Ezekiel 38
| Ezekiel 38 | |
|---|---|
|
Book of Ezekiel 30:13–18 in an English manuscript from early 13th century, MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a. A Latin translation appears in the margins with further interlineations above the Hebrew. | |
| Book | Book of Ezekiel |
| Bible part | Old Testament |
| Order in the Bible part | 26 |
| Category | Nevi'im |
Ezekiel 38 is the thirty-eighth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies spoken by the prophet Ezekiel, and is a part of the Books of the Prophets.[1][2] This chapter and the next form a section dealing with "Gog, of the land of Magog."[3]
Text
- The original text is written in Hebrew language.
- This chapter is divided into 23 verses.
Textual versions
Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:
- Masoretic Text (10th century)
- Dead Sea Scrolls: (2nd century BC) [4]
- Masada (MasEzek): extant verses 1‑4, 7‑8
Ancient translations in Koine Greek:
- Septuagint
- Theodotion version
Structure
NKJV groups this chapter into:
- Ezekiel 38:1-17 = Gog and Allies Attack Israel
- Ezekiel 38:18-23 = Judgment on Gog
War of Ezekiel 38–39
The War of Ezekiel 38–39 or The War of Gog and Magog is an episode described in the Book of Ezekiel chapters 38–39 which tells how Gog of Magog (meaning "Gog from the Land of Gog") and his hordes from the north will threaten the restored Israel, but will be destroyed by God.[5] Then, following the defeat of Gog, God will establish a new Temple where he will dwell forever with his people (chapters 40-48).[6] The underlying theological message is that even so fearsome an enemy as this is ultimately under the control of the God of Israel, since it is God himself who says to Gog, "I will bring you against my land."[7]
Verse 2
- "Son of man, set your face against Gog, of the land of Magog, the prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal, and prophesy against him" (NKJV)[8]
- "Son of man" (Hebrew: בן־אדם ḇen-’ā-ḏām): this phrase is used 93 times to address Ezekiel.[9]
- "Rosh" (Hebrew: ראש rōsh: can also be translated as "head" (of human and animal); "top" (of the mountain); "beginning" (of time); "river-head"; "chief" (as in "chief-prince", "chief-priest", head of the family).[10][11] In conjunction to the preceding word "prince", most English Bibles translates them as "chief prince."[12]
See also
- Related Bible parts: Genesis 10, Ezekiel 39, Revelation 20
Notes and references
- ↑ J. D. Davis. 1960. A Dictionary of The Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House.
- ↑ Therodore Hiebert, et.al. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
- ↑ Clements 1996, p. 170.
- ↑ Timothy A. J. Jull; Douglas J. Donahue; Magen Broshi; Emanuel Tov (1995). "Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert". Radiocarbon. 38 (1): 14. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ↑ Blenkinsopp 1996, p. 178.
- ↑ Bullock, p.301
- ↑ Petersen, p.158
- ↑ Ezekiel 38:2
- ↑ Bromiley 1995, p. 574.
- ↑ Brown, 1994 & "רוּחַ".
- ↑ Gesenius, 1979 & "רוּחַ".
- ↑ The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. p. 1235-1236 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810
Bibliography
- Blenkinsopp, Joseph. "A history of prophecy in Israel" (Westminster John Knox Press, 1996)
- Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995). International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: vol. iv, Q-Z. Eerdmans.
- Brown, Francis; Briggs, Charles A.; Driver, S. R. (1994). The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon (reprint ed.). Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN 978-1565632066.
- Bullock, C. Hassell. "An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books" (Moody Press, 1986)
- Clements, Ronald E (1996). Ezekiel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664252724.
- Gesenius, H. W. F. (1979). Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: Numerically Coded to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, with an English Index. Translated by Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux (7th ed.). Baker Book House.
- Grabbe, Lester L., and Robert Hakke (eds), "'Every city shall be forsaken': urbanism and prophecy in ancient Israel and the Near East" (Sheffield Academic Press, 2001)
- Joyce, Paul M. (2009). Ezekiel: A Commentary. Continuum. ISBN 9780567483614.
- Petersen, David L. "The prophetic literature: an introduction" (Westminster John Knox Press, 2002)
- Redditt, Paul L. "Introduction to the Prophets" (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2008)