IAAF World Half Marathon Championships

The IAAF World Half Marathon Championships is an annual half marathon competition organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations. It was contested from 1992 to 2005, and replaced by the IAAF World Road Running Championships, a 20 kilometres race which had its inaugural event held in 2006 in Debrecen, Hungary. After a second edition of the Road Running Championships, which was over the half marathon distance, it reverted to the original name of the World Half Marathon Championships.

Editions

Key
  Editions in blue were held as World Half Marathon Championships
  Editions in gold were held as World Road Running Championships
Year Edition City Country Date No. of athletes No. of nations
1992 1st () Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom 19–20 September 204 36
1993 2nd () Brussels Belgium 3 October 254 49
1994 3rd () Oslo Norway 24 September 215 47
1995 4th () MontbéliardBelfort France 1 October 247 54
1996 5th () Palma de Mallorca Spain 29 September 209 53
1997 6th () Košice Slovakia 3 October 228 45
1998 7th () Zürich Switzerland 27 September 236 54
1999 8th () Palermo Italy 3 October 193 48
2000 9th () Veracruz Mexico 12 November 182 52
2001 10th () Bristol United Kingdom 7 October 202 52
2002 11th () Brussels Belgium 5 May 201 60
2003 12th () Vilamoura Portugal 4 October 171 49
2004 13th () New Delhi India 3 October 152 55
2005 14th () Edmonton Canada 1 October 156 43
2006 15th () Debrecen Hungary 8 October 141 42 (20 km race)
2007 16th () Udine Italy 14 October 148 41
2008 17th () Rio de Janeiro Brazil 12 October 157 43
2009 18th () Birmingham United Kingdom 11 October 158 39
2010 19th () Nanning China 16 October 123 30
2012 20th () Kavarna[1] Bulgaria 6 October 147 42
2014 21st () Copenhagen[2] Denmark 29 March 201 56
2016 22nd () Cardiff United Kingdom 26 March 174 49
2018 23rd () Valencia Spain TBD TBD TBD

History

The IAAF World Half Marathon Championships was first held in 1992. It comprised three races: the men's race, the women's race and the junior men's race. Furthermore, a team competition was held in each category, with the winners being decided by combining the performances of a country's top three finishers. The country with the lowest aggregate time won the team competition. The junior men's race was held in only the first and second editions, and was removed from the programme from 1994 onwards.

The competition went largely unchanged until 2006, when the competition was renamed as the IAAF World Road Running Championships. Aside from the name change, the significant difference was the distance of the race, changing from a half marathon to a 20 kilometres road race. The 20 km race featured only at the 2006 edition, and the half marathon distance returned for the 2007 World Road Running Championships.

On 29 November 2007, the IAAF announced that the name of the competition would revert to its original title of the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships, beginning with the 2008 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 12 October 2008.[3][4]

This competition should not to be confused with the IAAF World Women's Road Race Championships which were run from 1983 to 1991, or the IAAF World Road Relay Championships which took place between 1992 and 1998.

Competition format

The competition is generally held every October. Runners compete on public roads which have been closed off to traffic specifically for the event. Prize money varies from US$30,000 to US$3000.

