Washburn Guitars

Washburn Guitars

Type	Subsidiary
Industry	Musical instruments
Founded	1883 (1883) in Chicago, Illinois
Founder	George Washburn Lyon
Headquarters	Chicago, Illinois, United States
Area served	Worldwide
Products	Electric, acoustic & resonator guitars Bass Guitars Banjos Mandolins Ukuleles Amplifiers
Parent	US Music
Website	washburn.com

Washburn Guitars is an American manufacturer and importer of guitars, mandolins, and other string instruments. The original company was established in 1883 in Chicago, Illinois. The modern Washburn is a division of US Music Corp., in turn now owned by JAM Industries USA.

Corporate history

1864-1940

Lyon & Healy began in 1864 as a partnership of businessmen George W. Lyon and Patrick J. Healy, acting as the Chicago outlet for Boston sheet music publisher Oliver Ditson and Company. By 1865, the company had expanded into reed organs and some small instruments. Lyon & Healy achieved independence by 1880, and around 1888 the company launched fully into fretted and plucked instruments (guitars, mandolins, banjos, and zithers)^[1] under the "Washburn" brand, which happened to be Lyon's middle name.^[2]

Tracing the history of any particular instrument of this period presents many obstacles. Not only did the Lyon & Healy company often change designs to follow the rapidly evolving consumer demand, but the company also repaired instruments, and offered engraving services, including decorating instruments that it retailed but did not actually manufacture. As well, they built instruments for other retailers and distributors under various house brands.

In 1912, Washburn introduced the Lakeside Jumbo guitar, which some consider the first dreadnought-sized guitar.^[3] It bridged the gap between smaller-bodied "parlor" guitars of the late 19th and early 20th century and modern-day dreadnought and jumbo acoustic guitars.

George Lyon retired from the company in 1889 (died 1894). Patrick Healy then led the company into a period of major expansion, beginning with a larger new factory and improved mass-production techniques, and soon dominated the domestic market.^[4] Their 1892 catalog claimed to manufacture 100,000 instruments annually. Healy died 1905.

By the 1920s, Lyon & Healy faced growing competition from other instrument manufacturers as well as from the rise of other forms of entertainment, particularly film and the gramophone. Lyon & Healy gradually shifted manufacturing chores onto wholesaler Tonk Brothers, to whom they sold the guitar portion of the business in 1928, continuing to produce their own lines of harps, pianos, and organs.

Tonk Brothers turned to manufacturer J.R. Stewart Company to purchase and operate the massive factory, but this transition proved problematic and Stewart went bankrupt in 1930. Some of the Stewart assets were acquired by the Regal Musical Instrument Company, which had purchased the "Regal" brand name in 1908 from Lyon & Healy (who acquired it in 1905). Regal was chosen to reopen the Washburn factory (producing Regal instruments as well). Though the Washburn brand was preserved, it never regained its preeminence, and by the early 1940s had declined to nothing.

Modern era

There is no direct connection between the original Washburn brand and the modern Washburn International.

In the early 1960s, retail store the Chicago Guitar Gallery hired Rudolf "Rudy" Schlacher, a young German violin builder, as a repair technician. A few years later, Schlacher opened The Sound Post^[5][6] (in Evanston, Illinois) to focus on guitars. He soon realized the sales potential for lower-cost quality instruments.

Tom Beckmen and his wife Judy Fink Beckmen in 1972 left careers as music salesman and teacher (respectively) to launch a wholesale music business in Los Angeles, Beckmen Musical Instruments. It was Beckman Music that resurrected the Washburn name, and beginning in 1974 applied it to a series of quality imported acoustic guitars, made in Japan by Terada, as well as a selection of mandolins and banjos.

With that groundwork laid, Schlacher and Rick Johnstone, as Fretted Industries, Inc., acquired the Washburn name in 1977 (for $13,000) as the Beckmens took their business a different direction,^[7] and so the Washburn name was returned to Chicago. With assistance from Ikutaro Kakehashi (founder of Roland), Schlacher was able to find instrument factories in Japan that could meet the desired standards.^[8]

Fretted Industries acquired other lines as well, such as Oscar Schmidt autoharps.

