Wolf Hall

Wolf Hall

Author	Hilary Mantel
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Genre	Historical fiction
Publisher	Fourth Estate (UK)
Publication date	30 April 2009
Media type	Print (hardback)
Pages	672
ISBN	0-00-723018-4
Dewey Decimal	823.92
LC Class	PR6063.A438 W65 2009
Followed by	Bring Up the Bodies

Wolf Hall (2009) is a historical novel by English author Hilary Mantel, published by Fourth Estate, named after the Seymour family seat of Wolfhall or Wulfhall in Wiltshire. Set in the period from 1500 to 1535, Wolf Hall is a sympathetic fictionalised biography documenting the rapid rise to power of Thomas Cromwell in the court of Henry VIII through to the death of Sir Thomas More. The novel won both the Man Booker Prize and the National Book Critics Circle Award.^[1][2] In 2012, The Observer named it as one of "The 10 best historical novels".^[3]

The book is the first in a trilogy; the sequel Bring Up the Bodies was published in 2012.^[4] The last book in the trilogy will be called The Mirror and the Light and is expected to cover the last four years of Cromwell's life.^[5]

Historical background

Born to a working-class family of no position or name, Cromwell rose to become the right-hand man of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, adviser to the King. He survived Wolsey's fall from grace to eventually take his place as the most powerful of Henry's ministers. In that role, he observed turning points of English history, as Henry asserted his authority to declare his marriage annulled from Catherine of Aragon, married Anne Boleyn, broke from Rome, established the independence of the Church of England, and called for the dissolution of the monasteries.

The novel is a reenvisioning of historical and literary records; in Robert Bolt's play A Man for All Seasons Cromwell is portrayed as the calculating, unprincipled opposite of Thomas More's honour and rectitude.

Mantel's novel offers an alternative to that characterization, a more intimate portrait of Cromwell as a pragmatic and talented man attempting to serve king and country amid the political machinations of Henry's court and the religious upheavals of the Reformation.

Process

Mantel spent five years researching and writing the book; the trickiest part, she said in an interview, was trying to match her version of events to the historical record.^[6] To avoid contradicting history, she created a card catalogue, organised alphabetically by character, with each card containing notes indicating where a particular historical figure was on relevant dates. "You really need to know, where is the Duke of Suffolk at the moment? You can't have him in London if he's supposed to be somewhere else", she explained.

In an interview with The Guardian, Mantel stated her aim to place the reader in "that time and that place, putting you into Henry's entourage. The essence of the thing is not to judge with hindsight, not to pass judgment from the lofty perch of the 21st century when we know what happened. It's to be there with them in that hunting party at Wolf Hall, moving forward with imperfect information and perhaps wrong expectations, but in any case moving forward into a future that is not predetermined, but where chance and hazard will play a terrific role."^[7]

Characters

Wolf Hall includes a large cast of fictionalised historical persons. In addition to those already mentioned, prominent characters include:

• Stephen Gardiner, Master Secretary to King Henry
• Princess Mary, the daughter and only surviving child of Henry and Catherine, later Queen Mary I of England.
• Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne
• Thomas Boleyn, father of Anne and Mary
• Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, Anne's uncle
• Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury
• Jane Seymour, who later became the third of Henry's six wives
• Rafe Sadler, Thomas Cromwell's ward

Title

The title comes from the name of the Seymour family seat at Wolfhall or Wulfhall in Wiltshire; the title's allusion to the old Latin saying Homo homini lupus ("Man is wolf to man") serves as a constant reminder of the dangerously opportunistic nature of the world through which Cromwell navigates.^[8]

Critical reaction

• ... Wolf Hall succeeds on its own terms and then some, both as a non-frothy historical novel and as a display of Mantel's extraordinary talent. Lyrically yet cleanly and tightly written, solidly imagined yet filled with spooky resonances, and very funny at times, it's not like much else in contemporary British fiction. A sequel is apparently in the works, and it's not the least of Mantel's achievements that the reader finishes this 650-page book wanting more.

  — Christopher Tayler in The Guardian^[9]

• ...dreadfully badly written... Mantel just wrote and wrote and wrote. I have yet to meet anyone outside the Booker panel who managed to get to the end of this tedious tome. God forbid there might be a sequel, which I fear is on the horizon.

  — Susan Bassnett, in Times Higher Education^[10]

• Over two decades, she has gained a reputation as an elegant anatomiser of malevolence and cruelty. From the French Revolution of A Place of Greater Safety (1992) to the Middle England of Beyond Black (2005), hers are scrupulously moral – and scrupulously unmoralistic – books that refuse to shy away from the underside of life, finding even in disaster a kind of bleak and unconsoling humour. It is that supple movement between laughter and horror that makes this rich pageant of Tudor life her most humane and bewitching novel.

  — Olivia Laing in The Observer^[11]

• ... as soon as I opened the book I was gripped. I read it almost non-stop. When I did have to put it down, I was full of regret the story was over, a regret I still feel. This is a wonderful and intelligently imagined retelling of a familiar tale from an unfamiliar angle – one that makes the drama unfolding nearly five centuries ago look new again, and shocking again, too.

  — Vanora Bennett in The Times^[12]

Awards and nominations

• Winner – 2009 Man Booker Prize. James Naughtie, the chairman of the Booker prize judges, said the decision to give Wolf Hall the award was "based on the sheer bigness of the book. The boldness of its narrative, its scene setting...The extraordinary way that Hilary Mantel has created what one of the judges has said was a contemporary novel, a modern novel, which happens to be set in the 16th century".^[13]
• Winner – 2009 National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction.
• Winner – 2010 Walter Scott Prize for historical fiction.^[14]
• Winner – 2010 The Morning News Tournament of Books.^[15]

Adaptations

Stage

In January 2013 the RSC announced that it would stage adaptations by Mike Poulton of Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies in its Winter season.^[16] The production transferred to London's Aldwych Theatre in May 2014 for a limited run until October.^[17]

Producers Jeffrey Richards and Jerry Frankel brought the London productions of Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies, starring Ben Miles as Thomas Cromwell, Lydia Leonard as Anne Boleyn, Lucy Briers as Katherine of Aragon and Nathaniel Parker as Henry VIII, to Broadway's Winter Garden Theatre^[18] in March 2015 for a fifteen-week run. The double-bill has been re-titled Wolf Hall, Parts 1 and 2 for American audiences.^[19] The play was nominated for 8 Tony Awards, including Best Play.

Television

In 2012 the BBC announced that it would be adapting Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies for BBC Two, to be broadcast in 2015.^[20] On 8 March 2013, the BBC reported that Mark Rylance had been cast as Thomas Cromwell.^[21] The first episode was broadcast in the United States on PBS's Masterpiece Theatre on 5 April 2015.^[22] In June 2015 Amazon announced exclusive rights to stream Masterpiece programs including Wolf Hall on its Amazon Prime platform.^[23]

See also

• Cultural depictions of Henry VIII of England

References

External links

• Hilary Mantel's Website
• Hilary Mantel's Facebook Fan Page
• Hilary Mantel on Wolf Hall, interview by Man Booker.
• Wolf Hall at complete review, an aggregation of reviews from papers and magazines.
• (Video) Hilary Mantel on Wolf Hall, The Guardian
• Rubin, Martin (10 October 2009). "A Man for All Tasks and Times". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 13 October 2009.