William J. Brady

William J. Brady (August 16, 1829 – April 1, 1878) was the sheriff of Lincoln County during the Lincoln County Wars in New Mexico, United States. He was killed in an ambush, aged 48, in which Billy the Kid took part.

Early life

Brady's family were members of the rural working class of County Cavan, his father being a potato farmer. He attended the newly opened local school and graduated in 1844.^[1] After the death of his father, he was briefly involved in local politics. During the Great Famine, he left for the United States.^[2]

Military

Upon his arrival in New York in July 1851, Brady enlisted in the U.S. Army and was assigned to the mounted rifles. He spent five years in southern Texas achieving the rank of sergeant and upon reenlistment was transferred to Fort Craig, New Mexico in 1856.^[3] His enlistment was up in March 1861 and he was discharged at Fort Craig, only to enroll in the New Mexico Volunteers as a first lieutenant in Albuquerque the following August. He fought at the Battle of Glorieta Pass and stayed with his unit when it was incorporated into the First Regiment, New Mexico Cavalry. After the Confederate troops left New Mexico, he was assigned as a recruiting officer in Polvadera, New Mexico.^[4] In 1862 he married María Bonifacia Chávez, a widow from Corrales.^[5]

The following year Brady was assigned as the acting commander at Fort Stanton, and in 1864 was confirmed as commandant there. He led several successful campaigns against the Navajo and Apache Indians. He served as commandant at several other New Mexico forts until his discharge in October 1866 at the brevet rank of Major.^[6]

Lincoln, New Mexico

Brady and his wife and children settled on a ranch on the Río Bonito, four miles east of Lincoln, New Mexico. He was first elected Sheriff of Lincoln County on September 6, 1869 and took office in January 1870. In 1871 Brady was elected as the first representative from Lincoln County to sit in the Territorial Legislature.^[7] He lost his seat in the next election. In 1876 he was elected again as sheriff.^[8]

Jail

Although Lincoln sheriffs had tried for eight years to get money from the county for a jail, Brady finally got funds ($3,000)^[9] to build an underground holding area in 1877. Prior to that, the sheriff used the military jail at Fort Stanton. The new jail was twenty feet wide by thirty feet long, and ten feet deep. It was lined with rough logs and divided into two cells with a ladder and a trap door for access.^[10] Light, when available, was by candles.^[11] Conditions were so bad and escapes so common that the county anted up for a real jail in 1880. One of the causes in the lack of confidence in Sheriff Brady was the escape in November 1877 of Jesse Evans and his gang.^[10]

Lincoln County War

Brady sided with the Murphy-Dolan faction in the Lincoln County War. This put him up against Alexander McSween, Billy the Kid and the Regulators. Lawrence Murphy owned the mercantile (the dry goods store) in Lincoln, and Brady owed him money. In the Spring of 1877, Sheriff Brady was beaten up by two bravados, believed to be John Tunstall’s cowboys, in the middle of the main street of Lincoln. But their identity was never confirmed. People speculated that they worked for Tunstall.^[12] Lincoln county deputies, sympathetic with the Murphy-Dolan faction, shot and killed John Tunstall on the trail in cold blood. Tunstall was the first fatality in what has become known as the Lincoln County War. On April 1, 1878, Regulators Jim French, Frank McNab, John Middleton, Fred Waite, Henry Newton Brown and Billy the Kid ambushed Sheriff Brady and four of his deputies on the main street of Lincoln. They fired on the five men from behind an adobe wall. Brady died of at least a dozen gunshot wounds. Brady was 48 years old.^[13] Deputy George W. Hindman was hit twice, fatally.^[14]

Once the shooting stopped, Billy the Kid and Jim French broke cover and dashed to Brady's corpse, either to get his arrest warrant for McSween or to retrieve Billy's rifle which Brady had kept. A surviving deputy, Billy Matthews, wounded both men with a rifle bullet that passed through each of their legs. They still managed to escape. Brady was first replaced by John Copeland as sheriff. Copeland refused to take sides in the conflict. Dolan used his influence to have him replaced by George Peppin.

It was for the murder of Brady that Billy the Kid was convicted by a territorial court in April, 1881, and sentenced to death, a conviction that led to his famous escape from the Lincoln County jail and his subsequent killing by Sheriff Pat Garrett.^[15]

Notes and references

Sources

• Ball, Larry D. (1992). Desert Lawmen: the high sheriffs of New Mexico and Arizona, 1846-1912. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-1346-1. 
• Lavash, Donald R. (1986). Sheriff William Brady: Tragic Hero of the Lincoln County War. Santa Fe, New Mexico: Sunstone Press. ISBN 978-0-86534-064-0.