Schlacher bought out Johnstone in 1987, and changed the company name to Washburn International. A stateside manufacturing operation was opened in 1991 for higher-end, short-run, and one-off instruments, as well as development and prototyping. That year, a Chicago Tribune article^[9] confidently places Washburn "among the top three guitar manufacturers in the world," behind only Fender and Gibson.

On December 15, 2002, Washburn International announced that it had completed acquisition of U.S. Music Corporation,^[10] and would be rolling its assets into that company in a reverse merger.^[11] Schlacher remained as CFO, appointing Gary Gryczan to COO; Gryczan had been Washburn's CFO from 1995 through 1998. The new USM's headquarters were in Mundelein (440 E. Courtland Street), which also housed the stateside Washburn luthiery, often referred to as "the USA Custom Shop."

Schlacher announced completion of selling USM to JAM Industries on August 24, 2009, and that he would be stepping away from his company after fully four decades.^[12]

We are pleased to join forces with a strategic partner like Jam Industries, that has a long, successful history in the music industry and has been a long-term business partner with U.S. Music for more than 20 years. It has been a thrilling and rewarding 40-year ride that has allowed me to realize my dreams and goals.^[13]

As R S Consulting he remained a consultant to the musical-instrument industry^[14] and was an executive producer for a small-budget film^[15]

Corporate offices were relocated to Buffalo Grove in 2012.

Production

Very few modern Washburn instruments have been built by the company itself. It has relied on outside factories and luthiers to fulfill their designs and meet public demand.

The first modern Washburn instruments were full-size guitars imported from Japan by Beckman Music. The 1974 range included one folk-style guitar (W-200) and eight dreadnoughts of increasing quality and decoration: W-240-12, W-250, W-260, W-280, W-300, W-300-12, W-500, W-600. These were constructed by Yamaki.

Some late-1970s Washburn-branded acoustic guitars were made in Japan by luthier Sadao Yairi and his son Hiroshi. (Their shop built instruments under a variety of labels, and took contract work for brands including Alvarez, which also had a long-standing relationship with Kazuo Yairi, Sadao's nephew.)

The first Washburn electric guitars were the Wing Series models, offered 1978-1984. This series of instruments featured innovative push-pull split humbuckers, brass hardware and inlays, and neck-through construction. Most of the Wing Series models were produced by Yamaki, a Japanese manufacturer of Washburn acoustic guitars as well as the Daion brand (late 1970s to early 1980s).

By 1991, production of Washburn instruments had shifted almost entirely to Korea, built by Samick.

Between 1994 and 2001, ten models of acoustic guitar were built for Washburn in the United States, five by Tacoma Guitars (Tacoma, Washington) and five by Bourgeois Guitars (Lewiston, Maine).

Washburn brought out a line of four USA-made dreadnoughts, available from 2002 to 2008. These were the D-78, D-80, D-82, and D-84. (All had the "-SW" suffix, for "solid wood," indicating that no laminate wood was employed.)

Other Washburn guitars from the Custom Shop included the rare J-14 (1998) and J-15 (1998-1999) archtops . These were among the highest-priced Washburn electrics ever made.

In 2012, when JAM Industries declined to renew the lease on the Mundelein facility, the Washburn luthiery closed. At the time, it was the ninth-largest employer in the village (the third-largest business), providing 180 jobs.^[16] The stated intent was to reopen at a smaller building in Buffalo Grove (1000 Corporate Grove Drive)^[17] but this is the probable end to Washburn instruments made in the United States.

Primary production has largely been shifting from Korea to factories in China.

