Heptathlon
Athletics Heptathlon | |
---|---|
Heptathletes at Beijing 2008 | |
Women's records | |
World | Jackie Joyner-Kersee 7291 pts (1988) |
Olympic | Jackie Joyner-Kersee 7291 pts (1988) |
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events.[1] The name derives from the Greek hepta (seven) and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "feat"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.
There are two heptathlons – the women's heptathlon and the men's – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is held indoors, while the women's is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984.
Women's heptathlon
Women's heptathlon is the combined event for women contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the IAAF World Championships. The IAAF Combined Events Challenge determines a yearly women's heptathlon champion. The women's outdoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and the remaining three on day two:
The heptathlon has been contested by female athletes since the early 1980s, when it replaced the pentathlon as the primary women's combined event contest (the javelin throw and 800 m were added). It was first contested at the Olympic level in the 1984 Summer Olympics. In recent years some women's decathlon competitions have been conducted, consisting of the same events as the men's competition in a slightly different order, and the IAAF has begun keeping records for it, but the heptathlon remains the championship-level combined event for women. Nafissatou Thiam, representing Belgium, is the 2016 Olympic Gold Medallist and the 2017 World Champion.
There is also a Tetradecathlon, which is a double heptathlon, consisting of 14 events, seven events per day.
Points system
The heptathlon scoring system was devised by Dr Karl Ulbrich, a Viennese mathematician. The formulae are constructed so that, for each event, a designated "standard" performance (for example, approximately 1.82 m for the high jump) scores 1000 points.[2] Each event also has a minimum recordable performance level (e.g. 0.75 m for the high jump), corresponding to zero points. The formulae are devised so that successive constant increments in performance correspond to gradually increasing increments in points awarded.
Event | a | b | c |
---|---|---|---|
200 metres | 4.99087 | 42.5 | 1.81 |
800 metres | 0.11193 | 254 | 1.88 |
100 metres hurdles | 9.23076 | 26.7 | 1.835 |
High jump | 1.84523 | 75.0 | 1.348 |
Long jump | 0.188807 | 210 | 1.41 |
Shot put | 56.0211 | 1.50 | 1.05 |
Javelin throw | 15.9803 | 3.80 | 1.04 |
The events are split into three groups, and the scores are calculated according to the three formulae:[3]
- Running events (200 m, 800 m and 100 m hurdles):
- Jumping events (high jump and long jump):
- Throwing events (shot put and javelin):
P is for points, T is for time in seconds, M is for height or length in centimeters and D is length in meters. a, b and c have different values for each of the events (see table).
Benchmarks
The following table shows the benchmark levels needed to earn 1000, 900, 800 and 700 points in each event.
Event | 1000 pts | 900 pts | 800 pts | 700 pts | Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 m hurdles | 13.85 | 14.56 | 15.32 | 16.12 | Seconds |
High jump | 1.82 | 1.74 | 1.66 | 1.57 | Metres |
Shot put | 17.07 | 15.58 | 14.09 | 12.58 | Metres |
200 m | 23.80 | 24.86 | 25.97 | 27.14 | Seconds |
Long jump | 6.48 | 6.17 | 5.84 | 5.50 | Metres |
Javelin throw | 57.18 | 52.04 | 46.87 | 41.68 | Metres |
800 m | 2:07.63 | 2:14.52 | 2:21.77 | 2:29.47 | Minutes |
Women's world records compared with heptathlon bests
Event | Type | Athlete | Record | Score | Percentage /Points difference | Notes/Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 m hurdles | ||||||
