Wheeling Jamboree

The Wheeling Jamboree is a pioneering American radio show that features country music and has aired since 1933. It was broadcast from Wheeling, West Virginia on WWVA, the first radio station in West Virginia and a 50,000-watt clear-channel station,[1] from its launch through approximately 2008. As of 2016, the Jamboree now only broadcasts on a 6-watt low-power station and is, for the most part, no longer broadcast live. Numerous acts and stars passed through the annals of the Jamboree; some reached fame and fortune while others fell into oblivion. It is the second oldest country music broadcast in the United States after the Grand Ole Opry.

History

Beginnings

WWVA was granted a license on December 6, 1926 and its initial broadcast, via a 50-watt transmitter, was on December 13. Two-and-a-half years later, on July 1, 1929, WWVA had increased its power to 5,000 watts.[1] Holland Engel and Howard Donahoe were among the first announcers, and in 1927, the station signed William Wallace "Bill" Jones and the Sparkling Four as its first hillbilly act. The quartet played requests made over the telephone. Jones received so many requests for yodeling songs—because of the popularity of the Blue Yodeler Jimmie Rodgers—that he was dubbed Silver Yodelin' Bill Jones. The new program director, George W. Smith, was appointed in 1931 and he quickly saw the potential of country music.[2] Other acts such as ballad singer Fred Craddock and His Happy Five and the traditionalist Elmer Crowe joined the Jamboree. The professional trio of Cap, Andy and Flip also signed with WWVA in 1932.[3]

1930s

On January 7, 1933, the Saturday night Jamboree began and three months later, on April 1, a live audience was added. The live-audience premiere of The World's Original WWVA Jamboree took place at the Capitol Theatre in Wheeling. The following years, the Jamboree broadcast from a different location each Saturday.[2] The Sparkling Four disbanded in 1933 and Bill Jones formed the Rhythm Rogues.[3] On November 11, 1933, Cowboy Loye (Loye Donald Pack) joined the show, and based on the amount of mail he received, became one of the biggest stars of the Jamboree. Cowboy Loye often performed together with "Just Plain" John Oldham. Four years later, in 1937, Cowboy Loye left WWVA and moved to Nebraska. He died in 1941.[4]

Sponsored by Georgie Porgie Breakfast Foods, Hugh Cross joined the Jamboree in 1935. Cross, who was an experienced radio and recording artist, teamed up with Shug Fisher and they formed Hugh and Shug's Radio Pals. They left WWVA in 1939 for WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio.[5] In March, 1935, announcer Murrell Poor was added to the Jamboree cast.[4] Frankie More, who was sponsored by Pinex Cough Syrup, signed with the Jamboree in 1936. The name of Frankie More's band, the Log Cabin Gang, varied between Log Cabin Boys or Log Cabin Girls during the "Gangs" period on the show. The most prominent member of the Log Cabin Gang was the banjo player Cousin Emmy.[6] The Log Cabin Gang left the Jamboree in 1941.[7]

Grandpa Jones signed with the show in 1936 and joined the Rhythm Rangers, but he left the following year. He returned for a short stint in 1941 and 1945. In May 1937, Doc Williams and the Border Riders joined the program. The Border Riders became the Jamboree's most popular act of 1938.[5] Joe Barker and the Chuck Wagon Gang came to the Jamboree in 1937. They remained favorites with the audience until 1950.[8] In December 1937, the western singer Big Slim McAuliffe became a member of the Border Riders.[9] In 1939, Lew Childre joined the Jamboree staying almost four years. An aspiring young star, Floyd Tillman was one of the members of Childre's group.[8] Among other performers who passed through the Jamboree during the 1930s were the duets of Hank and Slim Newman, Chuck and Don, Handsome Bob and Happy Johnny; and the cowboy bands Slim Cox and his Flyin' X Roundup, and Tex Harrison's Texas Buckaroos.[4]