Records

Medalists

Key
  Medallists in gold won at the World Road Running Championships

Men

Individual

Year Gold Silver Bronze
1992  Benson Masya (KEN) 1:00:24  Antonio Silio (ARG) 1:00:40  Boay Akonay (TAN) 1:00:45
1993  Vincent Rousseau (BEL) 1:01:06  Steve Moneghetti (AUS) 1:01:10  Carl Thackery (GBR) 1:01:13
1994  Khalid Skah (MAR) 1:00:27  Germán Silva (MEX) 1:00:28  Ronaldo da Costa (BRA) 1:00:54
1995  Moses Tanui (KEN) 1:01:45  Paul Yego (KEN) 1:01:46  Charles Tangus (KEN) 1:01:50
1996  Stefano Baldini (ITA) 1:01:17  Josephat Kiprono (KEN) 1:01:30  Tendai Chimusasa (ZIM) 1:02:00
1997  Shem Kororia (KEN) 59:56 CR  Moses Tanui (KEN) 59:58  Kenneth Cheruiyot (KEN) 1:00:00
1998  Paul Koech (KEN) 1:00:01  Hendrick Ramaala (RSA) 1:00:24  Khalid Skah (MAR) 1:00:24
1999  Paul Tergat (KEN) 1:01:50  Hendrick Ramaala (RSA) 1:01:50  Tesfaye Jifar (ETH) 1:01:51
2000  Paul Tergat (KEN) 1:03:47  Phaustin Baha Sulle (TAN) 1:03:48  Tesfaye Jifar (ETH) 1:03:50
2001  Haile Gebrselassie (ETH) 1:00:03  Tesfaye Jifar (ETH) 1:00:04  John Yuda Msuri (TAN) 1:00:12
2002  Paul Malakwen Kosgei (KEN) 1:00:39  Jaouad Gharib (MAR) 1:00:42  John Yuda Msuri (TAN) 1:00:57
2003  Martin Lel (KEN) 1:00:49  Fabiano Joseph Naasi (TAN) 1:00:52  Martin Sulle (TAN) 1:00:56
2004  Paul Kirui (KEN) 1:02:15  Fabiano Joseph Naasi (TAN) 1:02:31  Abdullah Ahmad Hassan (QAT) 1:02:36
2005  Fabiano Joseph Naasi (TAN) 1:01:08  Mubarak Hassan Shami (QAT) 1:01:09  Yonas Kifle (ERI) 1:01:13
2006 (20 km)  Zersenay Tadese (ERI) 56:01  Robert Kipkorir Kipchumba (KEN) 56:41  Wilson Kebenei (KEN) 57:15
2007  Zersenay Tadese (ERI) 58:59  Patrick Makau (KEN) 59:02  Evans Kiprop Cheruiyot (KEN) 59:05
2008  Zersenay Tadese (ERI) 59:56 =CR  Patrick Makau Musyoki (KEN) 1:01:54  Ahmad Hassan Abdullah (QAT) 1:01:57
2009  Zersenay Tadese (ERI) 59:35 CR  Bernard Kipyego (KEN) 59:59  Dathan Ritzenhein (USA) 1:00:00
2010  Wilson Kiprop (KEN) 1:00:07  Zersenay Tadese (ERI) 1:00:11  Sammy Kitwara (KEN) 1:00:22
2012  Zersenay Tadese (ERI) 1:00:19  Deressa Chimsa (ETH) 1:00:51  John Nzau Mwangangi (KEN) 1:01:01
2014  Geoffrey Kamworor (KEN) 59:08 CR  Samuel Tsegay (ERI) 59:21  Guye Adola (ETH) 59:21
2016  Geoffrey Kamworor (KEN) 59:10  Bedan Karoki (KEN) 59:36  Mo Farah (GBR) 59:59

