singer opted to cast Cox in the role as he was a fan of his performance as Hannibal Lecter in Manhunter.[7]
A German mutant with a strong Catholic faith and the appearance of a blue demon. Nightcrawler was used by Stryker in an assassination attempt on the President of the United States and gives help to the X-Men. He is capable of teleporting himself (and others) instantly from one location to another. Nightcrawler can teleport through walls, but prefers to only teleport when he can see his landing site. On his body are many scarification marks, one for every sin. Cumming had always been Singer's choice for the role, but at first he was not available due to scheduling conflicts.[8] At some point, Ethan Embry had been reported to be in contention for the role.[9] Ultimately, the film remained in development long enough for Cumming to accept the part.[8] Singer also felt comfortable in casting him since he speaks German fluently.[10] The drawings of Adam Kubert were used as inspiration for Nightcrawler's makeup design,[11] which took four hours to apply.[12] For the scene where Nightcrawler has his shirt off, Cumming went through nine hours of makeup.[8] To best pose as Nightcrawler, Cumming studied comic books and illustrations of the character.[12]
An anti-mutant politician who supports a Mutant Registration Act and wishes to ban mutant children from schools. Although his character was killed in the first film, Davison reprised the role for scenes where Mystique uses his persona to infiltrate the government.
A mutant who can freeze objects and create ice. His family is unaware that he is a mutant and simply believes he is at a boarding school. After returning home, Bobby reveals to them what he actually is, much to his brother's derision. He is also Rogue's boyfriend.
A mutant who is friends with Bobby and Rogue, Pyro has anti-social tendencies because he is very angry at the general public for how they treat the mutant community. He has the ability to control (although not create) fire. He later joins Magneto and Mystique. The filmmakers cast Stanford in the role after they were impressed with his performance in Tadpole.[13]
A mutant who has a healing ability like Wolverine's, and is controlled by Stryker. She wields long retractable adamantium fingernails. Only her first name is mentioned in dialogue.
A mutant girl who can absorb any person's memories and abilities by touching them. As she cannot control this absorbing ability, Rogue can easily kill anyone and thus is unable to be close to people. Her love interest is Iceman.

Also, Katie Stuart appeared as Kitty Pryde, a mutant girl who can walk through walls; Kea Wong as Jubilee, Bryce Hodgson as Artie, a mutant boy with a blue tongue; Shauna Kain as Siryn, a mutant who is able to emit loud screams that alert the students to Stryker's attack; and Michael Reid McKay as Jason Stryker / Mutant 143, William Stryker's mutant son who has the ability to cast illusions. Also in the final scene with Xavier, a girl is seen dressed in a Native American style jacket, as well as a blond haired boy dressed in blue, played by Layke Anderson. These were later confirmed to be Danielle Moonstar and Douglas Ramsey / Cypher.[13] Daniel Cudmore appeared as Piotr "Peter" Rasputin / Colossus, a young mutant with the ability to turn his body into organic steel, and possesses superhuman strength while in that form. Cudmore was set to use a Russian accent, but Singer dropped the idea of accents despite characters of different nationalities.[14]

Jubilee, Psylocke and Multiple Man were to have cameos in the scene where Stryker and his troops storm the X-Mansion. Beast, Gambit and Marrow were to have appearances during a sequence with Cerebro. Gambit's cameo was actually shot, but the footage was not used in the final cut. Beast's scene was to show him in his human form as Dr. Hank McCoy, while his skin morphed into blue fur, and Marrow was to be seen lying on a ground in New York City.[13] Hank McCoy appears on a television during the scene where Mystique drugs Magneto's prison guard. Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris, the film's writers, cameo in scenes of Wolverine's Weapon X flashbacks as surgeons.[15] Bryan Singer, the film's director, cameos as a security guard in a scene where Professor X and Cyclops go to see Magneto. Shaquille O'Neal wanted a role in the film but was ignored by the filmmakers.[16]

One scene depicts Mystique going through files on Stryker's computer. Singer purposely included various names of characters and hints of storylines from X-Men lore on several computer screens. Singer "[found] great difficulty in adapting all this stuff into a two and a half hour long movie."[7]

