Windsor, Vermont

Windsor, Vermont
Town
Old Constitution House, where the Constitution of the Vermont Republic was signed
Motto: Birthplace of Vermont Freedom and Unity^[1]
Location in Windsor County and the state of Vermont.
Windsor, Vermont Location in the United States
Coordinates: 43°28′36″N 72°24′4″W / 43.47667°N 72.40111°W / 43.47667; -72.40111Coordinates: 43°28′36″N 72°24′4″W / 43.47667°N 72.40111°W / 43.47667; -72.40111
Country	United States
State	Vermont
County	Windsor
Area
• Total	19.8 sq mi (51.2 km²)
• Land	19.5 sq mi (50.6 km²)
• Water	0.2 sq mi (0.6 km²)
Elevation	1,066 ft (325 m)
Population (2010)
• Total	3,553
• Density	180/sq mi (69/km²)
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
Area code(s)	802
FIPS code	50-84925^[2]
GNIS feature ID	1462266^[3]
Website	www.windsorvt.org

Windsor is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. As the "Birthplace of Vermont", the town is where the Constitution of Vermont was adopted in 1777, thus marking the founding of the Vermont Republic—a sovereign state until 1791 when Vermont joined the United States. Over much of its history, Windsor was home to a variety of manufacturing enterprises. The population was 3,553 at the 2010 census.^[4]

History

Main Street c. 1910

One of the New Hampshire grants, Windsor was chartered as a town on July 6, 1761, by colonial governor Benning Wentworth. It was first settled in August 1764 by Captain Steele Smith and his family from Farmington, Connecticut. In 1777, the signers of the Constitution of the Vermont Republic met at Old Constitution House, a tavern at the time, to declare independence from the British Empire (the Vermont Republic would not become a state until 1791). In 1820, it was the state's largest town, a thriving center for trade and agriculture. In 1835, the first dam was built across Mill Brook to provide water power. Factories made guns, machinery, tinware, furniture and harnesses. The community is named for Windsor, Connecticut.^[1]

In 1846, Robbins and Lawerence received a government contract to manufacture firearms. Using advanced machine tools to produce interchangeable parts, they and their associates established factories in the Connecticut River valley and throughout New England. Two factories, now both closed, sustained the economy of Windsor: Cone Automatic Machine Company and a Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company plant.

Windsor village began development at the end of the 18th century and achieved importance in Vermont history as the location of the framing of the constitution of Vermont. It is known as the birthplace of Vermont, where the state constitution was signed, and acted as the first capital until 1805 when Montpelier became the official state capital.^[1]

Commerce prospered due to the village's location on the banks of the Connecticut River where several smaller streams run into it. The economy improved in the mid-19th century when Windsor became the first town in the state to break ground for the railroad with the construction of a rail depot. Windsor Station connected the town to out-of-state markets. It was after the railroad went through that the area was discovered by tourists.

Windsor's war memorial, the City Center Veterans Memorial, was created by sculptor Lawrence Nowlan.^[5]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 19.8 square miles (51.2 km²), of which 19.5 square miles (50.6 km²) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.5 km²) (1.06%) is water. Home to part of Mount Ascutney, Windsor is situated beside the Connecticut River.

The town is crossed by Interstate 91, U.S. Route 5, Vermont Route 12, Vermont Route 44, and Vermont Route 44A. It is bordered by the town of Weathersfield to the south, West Windsor to the west, and Hartland to the north. To the east, across the Connecticut River, is Cornish, New Hampshire, to which Windsor is connected by the Cornish–Windsor Covered Bridge, one of the longest covered bridges in the world.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1790	1,542		—
1800	2,211		43.4%
1810	2,757		24.7%
1820	2,956		7.2%
1830	3,134		6.0%
1840	2,744		−12.4%
1850	1,928		−29.7%
1860	1,669		−13.4%
1870	1,699		1.8%
1880	2,175		28.0%
1890	1,846		−15.1%
1900	2,119		14.8%
1910	2,407		13.6%
1920	3,687		53.2%
1930	4,359		18.2%
1940	4,155		−4.7%
1950	4,402		5.9%
1960	4,468		1.5%
1970	4,158		−6.9%
1980	4,085		−1.8%
1990	3,714		−9.1%
2000	3,756		1.1%
2010	3,553		−5.4%
Est. 2014	3,476	^[6]	−2.2%
U.S. Decennial Census^[7]

As of the census^[2] of 2000, there were 3,756 people, 1,520 households, and 945 families residing in the town. The population density was 192.1 people per square mile (74.2/km²). There were 1,611 housing units at an average density of 82.4 per square mile (31.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.74% White, 0.24% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.06% of the population.