Team competition

Year Gold Silver Bronze
1992  Kenya
Benson Masya
Lameck Aguta
Joseph Keino
3:02:25  United Kingdom
Dave Lewis
Paul Evans
Carl Thackery
3:04:54  Brazil
Artur Castro
Ronaldo da Costa
Delmir dos Santos
3:05:56
1993  Kenya
Lameck Aguta
Thomas Osano
Joseph Cheromei
3:05:40  Australia
Steve Moneghetti
John Andrews
Pat Carroll
3:05:43  United Kingdom
Carl Thackery
Mark Flint
Dave Lewis
3:06:10
1994  Kenya
Godfrey Kiprotich
Shem Kororia
Andrew Masai
3:03:36  Mexico
Germán Silva
Martín Pitayo
Benjamín Paredes
3:03:47  Morocco
Khalid Skah
Salah Hissou
Abdelkadir Mouaziz
3:05:58
1995  Kenya
Moses Tanui
Paul Yego
Charles Tangus
3:05:21  Spain
Antonio Serrano
Bartolomé Serrano
Pablo Sierra
3:07:51  Italy
Vincenzo Modica
Danilo Goffi
Giacomo Leone
3:08:31
1996  Italy
Stefano Baldini
Giacomo Leone
Vincenzo Modica
3:07:42  Spain
Carlos de la Torre
Alejandro Gómez
José Manuel García
3:08:36  Japan
Toshiyuki Hayata
Masatoshi Ibata
Katsuhiko Hanada
3:08:43
1997  Kenya
Shem Kororia
Moses Tanui
Kenneth Cheruiyot
2:59:54 CR  South Africa
Hendrick Ramaala
Gert Thys
Makhosonke Fika
3:03:34  Ethiopia
Abraham Assefa
Lemma Alemayehu
Tesfaye Tola
3:03:46
1998  South Africa
Hendrick Ramaala
Gert Thys
Abner Chipu
3:02:21  Kenya
Paul Koech
Shem Kororia
John Gwako
3:03:07  Ethiopia
Ibrahim Seid
Girma Alemayehu
Addis Abebe
3:05:18
1999  South Africa
Hendrick Ramaala
Abner Chipu
Mluleki Nobanda
3:06:01  Ethiopia
Tesfaye Jifar
Tesfaye Tola
Fekadu Degefu
3:06:03  Kenya
Paul Tergat
Laban Chege
Sammy Korir
3:06:03
2000  Kenya
Paul Tergat
Joseph Kimani
David Ruto
3:11:38  Ethiopia
Tesfaye Jifar
Ibrahim Seid
Gemechu Kebede
3:14:45  Belgium
Koen Allaert
Guy Fays
Christian Nemeth
3:18:35
2001  Ethiopia
Haile Gebrselassie
Tesfaye Jifar
Tesfaye Tola
3:00:31  Kenya
Evans Rutto
Peter Kiplagat Chebet
Chris Cheboiboch
3:02:53  Tanzania
John Yuda
Phaustin Baha Sulle
Benedict Ako
3:05:08
2002  Kenya
Paul Malakwen Kosgei
Charles Kamathi
Paul Kirui
3:00:31  Japan
Atsushi Sato
Toshihide Kat
Kurao Umeki
3:02:53  Ethiopia
Tesfaye Jifa
Amebesse Tolossa
Worku Bikila
3:05:08
2003  Tanzania
Fabiano Joseph Naasi
Martin Sulle
John Yuda
3:03:01  Kenya
Martin Lel
John Cheruiyot Korir
Yusuf Songoka
3:03:09  Ethiopia
Tesfaye Tola
Dereje Adere
Mesfin Hailu
3:07:34
2004  Kenya
Paul Kirui
John Cheruiyot Korir
Wilson Kiprotich Kebenei
3:07:55  Ethiopia
Solomon Tsige
Alene Emere
Berhanu Addane
3:08:37  Uganda
Wilson Busienei
Martin Toroitich
Joseph Nsubuga
3:13:48
2005  Ethiopia
Sileshi Sihine
Abebe Dinkesa
Lishan Yegezu
3:06:18  Eritrea
Yonas Kifle
Yared Asmerom
Tesfayohannes Mesfen
3:07:05  Japan
Kazuo Ietani
Takayuki Matsumiya
Takanobu Otsubo
3:08:30
2006 (20 km)  Kenya
Robert Kipchumba
Wilson Kiprotich Kebenei
Wilfred Taragon
2:51:18  Eritrea
Zersenay Tadese
Yonas Kifle
Tesfayohannes Mesfen
2:53:19  Ethiopia
Deriba Merga
Tadesse Tola
Demise Tsega
2:54:17
2007  Kenya
Patrick Makau
Evans Cheruiyot
Robert Kipchumba
2:58:54  Eritrea
Zersenay Tadese
Yonas Kifle
Michael Tesfay
2:59:08  Ethiopia
Deriba Merga
Assefa Raji
Tariku Jefar
3:01:15
2008  Kenya
Patrick Makau Musyoki
Stephen Kipkoech Kibiwott
Joseph Maregu
3:07:24  Eritrea
Zersenay Tadese
Michael Tesfay
Mogos Ahferom
3:09:40  Qatar
Ahmad Hassan Abdullah
Essa Ismail Rashed
Ali Dawoud Sedam
3:10:52
2009  Kenya
Bernard Kipyego
Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich
Wilson Kwambai Chebet
3:01:06  Eritrea
Zersenay Tadese
Samuel Tsegay
Adhanom Abraha
3:02:39  Ethiopia
Tilahun Regassa
Dereje Tesfaye
Abebe Negewo
3:06:42
2010  Kenya
Wilson Kiprop
Sammy Kitwara
Silas Kipruto
3:01:32  Eritrea
Zersenay Tadese
Samuel Tsegay
Tewelde Estifanos
3:03:04  Ethiopia
Lelisa Desisa
Birhanu Bekele
Asefa Mengstu
3:05:26
2012  Kenya
John Nzau Mwangangi
Pius Maiyo Kirop
Stephen Kosgei Kibet
3:03:52  Eritrea
Zersenay Tadese
Tewelde Estifanos
Kiflom Sium
3:04:41  Ethiopia
Deressa Chimsa
Belay Assefa
Habtamu Assefa
3:05:43
2014  Eritrea
Samuel Tsegay
Zersenay Tadese
Nguse Amlosom
2:58:59 CR  Kenya
Geoffrey Kipsang Kamworor
Wilson Kiprop
Kenneth Kiprop Kipkemoi
2:59:38  Ethiopia
Guye Adola
Adugna Takele
Bonsa Dida
3:00:48
2014  Kenya
Geoffrey Kipsang Kamworor
Bedan Karoki
Simon Cheprot
2:58:58 CR  Ethiopia
Abayneh Ayele
Tamirat Tola
Mule Wasihun
3:01:16  Eritrea
Abrar Osman
Nguse Amlosom
Hiskel Tewelde
3:06:18