Development

Writing

The financial and critical success of X-Men persuaded 20th Century Fox to immediately commission a sequel. Starting in November 2000,[17] Bryan Singer researched various storylines (one of them being the Legacy Virus) of the X-Men comic book series.[18] Singer wanted to study, "the human perspective, the kind of blind rage that feeds into warmongering and terrorism,"[19] citing a need for a "human villain".[17] Bryan and producer Tom DeSanto envisioned X2 as the film series' The Empire Strikes Back, in that the characters are "all split apart, and then dissected, and revelations occur that are significant... the romance comes to fruition and a lot of things happen."[20] Producer Avi Arad announced a planned November 2002 theatrical release date,[21] while David Hayter and Zak Penn were hired to write separate scripts.[22] Hayter and Penn combined what they felt to be the best elements of both scripts into one screenplay.[23] Singer and Hayter worked on another script, finishing in October 2001.[24]

Drawing of a large, enclosed, futuristic arena with a man standing at the centre; large ramps lead to galleries above.
Concept art of the Danger Room before the setpiece was stored due to budgetary concerns

Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris were hired to rewrite Hayter and Penn's script in February 2002,[25] turning down the opportunity to write Urban Legends: Bloody Mary.[26] Angel and Beast appeared in early drafts, but were deleted because there were too many characters.[11] Dr. Hank McCoy, however, can be seen on a television interview in one scene. Beast's appearance was to resemble Jim Lee's 1991 artwork of the character in the series X-Men: Legacy.[11] Angel was to have been a mutant experiment by William Stryker, transforming into Archangel.[13] A reference to Dougherty's and Harris' efforts to include Angel remains in the form of an X-ray on display in one of Stryker's labs.[18] Tyler Mane was to reprise as Sabretooth before the character was deleted.[27] In Hayter's script, the role eventually filled by Lady Deathstrike was Anne Reynolds, a character who appeared in God Loves, Man Kills as Stryker's personal assistant/assassin. Singer changed her to Deathstrike, citing a need for "another kick-ass mutant".[17] There was to be more development on Cyclops and Professor X being brainwashed by Stryker. The scenes were shot, but Fox cut them out because of time length and story complications. Hayter was disappointed, feeling that James Marsden deserved more screentime.[13]

Rewrites were commissioned once more, specifically to give Halle Berry more screen time. This was because of her recent popularity in Monster's Ball, earning her the Academy Award for Best Actress.[28] A budget cut meant that the Sentinels[18] and the Danger Room were dropped. Guy Hendrix Dyas and a production crew had already constructed the Danger Room set. In the words of Dyas, "The control room [of the danger room] was a large propeller that actually rotated around the room so that you can sit up [in that control room] and travel around the subject who is in the middle of the control room. The idea for the traveling is that if it's a mutant has some kind of mind control powers they can't connect."[12]

Production

Producer Lauren Shuler Donner had hoped to start filming in March 2002,[22] but production did not begin until June 17, 2002 in Vancouver and ended by November.[3] Over sixty-four sets were used in thirty-eight different locations.[12] The film crew encountered problems when there was insufficient snow in Kananaskis, Alberta for them to use for some scenes. A large amount of fake snow was then applied.[29] The idea to have Jean Grey sacrifice herself at the end and to be resurrected in a third installment was highly secretive. Singer did not tell Famke Janssen until midway through filming.[30] Cinematographer Newton Thomas Sigel and two stunt drivers nearly died when filming the scene in which Pyro has a dispute with police officers.[7]

John Ottman composed the score.[31] Ottman established a new title theme, as well as themes specifically for Magneto, Jean Grey, Nightcrawler, Mystique, and Pyro.[32]

Design and effects

Close up of a sitting man with hands like claws, a long, pointed tail, pointed ears, and an intimidating, ghoulish expression on his face.
Nightcrawler's tail was mainly computer-generated, although Alan Cumming sometimes used one made of rubber.[7]

Singer and Sigel credited Road to Perdition as a visual influence. Though Sigel shot the first X-Men in anamorphic format, he opted to shoot X2 in Super 35. Sigel felt the recent improvements in film stocks and optics increased the advantages of using spherical lenses, even if the blowup to anamorphic must be accomplished optically instead of digitally. Sigel noted, "If you think about it, every anamorphic lens is simply a spherical lens with an anamorphizer on it. They'll never be as good as the spherical lenses that they emulate."[33] Cameras that were used during filming included two Panaflex Millenniums and a Millennium XL, as well as an Aaton 35mm. Singer also used zoom lenses more often than he did in his previous films, while Sigel used a Frazier lens specifically for dramatic moments.[33]