There were 1,520 households out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were couples living together and joined in either marriage or civil union, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the town, the population was spread out with 22.2% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,815, and the median income for a family was $43,551. Males had a median income of $29,897 versus $23,313 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,640. About 6.4% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Windsor is served by Windsor School District, Vermont. The district is home to the Windsor Yellow Jackets and serves grades kindergarten to twelfth. The two schools in the district are Windsor State Street School and Windsor High School.^[8]^[9]

Infrastructure

Health care

The Mt. Ascutney Hospital and Health Center is located in Windsor.

Transportation

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides daily service through Windsor, operating its Vermonter between Washington, D.C. and St. Albans, Vermont.

Culture

Music

Moon Dance Since 1999, Windsor has regularly hosted this Autumn street festival, complete with live bands, magicians, and hypnotists.^[10]

Notable people

Cornish–Windsor Covered Bridge, built in 1866, rebuilt in 1988

Asa Aikens, Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court^[11]
Asher Benjamin, architect, author, educator
Carlos Coolidge, politician
Edward Curtis, politician
A. E. Douglass, astronomer
Josiah Dunham, Secretary of State of Vermont^[12]
Maxwell Evarts, lawyer, president of the Windsor Savings Bank and founded the State Fair Program in Vermont
William M. Evarts, United States Attorney General, United States Secretary of State, and U.S. senator for New York
Horace Everett, US congressman^[13]
William Laurel Harris, educator and arts organizer
Valentine B. Horton, US congressman^[14]
Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard, fur trader and developer of Chicago
Jonathan Hatch Hubbard, US congressman^[15]
William Hunter, US congressman^[16]
Stephen Jacob, Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court^[17]
Bob Keeshan, actor and television producer (Captain Kangaroo)^[18]
Thomas Leverett, Secretary of State of Vermont^[19]^[20]
Maxwell Perkins, editor
Matt Salinger, actor
Stephen William Shaw, artist
Mark Shepard, state senator
Nathaniel Simonds, politician
William H.H. Stowell, US congressman, merchant and industrialist^[21]
John C. Thompson, Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court^[22]
Allen Wardner, prominent banker and businessman who served as Vermont State Treasurer. He was the father-in-law of William M. Evarts and grandfather of Maxwell Evarts.^[23]
Henry D. Washburn, US congressman and general

References

1 2 3 "Profile for Windsor, Vermont, VT". ePodunk. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
↑ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Windsor town, Windsor County, Vermont". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
↑ "Sculptor commissioned to complete Joe Frazier statue has died". Barre Montpelier Times Argus. 2013-08-02. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
↑ "Windsor School District". Windsor School District. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
↑ "Windsor School District". education.com. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
↑ Windsor’s Moondance Festival Planned October 5. The Vermont Journal. Retrieved on 2014-04-12.
↑ Wiley, Edgar J. (1917). Catalogue of Officers and Students of Middlebury College. Middlebury, VT: Middlebury College. p. 10.
↑ Bisbee, Marvin Davis (1900). General Catalogue of Dartmouth College and the Associated Schools 1769-1900. Cambridge, MA: University Press. pp. 121–122.
↑ "EVERETT, Horace, (1779 - 1851)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
↑ "HORTON, Valentine Baxter, (1802 - 1888)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
↑ "HUBBARD, Jonathan Hatch, (1768 - 1849)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
↑ "HUNTER, William, (1754 - 1827)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
↑ Ullery, Jacob G. (1894). Men of Vermont Illustrated. Brattleboro, VT: Transcript Publishing Company. p. 178.
↑ "Bob Keeshan". IMDb. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
↑ Condos, James (2011). "Vermont Secretaries of State, 1778-Present". Vermont Government Officials: State Officers. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Secretary of State.
↑ "Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908: Death and Burial Entry for Thomas Leverett". Ancestry.com. Provo, UT: Ancestry.com, LLC. Retrieved January 28, 2017. (Subscription required (help)).
↑ "STOWELL, William Henry Harrison, (1840 - 1922)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
↑ Taft, Russell S. (March 1, 1894). "The Supreme Court of Vermont, Part IV: John C. Thompson". The Green Bag. Boston, MA: Boston Book Company. pp. 123–124.
↑ New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, Volume 47, 1916, page 314

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Windsor, Vermont.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Windsor (Vermont).