Innovation and success

Most widely known for its guitars (both electric and acoustic), Washburn also makes electric basses, acoustic basses, banjos, mandolins, travel guitars, ukuleles, and amplifiers, as well as accessories including guitar cases, clothing, tuners, and straps.^[18]

In the 1980s, Washburn introduced the Festival Series of acoustic/electric guitars (the EA series, for "electrified acoustic"). They were thinner than standard acoustic guitars, thereby reducing susceptibility to feedback, a significant problem using acoustic or electrified acoustic guitars in large-venue performances. The addition of patented sound slots (rather than the traditional round soundhole) further reduced the possibility of feedback, and the guitars quickly became the go-to stage acoustic for artists such as Jimmy Page, George Harrison, and Bob Dylan. In the early 1990s when MTV introduced their Unplugged series, hardly a show went by without seeing a Festival Series guitar. The design also lent itself well to acoustic basses, and Washburn's AB Series quickly became popular both for its look and its tone, whether amplified or unplugged.

In recent years, Washburn licensed several notable guitar construction features:

• the Buzz Feiten Tuning System — a corrected temperation tuning formula, using a compensated nut and saddle to correct the inherent intonation problems of the Western tuning formula. This system came standard on some USA-made Washburn guitars and basses and was featured on select import models.^[19]
• Stephen's Extended Cutaway — special modification of bolt-on neck joint.^[20]
• Voice Contour Control (VCC) — a special potentiometer and wiring, intended to allow access to the entire range of tones "between" the one-coil ("single-coil" mode) and two-coil sounds of a humbucking pickup, rather than one or the other.^[21]

VCC is similar to coil splitting, in that it changes the tone of a humbucking pick-up to that of a single coil, but it does it by turning the tone knob ... without the hum normally associated with single coils.

Model number suffixes

Over the past 40 years, Washburn has accreted a system of identifying some of the most pertinent features in many of its acoustic instruments and some of the electric. Additional letters may be used to indicate the instrument's finish. While imperfectly applied, and sometimes awkwardly long, this can often be useful in identifying a given guitar.

suffix —

• C - cutaway
• DL - deluxe (generally, a standard model with a few upgraded features)
• E - electric (i.e., built-in pickup)
• K - kit (i.e., includes case or gig bag)
• LH - left-handed
• M - mahogany top
• Q - quilt maple top
• R - rosewood
• S - solid-wood top (rather than laminate)
• SP - spalt maple top
• SW - solid wood used throughout
• V - vibrato (on electric guitars)

This often combines with the prefix to tell a guitar's story. For example, the WLG110SWCEK indicates that it's part of the Woodline series (WL-), likely top of the line (110), Grand Auditorium (G) size, all solid wood, cutaway, piezo pickup, and originally included a case.

Past and present models

Any given series may have as little as one model.