The Blackbird was redesigned and increased in virtual size from 60 feet to 85 feet.[12] John Myhre served as the production designer on the first film, but Singer hired Guy Hendrix Dyas for X2, which was his first film as a production designer.[34] For scenes involving Stryker's Alkali Base, Vancouver Film Studios, the largest sound stage in North America, was reserved.[11]

Visual effects supervisor Mike Fink was not satisfied with his work on the previous film, despite the fact it nearly received an Academy Award nomination.[35] Up to 520 shots were created for X-Men, while X2 commissioned roughly 800.[36] A new computer program was created by Rhythm and Hues for the dogfight tornado scene. Cinesite was in charge of scenes concerning Cerebro, enlisting a 20-man crew. The Alkali Lake Dam miniature was 25 ft (7.6 m) high and 28 ft (8.5 m) wide.[37] Cinesite created 300 visual effects shots, focusing on character animation, while Rhythm and Hues created over 100.[38]

Reception

Box office

X2 opened in North America on May 2, 2003, accumulating $85,558,731 on its opening weekend in 3,749 theaters. The film grossed $214,949,694 in North America, earning $192,761,855 worldwide, for a total of $407,711,549. X2 was a financial success as it recouped its production budget three times.[2] X2 debuted simultaneously in 93 countries, the largest North American and international opening ever at the time.[39] In addition, the film is the sixth highest grossing film based on a Marvel Comic book,[40] and was the sixth highest-grossing film of 2003,[41] also earning $107 million in its first five days of DVD release.[30]

Critical response

The first cut of X2 was rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America, due to violent shots with Wolverine when Stryker's army storms the X-Mansion. A few seconds were cut to secure a PG-13 rating.[42]

X2 received widespread critical acclaim, praise aimed at the acting, action, and story. The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 86% of critics viewed the film favorably, based on 222 reviews. The sites consensus states: "Tightly scripted, solidly acted, and impressively ambitious, X2: X-Men United is bigger and better than its predecessor – and a benchmark for comic sequels in general."[43] Metacritic calculated an average score of 68/100 (generally favorable reviews) from 37 reviews.[44]

Roger Ebert was impressed by how Singer was able to handle so many characters in one film, but felt "the storyline did not live up to its potential". In addition, Ebert wrote that the film's closing was perfect for a future installment, giving X2 three out of four stars.[45] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote that it was rare for a sequel to be better than its predecessor. Turan observed that the film carried emotional themes that are present in the world today and commented that "the acting was better than usual [for a superhero film]".[46] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote that Hugh Jackman heavily improved his performance, concluding "X2 is a summer firecracker. It's also a tribute to outcasts, teens, gays, minorities, even Dixie Chicks."[47] Empire called X2 the best comic book movie of all time in 2006,[48] while Wizard named the film's ending as the 22nd greatest cliffhanger of all time.[49] In May 2007, Rotten Tomatoes listed X2 as the fifth greatest comic book film of all time.[50]

The film won the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film. In addition, Bryan Singer (Direction), Dan Harris and Michael Dougherty (Writing), and John Ottman (Music) all received nominations. It also received nominations for its costumes, makeup, special effects and DVD release, amounting to a total of eight nominations.[51] The Political Film Society honored X2 in the categories of Human Rights and Peace,[52] while the film was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation (Long Form).[53]

Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle was critical of the storyline, special effects and action scenes.[54] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal specifically referred to the film as "fast-paced, slow-witted".[55] Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post wrote "Of the many comic book superhero movies, this is by far the lamest, the loudest, the longest".[56] Richard Corliss of Time argued that Singer depended too much on seriousness and that he did not have enough sensibilities to communicate to an audience.[57]

Music

X2: Original Motion Picture Score
Film score by John Ottman
Released April 29, 2003
Genre Soundtrack
Length 60:09
Label Trauma
Producer Casey Stone
John Ottman chronology
Trapped
(2002)Trapped2002		 X2
(2003)		 Gothika
(2003)Gothika2003
X-Men soundtrack chronology
X-Men
(2000) X-Men2000		 X2
(2003) X22003		 X-Men: The Last Stand
(2006) X-Men: The Last Stand2006
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[58]
Filmtracks[32]