WR | Kendra Harrison | 12.20 s | 1248 | 97.29% | ||
HB | Jessica Ennis | 12.54 s | 1195 | −53 | [4] | |
High jump | ||||||
WR | Stefka Kostadinova | 2.09 m | 1359 | 94.74% | ||
HB | Nafissatou Thiam Katarina Johnson-Thompson | 1.98 m | 1211 | −148 | ||
Shot put | ||||||
WR | Natalya Lisovskaya | 22.63 m | 1378 | 76.49% | ||
HB | Austra Skujytė | 17.31 m | 1016 | −362 | [5] | |
200 m | ||||||
WR | Florence Griffith Joyner | 21.34 s | 1251 | 95.70% | ||
HB | Jackie Joyner Kersee | 22.30 s | 1150 | −101 | ||
Long jump | ||||||
WR | Galina Chistyakova | 7.52 m | 1351 | 96.68% | ||
HB | Jackie Joyner Kersee | 7.27 m | 1264 | −87 | ||
Javelin[note 1] | ||||||
WR | Barbora Špotáková | 72.28 m | 1295 | 84.26% | current 1999 model | |
HB | Barbora Špotáková | 60.90 m | 1072 | −223 | current 1999 model[6] | |
WR | Petra Felke | 80.00 m | 1448 | 80.80% | old model | |
HB | Tessa Sanderson | 64.64 m | 1145 | −303 | old model | |
800 m | ||||||
WR | Jarmila Kratochvílová | 1:53.28 min:s | 1224 | 92.97% | ||
HB | Nadine Debois | 2:01.84 min:s | 1087 | −137 | ||
Total | World record | 9106 | ||||
Heptathlon bests | 7982 | −1124 |
Men's heptathlon
The other version is an indoor competition, normally contested by men only. It is the men's combined event in the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The men's indoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and remaining three on day two:
The scoring is similar for both versions. In each event, the athlete scores points for his/her performance in each event according to scoring tables issued by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).[7] The athlete accumulating the highest number of points wins the competition.
Benchmarks
The following table shows the minimum benchmark levels required to earn 1000 points in each event of the heptathlon:
Event | Required for 1000pts | Units |
---|---|---|
60 m | 6.68 | Seconds |
Long jump | 7.76 | Metres |
Shot put | 18.40 | Metres |
High jump | 2.21 | Metres |
60 m hurdles | 7.69 | Seconds |
Pole vault | 5.29 | Metres |
1000 m | 149.00 | Seconds |
Men's world records compared with heptathlon bests
Event | Type | Athlete | Record | Score | Difference in points scored | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
60 m | ||||||
WR | Maurice Greene | 6.39 s | 1111 | |||
HB | Chris Huffins | 6.61 s | 1026 | −85 | ||
Long jump | ||||||
WR | Mike Powell | 8.95 m | 1312 | |||
HB | Ashton Eaton | 8.16 m | 1102 | −166 | [8] | |
Shot put | ||||||
WR | Randy Barnes | 22.66 m | 1266 | |||
HB | Aleksey Drozdov | 17.17 m | 924 | −342 | ||
High jump | ||||||
WR | Javier Sotomayor | 2.43 m | 1223 | |||
HB | Derek Drouin | 2.30 m | 1091 | −132 | [9] | |
60 m hurdles | ||||||
WR | Colin Jackson | 7.30 s | 1101 | |||
HB | Ashton Eaton | 7.60 s | 1022 | −79 | ||
Pole vault | ||||||
WR | Renaud Lavillenie | 6.16 m | 1284 | |||
HB | Alex Averbukh | 5.60 m | 1100 | −184 | ||
1000 m | ||||||
WR | Wilson Kipketer | 2:14.96 | 1172 | |||
HB | Curtis Beach | 2:23.63 | 1064 | −108 | ||
Total | World record | 8425 | ||||
Heptathlon bests | 7329 | −1096 |
All-time top 25 athletes
Women
- Correct as of May 2017[10]
Rank | Score | Athlete | Venue | Date | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 7291 | Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) | Seoul | 23–24 September 1988 | |
2 | 7032 | Carolina Klüft (SWE) | Osaka | 25–26 August 2007 | |
3 | 7013 | Nafissatou Thiam (BEL) | Götzis | 27–28 May 2017 | [11] |
4 | 7007 | Larisa Nikitina (URS) | Bryansk | 10–11 June 1989 | |
5 | 6985 | Sabine Braun (GER) | Götzis | 30–31 May 1992 | |
6 | 6955 | Jessica Ennis (GBR) | London | 3–4 August 2012 | |
7 | 6946 | Sabine Paetz (GDR) | Potsdam | 5–6 May 1984 | |
8 | 6942 | Ghada Shouaa (SYR) | Götzis | 25–26 May 1996 | |
