William Bromley (Speaker)

The Right Honourable Sir William Bromley


Speaker of the House of Commons of Great Britain
In office 1710–1713
Preceded by	Richard Onslow
Succeeded by	Sir Thomas Hanmer
Secretary of State for the Northern Department
In office 17 August 1713 – September 1714
Preceded by	The Viscount Bolingbroke
Succeeded by	The Viscount Townshend

Sir William Bromley (1663 – 13 February 1732) was an English Tory politician. He was Speaker of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1710 to 1713 and Secretary of State for the Northern Department from 1713 to 1714.

Bromley was a member of an old Staffordshire family, which by the time of his birth was settled in Warwickshire. He was the son of Sir William Bromley (died 1682) and his wife Ursula (a daughter of Thomas Leigh, 1st Baron Leigh of Stoneleigh, Warwickshire). He was born at the family seat at Baginton, Warwickshire, and was baptized on 31 August 1663.

In 1679 Bromley entered Christ Church, a college of the University of Oxford, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1681.

Political career

Bromley missed the Glorious Revolution because he was travelling in France and Italy, following the death of his first wife in 1688 (he eventually married four times). Upon his return to England he embarked on a political career. Throughout his time in public life Bromley was a staunch high church Tory with a reputation for honesty and extreme partisanship. His political rivals sometimes found it useful to allege Jacobite sympathies and to refer to Bromley's travel memoirs Remarks on the Grand Tour of France and Italy to support that allegation.

In 1690 Bromley was elected to represent the county constituency of Warwickshire in the House of Commons of England. An able debater, his reputation rose rapidly; particularly amongst the Tory squires who shared similar prejudices. In 1696 Bromley refused to take an oath to swear that William III was the rightful and lawful King. As a result, he was incapacitated from serving in Parliament and was not re-elected for Warwickshire in 1698.

Bromley returned to Parliament, representing the strongly High Tory constituency of Oxford University, following a by-election in March 1701, after which Bromley was a leading figure in the Tory ranks. He continued to hold one of the university's two seats for the rest of his life.

Bromley was a strong opponent of occasional conformity by religious dissenters, who attended Church of England services often enough to avoid the legal penalties imposed by the Test and Corporation Acts. Bromley promoted several bills to strengthen the law, but they were not adopted.

From 1702 to 1705 Bromley was the Chairman of the Committee of Privileges and Elections of the House of Commons. In 1705 he was a candidate for the Speakership. On this occasion a new edition of Bromley's travel memoirs was produced by his political enemies (with an added table pointing the reader to the alleged pro-Catholic and Jacobite passages in the book). Bromley did not become Speaker in 1705.

Following the 1710 election there was a large Tory majority in the House of Commons. On 25 November 1710 Bromley was elected Speaker, without opposition. He was sworn in as a member of the Privy Council in 1711.

In his position as Speaker in 1713, Bromley responded to questions from a Scottish MP with the infamous reply that "they had catcht hold of Scotland, they wou'd keep her fast.", thereby given credence to the widely held belief in Scotland that Union was a means for England to assert her dominance over Scotland. Lockhart Papers

In 1713 Bromley left the chair of the House to join the administration as Secretary of State for the Northern Department. He lost that office in 1714, when the new King George I installed a Whig ministry. Bromley never held government office again, but he remained the generally recognised leading Tory in the House of Commons until his health declined in the 1720s. Bromley remained an MP until his death in 1732.

References

"Bromley, William (1664-1732)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 7, edited by H.C.G. Mathew and Brian Harrison (Oxford University Press 2004)

Political offices
Parliament of England
Preceded by Sir Heneage Finch Sir Christopher Musgrave	Member of Parliament for Oxford University 1701–1703 With: Sir Heneage Finch, 1701–1703 Sir William Whitelock, 1703–1707	Succeeded by Parliament of Great Britain
Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by Parliament of England	Member of Parliament for Oxford University 1707–1732 With: Sir William Whitelock 1707–1717 George Clarke 1717–1732	Succeeded by George Clarke Viscount Cornbury
Preceded by Richard Onslow	Speaker of the House of Commons of Great Britain 1710–1713	Succeeded by Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bt
Preceded by Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke	Secretary of State for the Northern Department 1713–1714	Succeeded by Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend

Speakers of the House of Commons

House of Commons
of England

14th century	Hungerford De la Mare Pickering Guildesborough Waldegrave Pickering Bussy Cheney Doreward Savage Redford Savage
15th century	Esturmy Tiptoft Chaucer Stourton Doreward Hungerford Chaucer Redman Beauchamp Flower Hunt Chaucer Baynard Flower Russell Walton Vernon Tyrell Alington, Sr. Tyrell Russell Hunt Bowes Tyrell Burley W. Tresham Burley W. Tresham Say Popham I W. Tresham Oldhall Thorpe Charlton Wenlock T. Tresham Green Strangeways Say Alington Jr. Wood Catesby Lovell Mordaunt Fitzwilliam Empson Drury Englefield
16th century	Dudley Englefield Sheffield Nevill More Audley Wingfield Rich Hare Moyle Baker Dyer Pollard Broke Higham Cordell Gargrave T. Williams Onslow Wray Bell Popham II Puckering Snagge Coke Yelverton
17th century	Croke Phelips R. Crewe Richardson T. Crewe H. Finch J. Finch Glanville Lenthall Pelham Lenthall Rous (Barebones Parliament) Lenthall Widdrington (2nd Protectorate Parliament) Chute, Long & Bampfield (3rd Protectorate Parliament) Lenthall Grimston Turnour Charlton Seymour Sawyer Seymour Gregory W. Williams Trevor Powle Trevor Foley Littleton
18th century	Harley Smith

House of Commons
of Great Britain

18th century	Smith R. Onslow Bromley Hanmer Compton A. Onslow Cust Norton Cornwall Grenville Addington

House of Commons
of the United Kingdom

19th century	Addington Mitford Abbot Manners-Sutton Abercromby Shaw-Lefevre Denison Brand Peel Gully
20th century	Lowther Whitley FitzRoy Brown Morrison Hylton-Foster King Lloyd Thomas Weatherill Boothroyd
21st century	Martin Bercow

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