Washington (tree)
The Washington tree is a giant sequoia in the Giant Forest Grove in Tulare County, California, within Sequoia National Park. It is named after George Washington, first President of the United States. Until it partially collapsed in January 2005, the Washington tree was the second largest tree in the world (after the General Sherman tree).
Prior to 1999
With a height of 254.7 feet (77.6 m), circumference at ground level of 101.1 feet (30.8 m), and an estimated volume of 47,850 cubic feet (1,355 m3), the Washington tree was widely considered the second largest living single-stem tree in the world—only the nearby General Sherman tree was larger.
1999 reassessment
The tree was studied in 1999 by scientists from Humboldt State University and University of Washington. The tree was 253.7 feet (77.3 m) tall, with a basal diameter of 29.9 feet (9.1 m). Its total volume was 49,550 cubic feet (1,403 m3), including the main stem 47,930 cubic feet (1,357 m3) and the 46 largest branches 1,620 cubic feet (46 m3). The scientists discovered a large cavity in the trunk of the tree, measuring 115 feet (35 m) in height by 10 feet (3.0 m) in diameter. The cavity was accessible only by a hole situated 190 feet (58 m) above the ground. The significance of this finding is that the volume of wood in the tree had been greatly overestimated by previous measurements.[1]
2003 to present
A second and more significant development occurred in September 2003, when a fire caused by a lightning strike damaged the tree's crown. National Park Service officials decided to let the fire burn without human intervention. The tree lost a large portion of its crown in the fire, reducing its height to about 229 feet (70 m).[2]
The structurally weakened tree partially collapsed in January 2005, as the result of a heavy snow load in the remaining portion of its crown. The tree lost more than half its height, most of its branches, and much of the trunk, including the entire hollow upper portion of the trunk. It is now 115 feet (35 m) high, with only a few branches living near the top of the tree.[2]
The Washington tree is no longer one of the top ten largest giant sequoias, though the National Park Service still lists it as the second largest, due to current documentation policy (trees are calculated as if they did not suffer damage). Even in its damaged state, the tree may not be dying, as it still has half a dozen significant branches. Many other sequoias have survived with less foliage, and the tree might live decades or centuries longer.[2]
Dimensions
The dimensions of the Washington tree before the 2003 fire were:
| Meters | Feet | |
|---|---|---|
| Height above base[3] | 77.63 | 254.7 |
| Circumference at ground[3] | 30.81 | 101.1 |
| Diameter 1.5 m above base[3] | 7.92 | 26.0 |
| Diameter 18 m (60') above base[3] | 5.2 | 16.8 |
| Diameter 55 m (180') above base[3] | 4.3 | 14.0 |
| Height of first large branch above the base[3] | 36.4 | 120.0 |
| Estimated bole volume (m³.ft³)[4] | 1,355.0 | 47,850.0 |
See also
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References
- ↑ Sillett, SC; Spickler, JC; Van Pelt, R (2001). "Crown structure of the world's second largest tree (abstract only)". Madroño. 47 (2): 127–33. ISSN 0024-9637.
- 1 2 3 Block, M (2005-02-25). "Giant 'Washington Tree' Gets Smaller". NPR. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 National Park Service (1997). "The General Sherman Tree". Sequoia National Park. Washington, DC: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
- ↑ Weatherspoon, C. Phillip (1990). "Sequoiadendron giganteum". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. Conifers. Silvics of North America. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1 – via Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry (www.na.fs.fed.us).
Coordinates: 36°34′6″N 118°45′39″W / 36.56833°N 118.76083°W