9 | 6935 | Ramona Neubert (GDR) | Moscow | 18–19 June 1983 | |
10 | 6889 | Eunice Barber (FRA) | Arles | 4–5 June 2005 | |
11 | 6859 | Natalya Shubenkova (URS) | Kiev | 20–21 June 1984 | |
12 | 6858 | Anke Behmer (GDR) | Seoul | 23–24 September 1988 | |
13 | 6847 | Irina Belova (RUS) | Barcelona | 1–2 August 1992 | |
14 | 6836 | Carolin Schäfer (GER) | Götzis | 27–28 May 2017 | [12] |
15 | 6832 | Lyudmila Blonska (UKR) | Osaka | 25–26 August 2007 | |
16 | 6831 | Denise Lewis (GBR) | Götzis | 29–30 July 2000 | |
17 | 6815 | Laura Ikauniece-Admidiņa (LAT) | Götzis | 27–28 May 2017 | [13] |
18 | 6808 | Brianne Theisen-Eaton (CAN) | Götzis | 30–31 May 2015 | |
19 | 6803 | Jane Frederick (USA) | Talence | 15–16 September 1984 | |
20 | 6778 | Nataliya Dobrynska (UKR) | Barcelona | 30–31 July 2010 | |
21 | 6765 | Yelena Prokhorova (RUS) | Tula | 22–23 July 2000 | |
22 | 6750 | Ma Miaolan (CHN) | Beijing | 11–12 September 1993 | |
23 | 6741 | Heike Drechsler (GER) | Talence | 10–11 September 1994 | |
24 | 6735 | Hyleas Fountain (USA) | Des Moines | 25–26 June 2010 | |
25 | 6703 | Tatyana Blokhina (RUS) | Talence | 10–11 September 1993 |
Notes
The following athletes have had their performances (inside 6702) annulled due to doping offense:
Score | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6880 | Tatyana Chernova | Russia | 29–30 August 2011 | Daegu | [14] |
Below is a list of all other scores equal or superior to 6875 pts:
- Jackie Joyner-Kersee also scored 7215 (1988), 7158 (1986), 7148 (1986), 7128 (1987), 7044 (1992), 6979 (1987), 6910 (1986), 6878 (1991).
- Carolina Klüft also scored 7001 (2003), 6952 (2004), 6887 (2005).
- Jessica Ennis also scored 6906 (2012).
- Sabine John (Paetz) also scored 6897 (1988).
- Larisa Nikitina also scored 6875 (1989).
Men
- As of March 2017[15]
Rank | Score | Athlete | Date | Location | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6645 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | 9–10 March 2012 | Istanbul | |
2 | 6479 | Kevin Mayer (FRA) | 4–5 March 2017 | Belgrade | [16] |
3 | 6476 | Dan O'Brien (USA) | 13–14 March 1993 | Toronto | |
4 | 6438 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | 6–7 March 2004 | Budapest | |
5 | 6424 | Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) | 25–26 February 2000 | Ghent | |
6 | 6418 | Christian Plaziat (FRA) | 28–29 February 1992 | Genoa | |
7 | 6415 | Sebastian Chmara (POL) | 28 February–1 March 1998 | Valencia | |
8 | 6412 | Lev Lobodin (RUS) | 7–8 February 2003 | Moscow | |
9 | 6374 | Erki Nool (EST) | 6–7 March 1999 | Maebashi | |
10 | 6372 | Eelco Sintnicolaas (NED) | 2–3 March 2013 | Gothenburg | |
11 | 6371 | Bryan Clay (USA) | 8–9 March 2008 | Valencia | |
12 | 6362 | Mikk Pahapill (EST) | 7-8 March 2009 | Turin | |
13 | 6361 | Tom Pappas (USA) | 15-16 March 2003 | Birmingham | |
14 | 6353 | Ilya Shkurenev (RUS) | 7-8 March 2015 | Prague | |
15 | 6303 | Andrei Krauchanka (BLR) | 7-8 March 2014 | Sopot | |
16 | 6300 | Aleksey Drozdov (RUS) | 12-13 March 2010 | Penza | |
17 | 6293 | Jón Arnar Magnússon (ISL) | 6-7 March 1999 | Maebashi | |
18 | 6291 | Frank Busemann (GER) | 2-3 February 2002 | Tallinn | |
19 | 6279 | Mike Smith (CAN) | 13-14 March 1993 | Toronto | |
Arthur Abele (GER) | 7-8 March 2015 | Prague | |||
21 | 6273 | Jeremy Taiwo (USA) | 27-28 February 2015 | Boston | |
22 | 6259 | Thomas van der Plaetsen (BEL) | 7-8 March 2014 | Sopot | |
23 | 6254 | Oleksiy Kasyanov (UKR) | 30-31 January 2010 | Zaporizhia | |
24 | 6249 | Dezsö Szabó (HUN) | 28 February-1 March 1998 | Valencia | |
Jorge Ureña (ESP) | 28–29 January 2017 | Prague | [17] |
Below is a list of all other scores equal or superior to 6319 pts:
- Ashton Eaton also scored 6632 (2014), 6568 (2011), 6499 (2010), 6470 (2016).