Municipalities and communities of Windsor County, Vermont, United States
Shire town: Woodstock
Towns	Andover Baltimore Barnard Bethel Bridgewater Cavendish Chester Hartford Hartland Ludlow Norwich Plymouth Pomfret Reading Rochester Royalton Sharon Springfield Stockbridge Weathersfield West Windsor Weston Windsor Woodstock
Villages	Ludlow Perkinsville Woodstock
CDPs	Ascutney Bethel Cavendish Chester Hartland North Hartland North Springfield Norwich Proctorsville Quechee Rochester South Royalton Springfield White River Junction Wilder Windsor
Other communities	Brownsville Felchville Gaysville Hartford Hartland Four Corners Lewiston North Pomfret Plymouth Notch South Woodstock Weathersfield Bow West Hartford

Connecticut River watershed
Tributaries	Ammonoosuc River Ashuelot River Black River Black Hall River Blow-me-down Brook Burnshirt River Chapel Brook Chicopee River Cold River Cranberry River Deerfield River East Brookfield River Eightmile River Fall River Farmington River Five Mile River Green River Halls Stream Hockanum River Hubbard River Indian Stream Israel River Johns River Little Sugar River Manhan River Mascoma River Mattabesset River Mill River (Northampton) Mill River (Springfield) Millers River Mink Brook Mirey Brook Mohawk River North Branch Millers River North Branch Westfield River North River Nulhegan River Oliverian Brook Ompompanoosuc River Ottauquechee River Otter River Park River Partridge Brook Passumpsic River Perry Stream Quaboag River Salmon River Saxtons River Scantic River Seven Mile River Simms Stream Sugar River Tarbell Brook Upper Ammonoosuc River Waits River Ware River Wells River West River Westfield River Whetstone Brook White River Williams River
Lakes	Ashuelot Pond Back Lake Ball Mountain Lake Barkhamsted Reservoir Lake Beseck Brooks Pond Canaan Street Lake Cedar Pond Christine Lake Comerford Reservoir Connecticut Lakes Crystal Lake Dublin Pond Eastman Pond Echo Lake Lake Francis (Murphy Dam) Goose Pond Grafton Pond Granite Lake Harriman Reservoir Harvey Lake Lake Hayward Lakes of the Clouds Little Sunapee Lake Mascoma Lake McIndoes Reservoir Lake Monomonac Moore Reservoir North Hartland Lake Pearly Lake Pocotopaug Lake Quabbin Reservoir Lake Rescue Silver Lake Spofford Lake Lake Sunapee Surry Mountain Lake Lake Tarleton Townshend Lake Lake Wyola
Major cities (>100k)	Hartford, Connecticut Springfield, Massachusetts
Smaller cities and towns (<100k)	Agawam Ascutney Barnet Bath Beecher Falls Bellows Falls Bloomfield Bradford Brattleboro Brunswick Canaan Charlestown Chester Chesterfield Chicopee Claremont Clarksville Colebrook Columbia Concord Cornish Cromwell Dalton Deep River Deerfield Dummerston East Haddam East Hampton East Hartford East Hereford East Windsor Easthampton Enfield Essex Fairlee Gill Gilman Glastonbury Greenfield Groveton Guildhall Haddam Hadley Hanover Hartford VT Hartland Hatfield Haverhill Higganum Hinsdale Holyoke Lancaster Lebanon Lemington Littleton Longmeadow Lunenburg Lyme CT Lyme NH Maidstone Middletown Millers Falls Monroe Montague Moodus Newbury Northampton Northfield Northumberland Norwich Old Lyme Old Saybrook Orford Piermont Pittsburg Plainfield Portland Putney Rockingham Rocky Hill Ryegate South Hadley South Windsor Springfield VT Stewartstown Stratford Suffield Sunderland Thetford Thompsonville Turners Falls Vernon Walpole Waterford Weathersfield Wells River West Lebanon West Springfield Westminster Westmoreland Wethersfield Whately White River Junction Wilder Windsor CT Windsor VT Windsor Locks Woodsville
Crossings	Amtrak Old Saybrook – Old Lyme Bridge Arch Bridge Bulkeley Bridge Calvin Coolidge Bridge Canalside Rail Trail Bridge Cheshire Bridge Columbia Bridge Cornish–Windsor Covered Bridge Dexter Coffin Bridge French King Bridge Gill–Montague Bridge Janice Peaslee Bridge Ledyard Bridge Morey Memorial Bridge Mount Orne Covered Bridge Norwottuck Rail Trail Bridge Piermont Bridge Pittsburg–Clarksville Covered Bridge Ranger Bridge Raymond E. Baldwin Bridge Sunderland Bridge Wells River Bridge

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