1940s

The concentration of female performers was larger at the WWVA Jamboree than elsewhere in the music business. Singers like Gertrude Miller, Mary "Sunflower" Calvas, Mary Ann Vestes, and Chickie Williams had a large following which increased even more at the outburst of World War II when most of the men were drafted.[7] Some artists like Warren Caplinger, Hugh Cross, Frankie More and Slim McAuliffe had had recording experiences prior to the WWVA engagement and did fairly well. Others, like Johnny Bailes, Red Sovine, Charlie Monroe and Floyd Tillman did not.[8] Many performers could only receive a salary if their sponsors sold any products via their shows.[10] Rural comedy was an integral part of the Jamboree with acts such as Crazy Elmer, Shorty Godwin, Dapper Dan Martin, Smokey Pleacher, Lazy Jim Day, and Cy Sneezeweed.[7]

On October 8, 1942, WWVA increased its power and became a 50,000-watt station. Because of the World War II, the WWVA Jamboree discontinued live-audience broadcasts between December 12, 1942 and July 13, 1946. The Jamboree, however, continued as a daytime show without a live audience. Many of the artists of the show like Doc Williams, Joe Barker, Curley Miller, Monte Blake, and Lloyd Carter got drafted and had to leave.[11] During this period many war influenced songs were written and performed on the Jamboree: "A Hundred Million Kisses For Hitler," "The Devil and Mr Hitler," "A Letter To A Soldier," and "You Won't Know Tokyo When We Get Through." The war helped new acts on their way to the top such as the 1943 addition of Radio Rangerettes consisting of Millie Wayne and Bonnie Baldwin. In 1944, Toby Stroud's Wyoming Ranch Boys became popular.[12] Other popular acts were Honey and Sonny (the Davis twins), and Eileen and Maxine (the Newcomer twins). Two years later, in May 1946, program director George W. Smith died but was quickly replaced by Paul Miller and William Rine.[13]

On July 13, 1946, The World's Original WWVA Jamboree once again began its live-audience broadcast after a four-year halt. It was held at the Virginia Theatre in Wheeling and contained 13 acts. New performers had been added to the show in 1945, including the "Singing Mountaineer" Reed Dunn and the honky-tonk vocalist Hawkshaw Hawkins. Hawkins soon became the most popular star on the Jamboree.[13] He stayed with the show until 1954 when he joined Ozark Jubilee. He was nicknamed the Hawk or Eleven Yards of Personality during his time at the show.[14] In December 1947, Wilma Lee and Stoney Cooper signed with the Jamboree. They had previously been members of the Jamboree act the Leary Family in 1942.[15] The Coopers left the WWVA Jamboree in 1957 to join the Grand Ole Opry.[16] The traditional acts of Red Belcher's Kentucky Ridge Runners and the duo of Lee and Juanita Moore were added in the late 1940s. Juanita Moore left the show in 1960 and Lee Moore carried on as a solo act. More modern performers such as Don Kidwell and the actor Jimmy Walker also joined the cast in 1949. Although Kidwell left the show in 1953, Walker continued on and off until 1964.[17] The gospel quartet of the Sunshine Boys became part of the Jamboree in 1949 and they remained there for two years. The "Yodelin' Ranger" Hank Snow and the Colorado singing cowboy Ken Curtis joined the Jamboree in the late 1940s as two separate acts. Snow and Curtis left within a year and Curtis went on to become a successful Hollywood actor. The country music writer and musician George Morgan also worked at the Jamboree for a few months before leaving for Grand Ole Opry.[18]