- Roman Šebrle also scored 6420 (2001), 6358 (2000), 6350 (2004), 6319 (1999).
- Sebastian Chmara also scored 6386 (1999).
- Bryan Clay also scored 6365 (2004).
- Eelco Sintnicolaas also scored 6341 (2013).
Medalists
Women's Olympic medalists
Women's World Championships medalists
Men's World Indoor Championships medalists
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1995 Barcelona |
Christian Plaziat (FRA) | Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) | Henrik Dagård (SWE) |
1997 Paris |
Robert Změlík (CZE) | Erki Nool (EST) | Jón Magnússon (ISL) |
1999 Maebashi |
Sebastian Chmara (POL) | Erki Nool (EST) | Roman Šebrle (CZE) |
2001 Lisbon |
Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Jón Magnússon (ISL) | Lev Lobodin (RUS) |
2003 Birmingham |
Tom Pappas (USA) | Lev Lobodin (RUS) | Roman Šebrle (CZE) |
2004 Budapest |
Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Bryan Clay (USA) | Lev Lobodin (RUS) |
2006 Moscow |
André Niklaus (GER) | Bryan Clay (USA) | Roman Šebrle (CZE) |
2008 Valencia |
Bryan Clay (USA) | Andrei Krauchanka (BLR) | Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ) |
2010 Doha |
Bryan Clay (USA) | Trey Hardee (USA) | Aleksey Drozdov (RUS) |
2012 Istanbul |
Ashton Eaton (USA) | Oleksiy Kasyanov (UKR) | Artem Lukyanenko (RUS) |
2014 Sopot |
Ashton Eaton (USA) | Andrei Krauchanka (BLR) | Thomas van der Plaetsen (BEL) |
2016 Portland |
Ashton Eaton (USA) | Oleksiy Kasyanov (UKR) | Mathias Brugger (GER) |
Season's bests
Women's heptathlon
Men's indoor heptathlon
Year | Score | Athlete | Location |
---|---|---|---|
1999 | 6386 | Sebastian Chmara (POL) | Maebashi |
2000 | 6424 | Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) | Ghent |
2001 | 6420 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Lisbon |
2002 | 6291 | Frank Busemann (GER) | Tallinn |
2003 | 6412 | Lev Lobodin (RUS) | Moscow |
2004 | 6438 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Budapest |
2005 | 6232 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Madrid |
2006 | 6229 | Aleksandr Pogorelov (RUS) | Moscow |
2007 | 6196 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Birmingham |
2008 | 6371 | Bryan Clay (USA) | Valencia |
2009 | 6362 | Mikk Pahapill (EST) | Turin |
2010 | 6499 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Fayetteville |
2011 | 6568 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Tallinn |
2012 | 6645 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Istanbul |
2013 | 6372 | Eelco Sintnicolaas (NED) | Gothenburg |
2014 | 6632 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Sopot |
2015 | 6353 | Ilya Shkurenyov (RUS) | Prague |
2016 | 6470 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Portland |
2017 | 6479 | Kevin Mayer (FRA) | Belgrade |
National records
Women's heptathlon
Score | Nation | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
7291 | United States | Jackie Joyner-Kersee | 1988-09-24 | Seoul | |
7032 | Sweden | Carolina Klüft | 2007-08-26 | Osaka | |
7013 | Belgium | Nafissatou Thiam | 27–28 May 2017 | Götzis | [18] |
7007 | Russia | Larisa Nikitina | 1989-06-11 | Bryansk | |
6985 | Germany | Sabine Braun | 1992-05-31 | Götzis | |
6955 | United Kingdom | Jessica Ennis | 2012-08-04 | London | |
6942 | Syria | Ghada Shouaa | 1996-05-26 | Götzis | |
6889 | France | Eunice Barber | 2005-06-05 | Arles | |
6832 | Ukraine | Lyudmyla Blonska | 2007-08-26 | Osaka | |
