Walter Reynolds

Walter Reynolds
Archbishop of Canterbury
Tomb of Reynolds in Canterbury Cathedral
Appointed	1313
Installed	January 1314
Term ended	16 November 1327
Predecessor	Thomas Cobham
Successor	Simon Mepeham
Other posts	Bishop of Worcester
Orders
Consecration	13 October 1308
Personal details
Died	16 November 1327


Lord High Treasurer
In office 1307–1310
Monarch	Edward II
Preceded by	Walter Langton
Succeeded by	John Sandall
Keeper of the Great Seal
In office 1310–1314
Monarch	Edward II
Preceded by	John Langton
Succeeded by	John Sandall

Walter Reynolds (died 1327) was Bishop of Worcester and then Archbishop of Canterbury (1313–1327) as well as Lord High Treasurer and Lord Chancellor.

Life

Reynolds was the son of a baker from Windsor in Berkshire,^[1] and became a clerk, or chaplain, in the service of Edward I.

Reynolds held several livings and, owing perhaps to his acting skill, he became a prime favourite with the prince of Wales, afterwards Edward II, whom he served as Keeper of the Great Wardrobe.^[1] Just after the prince became king, on 22 August 1307 Reynolds was appointed Treasurer of England.^[2] On 13 November 1307 he was elected Bishop of Worcester and consecrated on 13 October 1308.^[3] He was also on 6 July 1310 named Keeper of the Great Seal and Lord Chancellor of England.^[4]^[5] Amongst his duties as Bishop of Worcester was to act as the parton and appoint the Headmaster of the school that later became the Royal Grammar School Worcester.

Reynolds was one of the godfathers of the future Edward III when the prince was christened on 17 November 1312.^[6]

When Robert Winchelsea, Archbishop of Canterbury, died in May 1313 Edward II convinced Pope Clement V to appoint his favourite to the vacant archbishopric, and Reynolds was enthroned at Canterbury Cathedral in January 1314 as the 51st Archbishop.^[7]

Although the private life of the new archbishop appears to have been the reverse of exemplary he attempted to carry out some very necessary reforms in his new official capacity; he also continued the struggle for precedence, which had been carried on for many years between the archbishops of Canterbury and of York. In this connection in 1317 he laid London under an interdict after William de Melton, the Archbishop of York, had passed through its streets with his cross borne erect before him.

Reynolds remained in general loyal to Edward II until 1324, when with all his suffragans he opposed the king in defence of the Bishop of Hereford, Adam of Orlton.^[8] He then fought with Edward II over liturgical issues, and sent sums of money to Queen Isabella in her rebellion against Edward II.^[9] Having fled for safety into Kent he returned to London and declared for Edward III, whom he crowned on 1 February 1327.^[10] He was appointed as a member of the Regency Council for Edward III that was formed in February 1327.^[11] In 1327 Reynolds popularised in England the political argument of vox populi, vox Dei, contrary to Alcuin's original warning to Charlemagne to resist such arguments, as the title of his sermon laying charges against Edward II.

Reynolds died at Mortlake on 16 November 1327.^[7]^[12]

Citations

1 2 Weir Queen Isabella p. 21
↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 104
↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 279
↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 86
↑ Weir Queen Isabella p. 52
↑ Weir Queen Isabella p. 71
1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 233
↑ Weir Queen Isabella pp. 158-159
↑ Weir Queen Isabella p. 234
↑ Weir Queen Isabella p. 261
↑ Weir Queen Isabella p. 264
↑ Weir Queen Isabella pp. 305-306

References

Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
Weir, Alison Queen Isabella: Treachery, Adultery and Murder in Medieval England New York: Ballantine 2005 ISBN 0-345-45319-0

External links

List of Keepers from Office of Constitutional Affairs

Political offices
Preceded by Walter Langton	Lord High Treasurer 1307–1310	Succeeded by John Sandall
Preceded by John Langton (Lord Chancellor)	Keeper of the Great Seal 1310–1314	Succeeded by John Sandall (Lord Chancellor)
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by William Gainsborough	Bishop of Worcester 1307–1313	Succeeded by Walter Maidstone
Preceded by Robert Winchelsey (Thomas Cobham chosen but vetoed by the Pope)	Archbishop of Canterbury 1313–1327	Succeeded by Simon Mepeham