The film's score was composed by John Ottman, a regular collaborator with film director Bryan Singer.[31] The soundtrack album X2: Original Motion Picture Score was released on April 29, 2003.[59] Ottman used a sample of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Requiem as the basis for the music in scenes featuring Nightcrawler.[32] As well as the music on the album, tracks by Conjure One and 'N Sync also featured in the film.[60]

On July 19, 2012, La-La Land Records issued an expanded version of Ottman's score, including the specially recorded version of Alfred Newman's Twentieth Century Fox fanfare incorporating Ottman's film theme.[32]

2003 album track listing
No.TitleLength
1."Suite from X2"7:11
2."Storm's Perfect Storm"2:18
3."Finding Faith"1:31
4."Sneaky Mystique"3:30
5."Cerebro"1:27
6."Mansion Attack"7:34
7."Rogue Earns Her Wings"1:35
8."It's Time"3:40
9."Magneto's Old Tricks"4:59
10."I'm In"4:11
11."If You Really Knew"3:21
12."Playing With Fire"2:45
13."Death Strikes Deathstryke"4:52
14."Getting Out Alive"3:59
15."Goodbye"5:28
16."We're Here to Stay"1:48
Total length:60:09
2012 album track listing
X2: Original Motion Picture Score (Expanded)
Film score by John Ottman
Released July 19, 2012
Genre Soundtrack
Length 112:25
Label La-La Land Records
Producer Casey Stone
X-Men soundtrack chronology
X-Men
(2000)X-Men2000		 X2
(2003)		 X-Men: The Last Stand
(2006)X-Men: The Last Stand2006

Tracks in bold are previously unreleased material.

Home media

X2 was released on DVD in widescreen and full frame formats in 2003. The two-disc DVD includes over three hours of special features.[61]

X2 was also released on Blu-ray, and additionally as a Blu-ray, DVD and digital-copy combination in 2011 with special features.[61]

Sequel

After the success of the second film in the franchise, a sequel titled, X-Men: The Last Stand was released in 2006 albeit not directed by Singer.