6815 | Latvia | Laura Ikauniece-Admidiņa | 27–28 May 2017 | Götzis | [19] |
6808 | Canada | Brianne Theisen-Eaton | 30–31 May 2015 | Götzis | [20] |
6750 | China | Ma Miaolan | 1993-09-12 | Beijing | |
6695 | Australia | Jane Flemming | 1990-01-28 | Auckland | |
6658 | Bulgaria | Svetla Dimitrova | 1992-05-31 | Götzis | |
6636 | Netherlands | Anouk Vetter | 5–6 August 2017 | London | [21] |
6635 | Belarus | Svetlana Buraga | 1993-08-18 | Stuttgart | |
6619 | Romania | Liliana Nastase | 1992-08-02 | Barcelona | |
6616 | Poland | Małgorzata Nowak | 1985-08-31 | Kobe | |
6604 | Lithuania | Remigija Nazaroviene | 1989-06-11 | Bryansk | |
6594 | Cuba | Yorgelis Rodríguez | 5–6 August 2017 | London | [22] |
6573 | Hungary | Rita Ináncsi | 1994-05-29 | Götzis | |
6527 | Jamaica | Diane Guthrie-Gresham | 1995-06-03 | Knoxville | |
6460 | Czech Republic | Eliška Klučinová | 14–15 June 2014 | Kladno | [23] |
6423 | Ghana | Margaret Simpson | 2005-05-29 | Götzis | |
6417 | Austria | Ivona Dadic | 5–6 August 2017 | London | [24] |
6416 | Sierra Leone | Eunice Barber | 1996-09-15 | Talence | |
6404 | Finland | Satu Ruotsalainen | 1991-08-27 | Tokyo | |
6392 | Algeria | Yasmina Azzizi | 1991-08-27 | Tokyo | |
6371 | Soviet Union | Vera Yurchenko | 1987-09-20 | Lvov | |
6371 | Barbados | Akela Jones | 10–11 June 2015 | Eugene | [25] |
6357 | Switzerland | Géraldine Ruckstuhl | 20–21 July 2017 | Grosseto | [26] |
6280 | Estonia | Grit Šadeiko | 27–28 May 2017 | Götzis | [27] |
6278 | New Zealand | Joanne Henry | 1992-03-01 | Auckland | |
6270 | Colombia | Evelys Aguilar | 25–26 June 2016 | Cali | [28] |
6235 | Greece | Aryiro Strataki | 27–28 May 2006 | Götzis | |
6230 | Portugal | Naide Gomes | 2005-07-17 | Logroño | |
6230 | Burkina Faso | Marthe Koala | 17–18 June 2017 | Kladno | [29] |
6226 | Norway | Ida Marcusen | 2007-08-26 | Osaka | |
6211 | India | Javur Jagadeeshappa Shobha | 17 March 2004 | New Delhi | |
6188 | Brazil | Vanessa Spinola | 2–3 July 2016 | São Bernardo do Campo | [30] |
6185 | Italy | Gertrud Bacher | 9 May 1999 | Desenzano del Garda | |
6153 | Nigeria | Uhunoma Osazuwa | 24–25 June 2016 | Durban | [31] |
6131 | Benin | Odile Ahouanwanou | 17–18 June 2017 | Kladno | [32] |
6124 | Puerto Rico | Alysbeth Felix | 25–26 June 2016 | Cali | [33] |
6103 | Slovakia | Lucia Slanicková | 17–18 June 2017 | Kladno | [34] |
6050 | Saint Lucia | Makeba Alcide | 6–7 June 2013 | Eugene | [35] |
6031 | Israel | Svetlana Gnezdilov | 12–13 August 2003 | Tel Aviv | |
5962 | Japan | Yuki Nakata | 4–5 June 2004 | Tottori | |
5886 A | Paraguay | Anna Camila Pirelli | 25–26 June 2016 | Cali | [36] |
5860 | Spain | María Peinado Laura Ginés |
2002-07-14 2012-07-03 |
Castellón Barcelona |
[37] |
5817 | Cameroon | Anaelle Nyabeu Djapa | 24–25 May 2014 | Arona | [38] |
5815 | Argentina | Fiorella Chiappe | 4–5 March 2017 | Buenos Aires | [39] |
5801 | Ireland | Elizabeth Morland | 20–21 July 2017 | Grosseto | [40] |
5786 | Mexico | Jessamyn Sauceda | 24–25 July 2015 | Toronto | [41] |
5658 | Tunisia | Nada Chroudi | 16–17 March 2016 | Radès | |
5622 | Venezuela | Thaimara Rivas | 20–21 June 2003 9–10 June 2012 |
Barquisimeto | [42] |
5611 | Croatia | Lucija Cvitanović | 12–13 May 2016 | Orlando | [43] |
5555 | Egypt | Houda Mohamed Atef | 24–25 June 2016 | Durban | [44] |
5443 | Liberia | Maya Neal | 11–12 May 2017 | Columbia | [45] |