1950s

In 1951, the Country Harmony Boys, the first country band to have a union contract joined the WWVA Jamboree. They worked as a staff band meaning they worked with anybody on the show that could use them.[18] The majority of the cast at the Jamboree did not make recordings, but those who did include Hawkshaw Hawkins, Wilma Lee & Stoney Cooper, Big Slim McAuliffe, Red Belcher, the Lilly Brothers, Gay Schwing, Lee & Juanita Moore, the Ritchie Brothers, Roy Scott, and the Radio Rangerettes. Doc Williams even founded his own record company, Wheeling Records.[19] In 1953, the honky-tonk vocalist Sidney "Hardrock" Gunter came to the show. He later branched out on his own recording rockabilly for Sun Records. During the 1950s, recorded music gradually replaced live performances and Hardrock Gunter and Lee Moore became the station's deejays. Married couples who performed at the Jamboree became increasingly popular such as Joe & Shirley Barker, Lee & Juanita Moore, Doc & Chickie Williams, and Wilma Lee & Stoney Cooper.[20] In April 1952, bluegrass music made its entry at the Jamboree when the Bailey Brothers and Their Happy Valley Boys were signed.[21] The Bailey Brothers left the show in 1954 when Dan Bailey became ill and returned to Tennessee.[22]

The bluegrass duo of Jim & Jesse McReynolds and Hylo Brown had a short stint at the Jamboree during the summer months of 1955. In October 1956, the Osborne Brothers joined the Jamboree. They had previously been on the show, between August and December 1955, as part of Charlie Bailey's Band. The Osbornes left the show and moved to the Grand Ole Opry in 1963. As the fame of Elvis Presley began to increase, a similar decrease in honky-tonk and traditional styles began to take its toll among the members of the Jamboree and many was forced to leave.[22] During this period rockabilly became a regular feature at the show with artists like Bob Gallion, Hardrock Gunter and Chuck & Jim Cook. All had joined earlier as straight country singers. The Jamboree managed to survive the explosion of rock 'n roll through a mix of rockabilly and traditional music.[23]

1960s and 70s

In July 1962, the Virginia Theatre in Wheeling was demolished. It had been the home of The World's Original WWVA Jamboree since July 1946. The Rex Theatre became the new locale for the live-audience Jamboree. WWVA-AM changed ownership in the mid-1960s and a new program director was appointed in August 1965, Lee Sutton. Plans arose to cancel the Jamboree but Doc Williams and John Corrigan wanted to revitalize the show instead. The Jamboree added 27 new acts within the next 15 months, including country and bluegrass music acts such as David Houston, Esco Hankins and the Stanley Brothers.[24] On November 8, 1965, the new program director, Arlen Sanders, made WWVA a "full-time country radio station"[25] and on January 15, 1966, the Jamboree moved to a new location at Wheeling Island Exhibition Hall.[24] In May 1966, Mac Wiseman was hired to work both as a performer and a talent agent. He started a new radio program in October, the Mac Wiseman Record Shop, which aired at midnight following the Jamboree. The deejay, Lee Moore, went on the air with a new program on November 1, 1966, The All Night Show. Lee Moore eventually left the show in 1973 as he became increasingly tired of being a "button-pusher".[25][26]

On December 13, 1969, the WWVA Jamboree moved its live-audience shows back to the same Capitol Theatre used for the 1933 broadcasts. The Capitol Theatre had been purchased in the summer of 1969 by Communications Inc. and had its name changed to Capitol Music Hall. The Jamboree changed its name as well to the more cosmopolitan sounding Jamboree U.S.A.[25] Special guest stars such as Buck Owens, Ray Price, Charlie Pride and Tammy Wynette, who weren't part of the regular cast, began to appear, and the regular artists were overshadowed. Despite the new format, Doc Williams continued to perform at the Jamboree well into the 1980s.[26] Rockabilly singer Bob Gallion began to sing country duets with Patti Powell in the 1970s. The yodeler Kenny Roberts left the Jamboree in 1973 after a 14-year stint.