Women

Individual

Year Gold Silver Bronze
1992  Liz McColgan (GBR) 1:08:53  Megumi Fujiwara (JPN) 1:09:21  Rosanna Munerotto (ITA) 1:09:38
1993  Conceição Ferreira (POR) 1:10:07  Mari Tanigawa (JPN) 1:10:09  Tegla Loroupe (KEN) 1:10:12
1994  Elana Meyer (RSA) 1:08:36 CR  Iulia Negura (ROU) 1:09:15  Anuţa Cătună (ROU) 1:09:35
1995  Valentina Yegorova (RUS) 1:09:58  Cristina Pomacu (ROU) 1:10:22  Anuţa Cătună (ROU) 1:10:28
1996  Ren Xiujuan (CHN) 1:10:39  Lidia Simon (ROU) 1:10:57  Aurica Buia (ROU) 1:11:01
1997  Tegla Loroupe (KEN) 1:08:14 CR  Cristina Pomacu (ROU) 1:08:43  Lidia Simon (ROU) 1:09:05
1998  Tegla Loroupe (KEN) 1:08:29  Elana Meyer (RSA) 1:08:32  Lidia Simon (ROU) 1:08:58
1999  Tegla Loroupe (KEN) 1:08:48  Mizuki Noguchi (JPN) 1:09:12  Catherine Ndereba (KEN) 1:09:23
2000  Paula Radcliffe (GBR) 1:09:07  Susan Chepkemei (KEN) 1:09:40  Lidia Simon (ROU) 1:10:24
2001  Paula Radcliffe (GBR) 1:06:47 CR  Susan Chepkemei (KEN) 1:07:36  Berhane Adere (ETH) 1:08:17
2002  Berhane Adere (ETH) 1:09:06  Susan Chepkemei (KEN) 1:09:13  Jeļena Prokopčuka (LAT) 1:09:15
2003  Paula Radcliffe (GBR) 1:07:35  Berhane Adere (ETH) 1:09:02  Benita Johnson (AUS) 1:09:26
2004  Sun Yingjie (CHN) 1:08:40  Lydia Cheromei (KEN) 1:09:00  Constantina Tomescu (ROU) 1:09:07
2005  Constantina Tomescu (ROU) 1:09:17  Lornah Kiplagat (NED) 1:10:19  Susan Chepkemei (KEN) 1:10:20
2006 (20 km)  Lornah Kiplagat (NED) 1:03:21 WR  Constantina Tomescu (ROU) 1:03:23  Rita Jeptoo (KEN) 1:03:47
2007  Lornah Kiplagat (NED) 1:06:25 WR  Mary Keitany (KEN) 1:06:48  Pamela Chepchumba (KEN) 1:08:06
2008  Lornah Kiplagat (NED) 1:08:37  Aselefech Mergia (ETH) 1:09:57  Pamela Chepchumba (KEN) 1:10:01
2009  Mary Keitany (KEN) 1:06:36 CR  Philes Ongori (KEN) 1:07:38  Aberu Kebede (ETH) 1:07:39
2010  Florence Kiplagat (KEN) 1:08:24  Dire Tune (ETH) 1:08:34  Peninah Arusei (KEN) 1:09:05
2012  Meseret Hailu (ETH) 1:08:55  Feyse Tadese (ETH) 1:08:56  Paskalia Chepkorir Kipkoech (KEN) 1:09:04
2014  Gladys Cherono (KEN) 1:07:29  Mary Wacera Ngugi (KEN) 1:07:44  Selly Chepyego Kaptich (KEN) 1:07:52
2016  Peres Jepchirchir (KEN) 1:07:31  Cynthia Jerotich Limo (KEN) 1:07:34  Mary Wacera Ngugi (KEN) 1:07:54