5400 | Bermuda | Shianne Smith | 1–2 May 2015 | Aubagne | [46] |
5382 | Indonesia | Emilia Nova | 22–23 September 2016 | Bogor | [47] |
5346 | Philippines | Elma Muros-Posadas | 13–14 December 1998 | Bangkok | |
5221 | Papua New Guinea | Adrine Monagi | 15–16 March 2017 | San Angelo | [48] |
5175 | Malaysia | Zaiton Othman | 10–11 December 1981 | Manila | |
5020 | Peru | Melissa Arana | 11–12 April 2015 | Asunción | [49] |
4844 | Namibia | Corlia Kruger | 24–25 April 2015 | Stellenbosch | [50] |
4817 | Belize | Katy Sealy | 17–18 June 2016 | San Salvador | [51] |
4652 | Dominica | Chelsea Linton | 17–18 May 2016 | Levelland | |
4464 | Anguilla | Dee-Anne Rogers | 10–11 July 2013 | Kazan | |
4547 | Sri Lanka | W.V. Lakshika Sugandhi | 9–10 July 2016 | Diyagama | [52] |
4352 | Aruba | Julianne Dorothal | 26–27 March 2016 | St. George's | [53] |
3881 | Laos | Manivanh Chanthavong | 11–12 June 2015 | Kallang | [54] |
3770 | Qatar | Fatima Mazaher Sassani | 14–15 March 2015 | Muscat | |
3561 | Kuwait | Salsabeel Khaled Al-Sayyar | 14–15 March 2015 | Muscat | |
3484 | Oman | Heba Hamood Al-Asimi | 14–15 March 2015 | Muscat | |
3116 | Turks and Caicos Islands | Sanadia Forbes | 4–5 April 2015 | Basseterre | |
2665 | Gabon | Karnella Anguezomo Mintsa | 17–18 April 2015 | Bourges |
See also
Other multiple event contests include:
- Biathlon
- Duathlon
- Triathlon
- Quadrathlon
- Pentathlon
- Modern pentathlon
- Hexathlon (primarily a youth or junior event)
- Octathlon (primarily a youth or junior event although logistical problems have seen senior octathlons contested, for example at the 2007 South Pacific Games)
- Decathlon
- Biathle
- Chess-boxing
Notes
Notes and references
- ↑ "Heptathlon – Definition". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
- ↑ "London 2012: Jessica Ennis leads heptathlon after first day", The Guardian, 3 August 2012
- ↑ "IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events" (PDF). IAAF. April 2004. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
- ↑ "Women's Heptathlon 100 Metres Hurdles Results". IAAF. August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
- ↑ "Women's Heptathlon Shot Put Results". IAAF. August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
- ↑ Hans van Kuijen (September 16, 2012). "Van Alphen and Yosypenko prevail in Talence – IAAF Combined Events Challenge". IAAF. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
- ↑ Archived September 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Long Jump Results" (PDF). IAAF. March 9, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 27, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
- ↑ Krajewski, Casey (February 22, 2013). "Drouin Jumps to World Record in Heptathlon". Indiana Daily Student. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
- ↑ Heptathlon – women – senior – outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
- ↑ Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ↑ Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ↑ Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ↑ Sean Ingle (29 November 2016). "Jessica Ennis-Hill set to be awarded 2011 gold after Chernova is stripped of world title". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
- ↑ Heptathlon – men – senior – indoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
- ↑ "Men's Heptathlon Results". European Athletics. 5 March 2017.
