Waanyi

The Waanyi people are an Indigenous Australian people south of the Gulf of Carpentaria in Queensland who live in the vicinity of the south of the upper Nicholson River^[1] south of the Garrwa people, west of the Injilarija and Nguburinji tribes,^[2] and east of the Wambaya and Wakaya tribes.

Language

The Waanyi language now moribund had some 10 speakers in 1981, mainly to the west of Doomadgee.^[3] It is classified as one of the Garrwan languages.^[4]

Ecology

The Waanyi territory was in well-watered limestone and sandstone country, including parts of the Gregory River.

History

The whole area of the north was affected deeply by the pastoral boom opened up in 1881 in the Northern Territory, with massive stations under the control of a few eastern investors hastily stocked with cattle: the key watering sites were locked out, tribes were shot at sight, and many groups moved east into the Gulf of Carpentaria, where the same phenomenon repeated itself. The Waanyi and the Garawa, like many Gulf of Carpentaria tribes that found their areas taken over for pastoral leases and resisted dispossession, found themselves threatened. The Eastern Waanyi were wiped out:^[5] settler vigilantes and police magistrates employed native mounted troopers to ambush, murder and massacre any aboriginal groups they came across. The lessees of Gregory Downs submitted testimony in 1880 that the police rounded up blacks and then shot them, while that of Lawn Hill fived years later said that on his cattle run alone police had shot over a hundred blacks in three years, without achieving their aim of stopping the killing of livestock.^[6] The displaced Waanyi eventually took over the territory in the Lawn Hill area of the extinct Injilarija.^[7]

Native Title

The Waanyi first lodged a native title claim over an area known to them traditionally as Wugujaji in June 1994.^[8] Under a Queensland Government land act of 1989, CZL was granted two mining leases covering 23,585 hectares extending through Waanyi land the Century Mine was established on it.^[9] Eventually the terms of a settlement were agreed on, and CZL paid funding, training and employment to the traditional peoples, an accord known as the $90 million offer.^[10]

The Waanyi claim a right to co-manage both the Boodjamulla National Park and Riversleigh, the latter holding the richest Oligocene and Miocene mammalian and reptile fossil field in the world.^[11]

Notable people

Alexis Wright, a writer of Waanyi descent whose novel Carpentaria (2006) won the prestigious Australian Miles Franklin Award.^[12]

Notes and references

Notes

↑ Trigger 1992, p. 26.
↑ Trigger 2015, p. 56.
↑ Moseley 2008, p. 836.
↑ Mushin 2013, p. 5.
↑ Roberts 2005, pp. 274–292,274.
↑ Evans 2007, p. 137.
↑ Sutton 2004, p. 5.
↑ Harwood 2002, p. 85.
↑ Harwood 2002, p. 82.
↑ Harwood 2002, p. 86.
↑ Smith 2008, p. 165.
↑ Ravenscroft 2016, pp. 59–79,76ff..

References

Evans, Raymond (2007). A History of Queensland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87692-6.
Harwood, Alison (2002). "Indigenous Sovereignty and Century Zinc". In Evans, Geoffrey Russell; Goodman, James; Lansbury, Nina. Moving Mountains: Communities Confront Mining and Globalization. Zed Books. pp. 159–171. ISBN 978-1-842-77199-0.
Kerwin, Dale (2011). Aboriginal Dreaming Paths and Trading Routes: The Colonisation of the Australian Economic Landscape. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-845-19529-8.
Moseley, Christopher (2008). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79640-2.
Mushin, Ilana (2013). A Grammar of (Western) Garrwa. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-1-614-51241-7.
Ravenscroft, Alison (2016) [First published 2012]. The Postcolonial Eye: White Australian Desire and the Visual Field of Race. Routledge. pp. 59–79. ISBN 978-1-317-01969-5.
Roberts, Tony (2005). Frontier Justice: A History of the Gulf Country to 1900. University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-702-24083-6.
Smith, Laurajane (2008). "Empty Gestures? Heritage and the Politics of Recognition". In Silverman, Helaine; Ruggles, D. Fairchild. Cultural Heritage and Human Rights: Cultural heritage in a globalized world. Springer. pp. 159–171. ISBN 978-0-387-76579-2.
Sutton, Peter (2004). Native Title in Australia: An Ethnographic Perspective. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-44949-6.
Trigger, David (2015). "Change and Succession in Aboriginal Claims to Land". In Toner, P.G. Strings of Connectedness: Essays in honour of Ian Keen. Australian National University Press. pp. 53–73. ISBN 978-1-925-02263-6.
Trigger, David Samuel (1992). Whitefella Comin': Aboriginal Responses to Colonialism in Northern Australia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-40181-4.

Indigenous Australian peoples in Queensland
Aboriginal	Ayapathu Bakanambia Bigambul Biria Butchulla Bwgcolman Dalla Darumbal Djabugay Djagaraga Djindubari Djiru Dyirbal Ganggalida Garrwa Gia Giabal Goeng Goreng goreng Gubbi Gubbi Gumakudin Guugu Yimithirr Injilarija Injinoo Jagera Jupangati Kaantju Kaiadilt Kalkadoon Kangulu Kaurareg Kawadji Koinjmal Kokangol Kooma Kugu Nganhcara Kuku Nyungkal Kuku Yalanji Lama Lama Lardil Mamu Manbarra Mandandanji Mbabaram Mingginda Murri Ngajanji Ngaro Nguburinji Ngugi Nunukul Nyawagyi Olkola Otati Pakadji Pontunj Quandamooka Tagalag Thaayorre Tjongkandji Totj Tulua Turrbal Umpila Umpithamu Undanbi Unduyamo Uw Oykangand Waanyi Wakka Wakka Warrongo Wik Wik-Mungkan Wiri Woppaburra Wulgurukaba Yadhaigana Yidinji Yiman Yintyingka Yir-Yoront Yirrganydji Yugambeh Yuibera Yurlayurlanya
Torres Strait Islanders	Badu Kaurareg‎ Mabuiag Mua
By state or territory New South Wales Northern Territory Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia

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