electric guitars

prefix	Series	a.k.a	type	duration	comments
J		Jazz	hollowbody archtop	1989-date
HB		Hollow Body	semihollow archtop	1981-date
B	Bantam		headless bass	1984-1986	no connection to 1990s Bantams
GB	Bantam		headless bass/guitar	1984-1986	no connection to 1990s Bantams
G	Bantam		headless guitar	1984-1986	no connection to 1990s Bantams
CT	Centurian		carved-top	1997-2002
P	Centurian		carved-top	1997-2002
E	Centurian		carved-top	2001-2002
CP	Culprit			1998-2000
Dime	Dimebag Darrell			1995-2004	signature line
G	Force			1983-1988
CS	Hard Rock			2000-2002
NX	Nextar			2002-2003	Stephen's Extended Cutaway
PT		Poptop		2000-2002
RS	Hard Rock			2000-2002
WG	Hard Rock			2000-2002
WR	Hard Rock			2000-2002
	HM			2008-2010	Series, not prefix
WI	Idol			1999-2010
WM	HM			2008-2010	no connection to 1990s WM
WV		Wavepoint; Vee		2008-2010
WIN	Idol			2010-2014
JB	Jennifer Batten			2000-2004	signature line
KC	Chicago			1989-1991
LS	Laredo	Legacy; Silverado	S copy	1992-1994
LT	Laredo	Legacy; Silverado	T copy	1993-1994
MR	Magnum			1997-2000
BT	Maverick	BillyT; Bantam		1995-2002	all 24.75" scale
WM	Maverick			1997-2002	no connection to 2008 WM
DD	Maya	Dan Donegan		2005-2010	signature line
MG	Mercury			1992-1996
NC	Nick Catanese			2005-2009	signature line
N	Nuno Bettencourt			1990-date	Stephen's Extended Cutaway
PS	Paul Stanley			1998-date	signature line
RX	RX			2011-date
SI	Scott Ian			2005-2010	signature line
A	Stage			1980-1986
EC	Extended Cutaway			1988-1991	Stephen's Extended Cutaway
SS	Steve Stephens			1993-1994
AF	Tour	Ace Frehley		1987-1988	signature line
FV	Tour	Flying Vee		1984-1985
HM	Tour			1985-1987
RR	Tour			1985-1987
RS	Tour			1987-1988
WP	Tour	Paul copy		1987-1991
WT	Tour			1984-1994
	Wing			1978-1985
SB	Wing Reissue			1992-1995
X	X			2002-2010
XM	XM			2011-date
S	Sonamaster			2016-date
PX	Parallaxe			2013-date
PXM	Parallaxe			2013-date
PXS	Parallaxe			2013-date
PXL	Parallaxe		LP shape	2013-date
TB	Tabu			2009
WB	Lyon		S copy	1994-1995

basses

prefix	Series	a.k.a	type	duration	comments
B				1983-1985
B				1992
	Wing	Scavenger		1980-1981
B	Stage			1981-1984
B	Stage			1981-1984
B	Force		P copy	1983-1986
B	ABT			1987-1989
XS	Axxess			1990-1991
BB	Bantam			2006-2010
XB	Bantam			1994-2006
MB	Mercury			1992-1993
MB	Mercury			2002-2006
RB	RB			1999-2003
WP	Shadow		P copy	1997-1999
WJ	Shadow		J copy	1997-1999
S	Status 1000			1988-1993
SHB	Stu Hamm			2012-2016	signature
T	Taurus			2002-date
AB				2004-2006
	Bootsy Collins	Space Bass		2002-2006
CB				2007-2010
DB				2000
	Force			2002-2010
M				2002-2003
WB	Idol			2007-2010
SB	Sonamaster			2016-date
AB	Festival	Acoustic		1988-date

acoustic guitars

prefix	Series	shape	duration	type	comments
RW	Roger Waters		2004	acoustic/electric	RW300 signature (USA)
D		dreadnought	1978-2010
WD		dreadnought	2011-date
R	125th Anniversary	parlor	2008-2009
WSJ	125th Anniversary	southern jumbo	2008-2009
D		southern jumbo	1985-2000
F		folk	1978-2010
WF		folk	2012-date
WG		grand auditorium	2011-date
J		jumbo	1991-2010
SJ		southern jumbo	2004-2005
WB		baby jumbo	2007-2010
WJ		jumbo	2011-date
PS	Paul Stanley	dreadnought	2007
PS	Paul Stanley	folk	2007
PR	Prairie State	1920s	2002-2003
DC		dreadnought	1987-1994		Stephen's Extended Cutaway

Endorsers

Washburn uses the mechanism of endorsements, where:

• Manufacturer provides custom-shop instrument that suits the artist best, for free (or even paying artist).
• Artists promotes his or her usage of that instrument and advertises manufacturer company.

The current list of Washburn Signature endorsers.
Standard Washburn Endorsers.