- ↑ Steven Mills (January 29, 2017). "Braz wins clash of the global champions in Rouen, Loxsom breaks 600m world best - indoor round-up". IAAF. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
- ↑ Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ↑ Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ↑ Diego Sampaolo (31 May 2015). "Kazmirek and Theisen Eaton triumph in Gotzis". IAAF. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
- ↑ Michal Osoba (15 June 2014). "Special K day! Kasyanov and Klucinova triumph in Kladno – IAAF Combined Events Challenge". IAAF. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results". ncaa.com. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). EAA. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
- ↑ "Grit Šadeiko püstitas Götzise seitsmevõistlusel uue Eesti rekordi, Õiglane alistas 8000 punkti piiri (76)". delfi.ee (in Estonian). 28 May 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ↑ "Gran Prix Internacional "Valle Oro Puro" – Hetpathlon Results" (PDF). FECODATLE. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ↑ Michal Osoba (18 June 2017). "Cachova and Bourrada victorious at TNT Express meeting in Kladno". IAAF. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ↑ Eduardo Biscayart (3 July 2016). "Murer soars over South American record of 4.87m at Brazilian Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
- ↑ Wesley Botton (25 June 2016). "Aprot takes African 10,000m title". IAAF. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ Michal Osoba (18 June 2017). "Cachova and Bourrada victorious at TNT Express meeting in Kladno". IAAF. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ↑ "Gran Prix Internacional "Valle Oro Puro" – Hetpathlon Results" (PDF). FECODATLE. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ↑ Michal Osoba (18 June 2017). "Cachova and Bourrada victorious at TNT Express meeting in Kladno". IAAF. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results". www.flashresults.com. 7 June 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
- ↑ "Gran Prix Internacional "Valle Oro Puro" – Heptathlon Results" (PDF). FECODATLE. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ↑ "AIRE LIBRE – Récords de España Absolutos – MUJERES". May 4, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results". www.atletismocanario.es. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ↑ "Fiorella Chiappe consigue el récord de Argentina de heptatlon" (in Spanish). somosatletismo.com. 6 March 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). EAA. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). results.toronto2015.org. 25 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- ↑ Gómez Chirinos, Ricardo (June 4, 2010). "Milangela Rosales rompió record nacional en los 10 mil metros marcha.." (in Spanish). www.feveatletismo.org. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
- ↑ "The American Championships 2016 Results". tilastopaja.org. 13 May 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
- ↑ "African Championships, Durban (South Africa) 22-26/06/2016 Results". africathle.com. 25 June 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results". tfrrs.org. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- ↑ Stephen Wright (5 May 2015). "Smith off to a flyer". royalgazette.com. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
- ↑ "Bogor (Indonesia), 22-28.9.2016 -National Games-". trackinsun.blogspot.de. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- ↑ "National Record". sportstg.com. 19 March 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ↑ "En el GP de Combinadas de Asuncion, Paraguay Melissa Arana (PER) batió el Récord de Heptatlon con 5.020 puntos" (in Spanish). FDPA. April 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
- ↑ "Simbine, Palframan, Mokoka, Mzazi, Cumming, Engelbrecht sparkle as Chabangu sets SA Junior record-USSA championship". africanathletics.org. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
- ↑ "2016 Central American Championships in Athletics Results" (PDF). CADICA. 19 June 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- ↑ "Manjula Kumara wins ‘Best Athlete’ for sixth time". sports.dailymirror.lk. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results". cfpitiming.com. 27 March 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
- ↑ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). seagames2015.com. June 12, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
External links
- National Records
- IAAF combined events scoring tables and explanation
- IAAF list of heptathlon records in XML
- Heptathlon all-time list
- Heptathlon points counter (in Finnish)