Team competition

Year Gold Silver Bronze
1992  Japan
Megumi Fujiwara
Miyoko Asahina
Eriko Asai
3:30:39  United Kingdom
Liz McColgan
Andrea Wallace
Suzanne Rigg
3:33:05  Romania
Anuţa Cătună
Iulia Negura
Aurica Buia
3:33:27
1993  Romania
Elena Murgoci
Anuţa Cătună
Iulia Negura
3:32:18  Japan
Mari Tanigawa
Miyoko Asahina
Akari Takemoto
3:32:22  Portugal
Conceição Ferreira
Albertina Machado
Rosa Oliveira
3:34:12
1994  Romania
Iulia Negura
Anuţa Cătună
Elena Fidatof
3:29:03 CR  Norway
Hilde Stavik
Brynhild Synstnes
Grete Kirkeberg
3:33:36  Japan
Mari Tanigawa
Mineko Watanabe
Yukari Komatsu
3:35:39
1995  Romania
Cristina Pomacu
Anuţa Cătună
Elena Fidatof
3:31:29  Russia
Valentina Yegorova
Alla Zhilyaeva
Firiya Sultanova
3:33:12  Spain
Ana Isabel Alonso
Rocío Ríos
Carmen Fuentes
3:34:26
1996  Romania
Lidia Simon
Aurica Buia
Nuţa Olaru
3:33:05  France
Christine Mallo
Zahia Dahmani
Muriel Linsolas
3:38:44  Italy
Lucilla Andreucci
Annalisa Scurti
Sonia Maccioni
3:41:28
1997  Romania
Cristina Pomacu
Lidia Simon
Nuţa Olaru
3:27:40 CR  Kenya
Tegla Loroupe
Joyce Chepchumba
Delilah Asiago
3:27:57  Japan
Mari Sotani
Noriko Geji
Hiromi Katayama
3:31:38
1998  Kenya
Tegla Loroupe
Joyce Chepchumba
Leah Malot
3:29:43  Romania
Lidia Simon
Cristina Pomacu
Constantina Dita
3:32:19  Spain
Julia Vaquero
María Luisa Larraga
Rocío Ríos
3:34:18
1999  Kenya
Tegla Loroupe
Catherine Ndereba
Joyce Chepchumba
3:27:40 =CR  Japan
Mizuki Noguchi
Reiko Tosa
Hiromi Katayama
3:30:06  Russia
Valentina Yegorova
Lyudmila Biktasheva
Alina Ivanova
3:31:49
2000  Romania
Lidia Simon
Mihaela Botezan
Cristina Pomacu
3:34:22  Japan
Mizuki Noguchi
Yukiko Okamoto
Yasuko Hashimoto
3:36:25  Russia
Lidiya Grigoryeva
Galina Aleksandrova
Zinaida Semenova
3:45:41
2001  Kenya
Susan Chepkemei
Isabella Ochichi
Caroline Kwambai
3:28:04  Japan
Mizuki Noguchi
Yasuyo Iwamoto
Takako Kotorida
3:30:08  Ethiopia
Berhane Adere
Meseret Kotu
Teyba Erkesso
3:30:20
2002  Kenya
Susan Chepkemei
Pamela Chepchumba
Lenah Cheruiyot
3:28:22  Russia
Svetlana Zakharova
Lyudmila Petrova
Irina Safarova
3:30:05  Ethiopia
Berhane Adere
Asha Gigi
Leila Aman
3:30:58
2003  Russia
Lidiya Grigoryeva
Alla Zhilyaeva
Lyudmila Biktasheva
3:30:16  Japan
Mikie Takanaka
Takako Kotorida
Risa Hagiwara
3:34:23  Romania
Constantina Tomescu-Dita
Luminiţa Talpoş
Nuţa Olaru
3:35:07
2004  Ethiopia
Eyerusalem Kuma
Bezunesh Bekele
Teyba Erkesso
3:36:00  Romania
Constantina Tomescu-Dita
Mihaela Botezan
Luminiţa Talpoş
3:36:08  Russia
Irina Timofeyeva
Alina Ivanova