References

  1. ↑ "X2 (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. April 16, 2003. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "X2: X-Men United (2003)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  3. 1 2 Schmitz, Greg Dean. "Greg's Preview – X2: X-Men United". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
  4. ↑ "X-Men 2 Poster #6". IMPAwards.com. Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2012.
  5. ↑ "X-Men 2 Poster #7". IMPAwards.com. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2012.
  6. ↑ Worley, Rob (April 21, 2003). "Bryan Singer's Mutant Agenda". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 29, 2003. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Singer, Bryan, Sigel, Newton Thomas, DVD audio commentary, 2003, 20th Century Fox
  8. 1 2 3 Cumming, Alan, Introducing the Incredible Nightcrawler, 2003, 20th Century Fox Documentary.
  9. ↑ Stax (May 30, 2002). "Nightcrawler Cumming This Way". IGN. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  10. ↑ Worley, Rob (April 23, 2003). "That's Why They Call It The Blues: Stamos and Cumming Talk X2". (Comics2Film column) Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on May 4, 2003. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Worley, Rob (October 23, 2002). "X-Men 2 [first of two Worley articles of this title]". (Comics2 Film column; third item down) Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on May 1, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Worley, Rob (October 30, 2002). "X-Men 2 [second of two Worley articles of this title]". (Comics2Film column) Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 21, 2004. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Dougherty, Michael, Harris, Dan, Hayter, David, Donner, Lauren Shuler, Winter, Ralph, DVD audio commentary, 2003, 20th Century Fox
  14. ↑ Cudmore in Nydell, Tim (July 28, 2006). "Interview with Daniel Cudmore". HitRockBottom.com. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  15. ↑ Newgen, Heather (June 16, 2006). "Superman Returns Screenwriters Dougherty and Harris". Superhero Hype!. Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2008.
  16. ↑ Archerd, Army (August 23, 2001). "Touchy topic addressed in upcoming pix". Variety. Archived from the original on August 29, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  17. 1 2 3 The Second Uncanny Issue of X-Men: Making X2 Documentary, 2003, 20th Century Fox
  18. 1 2 3 Brown, Scott (May 9, 2003). "EW tracks the evolution of X2". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
  19. ↑ "Bunches of Marvel". (Comics2Film column; seventh item down) Comic Book Resources. August 14, 2002. Archived from the original on August 29, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2007.
  20. ↑ Hewitt, Chris (March 28, 2003). "The X Factor". Empire. p. 76.
  21. ↑ "Fantastic Four: The Comedy?!". IGN. April 28, 2001. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  22. 1 2 Stax (June 15, 2001). "Lauren Shuler Donner Talks X-Men 2 and Constantine". IGN. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  23. ↑ Stax (November 7, 2001). ""Closing In" on X-Men 2". IGN. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  24. ↑ Fleming, Michael (October 14, 2001). "Aussie has bulk for Hulk". Variety. Retrieved June 1, 2008.
  25. ↑ Grove, Martin A. (April 11, 2003). "Fox's X2 marks spot as presummer starts May 2". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved April 15, 2007.
  26. ↑ Stax (May 8, 2002). "Magneto Escapes!". IGN. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  27. ↑ KJB (August 10, 2000). "Tyler Mane Not in Rollerball Just Yet". IGN. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  28. ↑ "The X-Men 2 panel". JoBlo. July 30, 2002. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
  29. ↑ "MOTW: Why "X2" is one of the best Superhero Movies.". Movie Room Reviews. June 3, 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
  30. 1 2 Allstetter, Rob (December 1, 2003). "X2 Update". Comics Continuum. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
  31. 1 2 Stax (October 26, 2001). "Kamen Settles X-Men 2 Score". IGN. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  32. 1 2 3 4 "X2: X-Men United:". Filmtracks. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
  33. 1 2 Silberg, Jon (April 2003). "A Universe X-pands". American Cinematographer. Retrieved March 10, 2008.
  34. ↑ Dyas, Guy, Evolution in the Details: Designing X2 (Documentary), 2003, 20th Century Fox
  35. ↑ Mike Fink - Interview. Sci-Fi Online. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
  36. ↑ "X2 - X-Men United (Widescreen Edition)". DVD Talk. November 25, 2003. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
  37. ↑ FX2 Visual Effects, 2003, 20th Century Fox
  38. ↑ "Comics 2 Film". Comic Book Resources. July 10, 2002. Retrieved May 1, 2007.
  39. ↑ Linder, Brian (May 2, 2003). "This Weekend at the Movies: X2 Debuts". IGN. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  40. ↑ "Marvel Comics Movies". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 5, 2008.
  41. ↑ "2003 Yearly Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 5, 2008.
  42. ↑ Worley, Rob (April 28, 2003). "X-Producers: Lauren Shulder-Donner and Ralph Winter Talk About X2". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
  43. ↑ "X2: X-Men United". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
  44. ↑ "X2: X-Men United (2003): Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  45. ↑ Ebert, Roger (May 2, 2003). "X2: X-Men United". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  46. ↑ Turan, Kenneth (May 2, 2003). "X2: X-Men United". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  47. ↑ Travers, Peter (May 29, 2003). "Mutants Gone Wild". Rolling Stone. p. 70. Retrieved August 12, 2007.
  48. ↑ "The 20 Greatest Comic Book Movies". Empire. Archived from the original on August 30, 2015. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  49. ↑ Rossen, Jake (August 5, 2007). "The Top 25 Cliffhangers of All Time!". Wizard. pp. 23–8.
  50. ↑ "Comix Worst to Best". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved March 10, 2008.
  51. ↑ "Past Saturn Awards". Saturnawards.org. Archived from the original on December 19, 2008. Retrieved April 14, 2007.
  52. ↑ "X2: X-Men United". Political Film Society. Archived from the original on October 22, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
  53. ↑ "The Hugo Awards By Year". Hugo.org. Archived from the original on May 7, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
  54. ↑ LaSalle, Mick (May 3, 2003). "The Inhuman Touch". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  55. ↑ Morgenstern, Joe (May 2, 2003). "X2: X-Men United". The Wall Street Journal.
  56. ↑ Hunter, Stephen (May 2, 2003). "X-Men United: Missing a Why, It Spawns Zzzzs". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  57. ↑ Corliss, Richard (April 27, 2003). "Pumping Up For The Sequel". Time. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  58. ↑ Phares, Heather. X2: Original Motion Picture Score at AllMusic. Retrieved June 24, 2011.
  59. ↑ "X2: X-Men United". MTV. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
  60. ↑ X2: X-Men United. Soundtrack.net. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
  61. 1 2 X2 DVD Release Date DVDs ReleaseDates, Retrieved August 29, 2015.

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