Product lineup

Current Signature Product Lineup

• Nuno Bettencourt models are flagshipped by the American hand-made N4. The N4 is a small reverse-headstock "super-strat" that features the Stephen's Extended Cutaway neck joint for easy access to the higher frets. It is outfitted with a Bill Lawrence^® and a Seymour Duncan pickup, and a licensed Floyd Rose-type tremolo. The N1 and N2 are production (budget) models of this line, factory-built in Korea, and feature standard bolt-on necks and lower-grade pickups and tremolo systems. The N3 (discontinued) was also produced in Korea and sported the Stephen's Extended Cutaway but used lower-grade pickups.
  Bettencourt has endorsed several Washburn acoustic models as well. There is the N7 7-string model, and an acoustic/electric based on the Festival Series, the EA20SNB.
• Ola Englund Solar (2013/2014): Signature model announced by Washburn in 2013 for Swedish guitarist Ola Englund of Six Feet Under, Feared, and The Haunted.^[22]

• Warren Haynes - vocalist and guitarist, Gov't Mule, The Allman Brothers, and the Warren Haynes Band. The Washburn WSD5249 acoustic guitar is based on the original Washburn Solo Deluxe from 1937, which is similar in size to the popular OM shaped guitars on the market today. Adirondack Spruce top with period-correct vintage sunburst finish. Hand-shaped scalloped Adirondack Spruce bracing, solid rosewood sides, 2-piece back with vintage-inspired 1930s zipper-style inlaid herringbone stripe. The top has 3-ply ivoroid binding and the sound hole is finished by a ringed herringbone rosette.^[23]

Previous Signature Product lineup

• "Dimebag Darrell" Abbott Washburn's Dean ML-style Dime 333 and radical Gibson Explorer-like Dime Culprit models were the most popular. The Dime 333 had a Floyd Rose double-locking tremolo; the 332 variant featured a stop-tail bridge. The Culprit, with its sliced-up Explorer-style body, featured a Floyd Rose tremolo, a mirror pickguard and a pair of hot ceramic humbucking pickups with chrome cover.

• Paul Stanley Models for 2014were the PS2014, PS2012, PS 12 and PS10.^[24] Previous models have been the PS600 and PS800 (extensively used while touring with KISS), as well as the "Preacher" PS7000/PS7200/PS9000/PS9200 (which he used during his 2006-2007 tour to promote his solo album Live to Win). Stanley's line also includes the PS9 and PS11E acoustic guitars that feature his image on the front and come bundled with a custom gig bag.
• Jennifer Batten three guitars based on the WM design (the USA version of the Maverick BT Series guitars). All had three single-coil pickups: JB-80 (Korea), JB-100 (USA), JB-100 MIDI (USA) with installed Roland GK-2A divided pickup system.
• Steve Stevens Signature Model (1993) SS80 and SS100 models made at Washburn's Chicago custom shop. The SS40 was mass-produced in Korea. The SS80 was produced in black with gold hardware and a Schaller-licensed Floyd Rose tremolo, Seymour Duncan JB humbucking pickups. The SS100 featured black hardware and Frankenstein monster graphics.
• George Washburn / Stephens Extended Cutaway electric models were introduced in 1987 and designed entirely by Stephen Davies. The EC series had 3 models in the series: the EC-26 Atlantis, the EC-29 Challenger, and the EC-36 Spitfire. The EC-29 and EC-36 were the first mass-produced guitars that had over 27 frets. The EC26 had 26 frets, was made in the U.S.A. and is a very rare model.
• Nick Catanese Signature Model (1999) Idol Series for Nick Catanese.
• Stu Hamm - Signature electric bass model designed by Stu Hamm.^[25]

• Dan Donegan Signature Model/Maya Series (2003): A six-string electric guitar series for Disturbed guitarist Dan Donegan and named after his daughter Maya. There were two models: the Maya Standard (DD-70) and the Maya Pro (DD-75). Both use Seymour Duncan pickups.
• Bootsy Collins Space bass (2006): Signature model for Bootsy Collins. Features Fender Jazz Bass pickups.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Washburn Guitars.

• Washburn Guitars
• Washburn discussion forums
• Vintage Washburn Website
• The Guitar Collection includes an example of a Washburn A15
• Stephen's Guitars and Washburn Extended Cutaway Series Website