Yelena Burykina
3:38:21
2005  Romania
Constantina Tomescu-Dita
Mihaela Botezan
Nuţa Olaru
3:31:00  Russia
Galina Bogomolova
Lidia Grigoryeva
Irina Timofeyeva
3:33:05  Japan
Terumi Asoshina
Hiromi Ominami
Yoko Yagi
3:35:42
2006 (20 km)  Kenya
Rita Jeptoo
Edith Masai
Eunice Chepkorir
3:15:55  Ethiopia
Dire Tune
Teyba Erkesso
Ashu Kasim
3:18:50  Japan
Kayoko Fukushi
Yurika Nakamura
Ryoko Kizaki
3:19:00
2007  Kenya
Mary Keitany
Pamela Chepchumba
Everline Kimwei
3:23:33  Ethiopia
Bezunesh Bekele
Atsede Habtamu
Atsede Baysa
3:25:51  Japan
Chisato Osaki
Akane Taira
Yoshimi Ozaki
3:27:39
2008  Ethiopia
Aselefech Mergia
Genet Getaneh
Abebu Gelan
3:30:59  Kenya
Pamela Chepchumba
Peninah Arusei
Julia Mumbi Muraga
3:31:24  Japan
Yukiko Akaba
Miki Ohira
Yuko Machida
3:40:58
2009  Kenya
Mary Keitany
Philes Ongori
Caroline Cheptanui Kilel
3:22:30 CR  Ethiopia
Aberu Kebede
Mestawet Tufa
Tirfi Tsegaye
3:26:14  Japan
Yurika Nakamura
Ryoko Kizaki
Remi Nakazato
3:31:31
2010  Kenya
Florence Kiplagat
Peninah Arusei
Joyce Chepkirui
3:26:59  Ethiopia
Dire Tune
Feyse Tadese
Meseret Mengistu
3:27:33  Japan
Yoshimi Ozaki
Ryoko Kizaki
Azusa Nojiri
3:33:40
2012  Ethiopia
Meseret Hailu
Feyse Tadese
Emebt Etea
3:27:52  Kenya
Paskalia Chepkorir Kipkoech
Lydia Cheromei
Pauline Njeri Kahenya
3:28:39  Japan
Tomomi Tanaka
Mai Ito
Asami Kato
3:34:45
2014  Kenya
Gladys Cherono
Mary Wacera Ngugi
Selly Chepyego Kaptich
3:23:05  Ethiopia
Netsanet Gudeta
Tsehay Desalegn
Genet Yalew
3:27:05  Japan
Sayo Nomura
Risa Takenaka
Reia Iwade
3:31:33
2016  Kenya
Peres Jepchirchir
Cynthia Jerotich Limo
Mary Wacera Ngugi
3:22:59  Ethiopia
Netsanet Gudeta
Genet Yalew
Dehininet Demsew
3:26:29  Japan
Yuka Ando
Miho Shimizu
Mizuki Matsuda
3:32:25

: In 2009, the team from Russia was initially ranked 3rd (3:31:23), but fell behind Japan after the disqualification of Inga Abitova. Her competition results were annulled, beginning October 10, 2009, because of breaking anti-doping regulations.[5][6]

Junior men

Individual

Year Gold Silver Bronze
1992  Kassa Tadesse (ETH) 1:04:51  Meck Mothuli (RSA) 1:05:01  Francesco Ingargiola (ITA) 1:05:18
1993  Meck Mothuli (RSA) 1:02:11  Biruk Bekele (ETH) 1:03:32  Isaac Radebe (RSA) 1:03:35

Team competition

Year Gold Silver Bronze
1992  Italy 3:17:39 Ethiopia Ethiopia 3:18:56 South Africa South Africa 3:20:04
1993 South Africa South Africa 3:09:46 Ethiopia Ethiopia 3:13:34  Italy 3:17:12

References

General
Specific
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