A new roster of country music stars were tied to the Jamboree during the 1960s and 1970s including Freddy Carr, Jimmie Stephens, Darnell Miller, Junior Norman, Kenny Biggs, Gus Thomas, Slim Lehart, and Bud Cutright.[27] Also bluegrass groups like Jimmy Martin and the Sunny Mountain Boys, Charlie Moore & Bill Napier, Red Smiley and His Bluegrass Cutups, Tater Tate and the Shenadoah Cutups, and Frank Necessary and the Stone Mountain Boys became more common at the Jamboree.[28] Even gospel groups like the Blue Ridge Quartet—who became the most popular act of 1970—and Walter Bailes Singers were regulars at the show. In the early 1970s, "Trucker's Jamborees" were held at the Jamboree with performers such as Dick Curless, Dave Dudley, and Patti Powell. Homecoming reunions were arranged where the old-timers of yesterday like Bill Jones, Elmer Crowe, Doc Williams, and Grandpa Jones could gather. It is estimated that between 1933 and 1976, more than five million visitors attended The World's Original WWVA Jamboree.[29]

During the entire decade of the 1970s, former Country Music bandleader Glenn Reeves was the Executive Director and General manager of the show. Reeves' tenure lasted until 1982. Freddy Carr, Jerry Brightman, Gus Thomas, and Jim Sutton were included on his management team which launched the annual summer Country Music Festival, "Jamboree in the Hills" at nearby St. Clairsville, Ohio. This multi-day annual festival still continues to this day as one of America's major American Country Music festivals, featuring top-name stars on its headliners' list every year. (The Jamboree in the Hills was later spun off to Live Nation in 2006; WWVA owner iHeartMedia continues to air the annual event on WOVK.)

1990s

Though WWVA dropped its country music format in 1997, it continued to carry the Jamboree on Saturday nights. The station's ownership would change hands several times during this period; Atlantic Star Communications would sell the group to Chancellor/AMFM Inc. which would ultimately merge into Clear Channel Communications. The Capitol Music Hall and the Jamboree would also be managed by Clear Channel's concert promotion division, Live Nation.

Cancellation and attempted revivals

WWVA stopped airing live, original Jamborees in December 2005, but continued to air reruns during this time. The last show listed on WWVA's Web site is dated January 6, 2007. Clear Channel and Live Nation closed the Capitol Music Hall after the building failed an annual safety inspection in the spring of 2007 and was hit with a list of fire code violations. It was since sold off to a local coalition that includes the Wheeling Convention Bureau. Live shows were resumed in March 2008, before the show was finally canceled in December 2008.

As of 2010, its time slot on WWVA is occupied by The Weekend, a tape-delayed nationally syndicated talk radio program produced by WWVA sister company Premiere Networks. Rival talk station WKKX immediately purchased the rights to air the program, which was spun off by Live Nation to a local non-profit corporation, thus ending the affiliation between the radio show and the Jamboree in the Hills. The show was renamed the Wheeling Jamboree at that time, for legal purposes; however, one of the Jamboree's Web sites (the video service wwva.tv) uses the WWVA name, with a disclaimer disavowing association with the WWVA radio station and a declaration that usage of the WWVA sequence is meant only as an abbreviation for Wheeling, West Virginia.

WKKX became the flagship station for the Jamboree Radio Network, with the show being held inside the Wheeling Island Hotel & Casino on Wheeling Island. The Capitol, which still serves as the studio facilities for WWVA and the other five stations in Clear Channel's Wheeling cluster, is in the process of being restored, which will be completed sometime in 2010.

The 2010 Board of Directors dedicated to preserving the show, includes Country Music Star Pam Tillis.

By 2014, the Jamboree established its own owned-and-operated station, WWOV-LP. WWOV operates on an extremely low-power broadcast (6 watts of effective radiated power, compared to the 50,000 watts on AM that WWVA provided) with no commercials in accordance with Federal Communications Commission non-commercial educational regulations. Syndication of the Jamboree was also discontinued at the same time. Since 2012, the Jamboree has not had a set home, rotating between as many as 15 venues in the Wheeling metropolitan area until 2016. The Jamboree has purchased a building in Wheeling to serve as a future home for the program, but it requires massive renovations and in the process, the weekly live performance was again canceled except for special occasions and the program again was put into reruns. A GoFundMe account was set up in February to help fund the renovations; it has raised less than 2% of its goal by December.