Archbishops of Canterbury
Pre-Conquest	Augustine Laurence Mellitus Justus Honorius Deusdedit Wighard Theodore of Tarsus Berhtwald Tatwine Nothhelm Cuthbert Bregowine Jænberht Æthelhard Wulfred Feologild Ceolnoth Æthelred Plegmund Athelm Wulfhelm Oda Ælfsige Byrhthelm Dunstan Æthelgar Sigeric the Serious Ælfric of Abingdon Ælfheah Lyfing Æthelnoth Eadsige Robert of Jumièges Stigand
Conquest–Reformation	Lanfranc Anselm Ralph d'Escures William de Corbeil Theobald of Bec Thomas Becket Roger de Bailleul Richard of Dover Baldwin of Forde Reginald Fitz Jocelin Hubert Walter Reginald John de Gray Stephen Langton Walter d'Eynsham Richard le Grant Ralph Neville John of Sittingbourne John Blund Edmund of Abingdon Boniface William Chillenden Robert Kilwardby Robert Burnell John Peckham Robert Winchelsey Thomas Cobham Walter Reynolds Simon Mepeham John de Stratford John de Ufford Thomas Bradwardine Simon Islip William Edington Simon Langham William Whittlesey Simon Sudbury William Courtenay Thomas Arundel Roger Walden Thomas Arundel Henry Chichele John Stafford John Kemp Thomas Bourchier John Morton Thomas Langton Henry Deane William Warham Thomas Cranmer Reginald Pole
Post-Reformation	Matthew Parker Edmund Grindal John Whitgift Richard Bancroft George Abbot William Laud William Juxon Gilbert Sheldon William Sancroft John Tillotson Thomas Tenison William Wake John Potter Thomas Herring Matthew Hutton Thomas Secker Frederick Cornwallis John Moore Charles Manners-Sutton William Howley John Bird Sumner Charles Longley Archibald Campbell Tait Edward White Benson Frederick Temple Randall Davidson Cosmo Lang William Temple Geoffrey Fisher Michael Ramsey Donald Coggan Robert Runcie George Carey Rowan Williams Justin Welby
Italics indicate a person who was elected but not confirmed.

Bishops of Worcester
Early Medieval	Bosel Oftfor Egwin of Evesham Wilfrith (I) Milred Waermund Tilhere Heathured Denebeorht Heahbeorht Ealhhun Werferth Æthelhun Wilfrith (II) Koenwald St Dunstan St Oswald Ealdwulf
High Medieval	Wulfstan (I) Leofsige Beorhtheah Lyfing Ælfric Puttoc Lyfing Ealdred St Wulfstan (II) Samson Theulf Simon John de Pageham Alured Roger Baldwin of Forde William of Northall Robert FitzRalph Henry de Sully John of Coutances Mauger Randulf of Evesham Walter de Gray Sylvester William de Blois Walter de Cantilupe Nicholas of Ely Godfrey Giffard
Late Medieval	John St German William Gainsborough Walter Reynolds Walter Maidstone Thomas Cobham Wulstan Bransford Adam Orleton Simon Montacute Thomas Hemenhale Wulstan Bransford John of Thoresby Reginald Brian John Barnet William Whittlesey William Lenn Walter Lyghe Henry Wakefield Robert Tideman of Winchcombe Richard Clifford Thomas Peverel Philip Morgan Thomas Polton Thomas Brunce Thomas Bourchier John Carpenter ("Bishop of Worcester and Westbury") John Alcock Robert Morton Giovanni de' Gigli
Early modern	Silvestro de' Gigli Girolamo Ghinucci Hugh Latimer John Bell Nicholas Heath John Hooper Nicholas Heath Richard Pate Edwin Sandys Nicholas Bullingham John Whitgift Edmund Freke Richard Fletcher Thomas Bilson Gervase Babington Henry Parry John Thornborough John Prideaux George Morley John Gauden John Earle Robert Skinner Walter Blandford James Fleetwood William Thomas Edward Stillingfleet William Lloyd John Hough Isaac Maddox James Johnson Brownlow North Richard Hurd
Late modern	Folliott Cornewall Robert Carr Henry Pepys Henry Philpott John Perowne Charles Gore Huyshe Yeatman-Biggs Ernest Pearce Arthur Perowne William Wilson Cash Mervyn Charles-Edwards Robin Woods Philip Goodrich Peter Selby John Inge

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 3783795 LCCN: n80138781 GND: 1016895593 BNF: cb15052861s (data) IATH: w6gj361r

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "^{article name needed}". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

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