The Goodwill Tours

In April 1939, the Jamboree went on its first package tour which comprised two solo performers and seven bands led by the announcer Bill Thomas. They visited three towns in Pennsylvania and three towns in Ohio. The first Goodwill Tour was a success and thus, a new Goodwill Tour was arranged each year.[10]

The First Goodwill Tour of 1939 consisted of Big Slim McAuliffe, Elmer Crowe, Doc Williams' Border Riders, Fincher's Cotton Pickers, Frankie More's Log Cabin Girls, Joe Barker's Radio Cirkus, Hugh & Shug's Radio Pals, Jake Taylor's Railsplitters and the Tommy Nelson Gang.[10]

The Second Goodwill Tour of 1940 consisted of Bill Jones, Big Slim McAuliffe, the Border Riders, Fincher's Cotton Pickers, the Log Cabin Girls, the Radio Cirkus, the Tommy Nelson Gang, Pete Cassell, Mack Jeffers, Curley Miller and Blaine Smith.[10]

The Third Goodwill Tour of 1941 consisted of Bill Jones, Big Slim's Happy Ranch Gang, Lew Childre and His Buckeyes, Chief Redhawk, the Chuck Wagon Doughboys, the Log Cabin Boys, Brown Eyes, Benny Kissinger and Smiley Sutter.[11]

The Fourth Goodwill Tour of 1942 consisted of Bill Jones, Big Slim McAuliffe, the Border Riders, Lew Childre, the Leary Family, Curley Miller, the blind twins Eileen and Maxine, Smiley Sutter and Millie Wayne.[11]

Jamboree venue timeline

Years Venue Description
1927–1933 Hawley Building, first WWVA studios Gave start to WWVA Jamboree; now known as Mull Center Offices
January 7, 1933–February 10, 1934 Capitol Theatre WWVA Jamboree relocates to the Capitol Theatre for a brief run.
February 1934–1936 Victoria Theatre Show moved here for short run: West Virginia's oldest theater.
1937–1945 Market Auditorium Demolished 1950s
1946–July 1962 Virginia Theatre Also location of WWVA Jamboree for short run in 1936; demolished 1962.
1962–1965 Rex Theater (also briefly known as Coronet Theater) Demolished 1970s.
1966–1969 Wheeling Island Exhibition Hall Currently owned by Wheeling Island Gaming, Inc.; not in use.
1969–2006 Capitol Theatre This period included the Jamboree USA years. Theater renamed Capitol Music Hall. Clear Channel terminated the program at the end of 2005 and closed the theater. Repurchased by local groups in 2009, the theater underwent renovation with plans of reopening that fall.
2010–2012 Strand Theatre Located in Moundsville, West Virginia.
2012–present Wheeling Island Hotel & Casino Located at Wheeling Island in Wheeling, West Virginia.

WWVA acts by year

The acts and performers of the WWVA Jamboree and years they were added to the show:

1927

1929

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

Abbie Neal and the Ranch Girls

Sunshine Boys

Rusty and Doug Kerahaw

Donna Darlene

1957

1959

in 1960 the vandergrift brothers, darrell, don, and ronnie joined the jamboree. they were regulars for several years, and recorded for king records.

1962

Lois Johnson

Kirk Hansard

Louella Perkins

Bonnie Baldwin

1963

1964

1965

1966

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 Tribe, p. 43.
  2. 1 2 Tribe, p. 44.
  3. 1 2 Tribe, p. 45.
  4. 1 2 3 Tribe, p. 46.
  5. 1 2 Tribe, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Tribe, p. 49.
  7. 1 2 3 Tribe, p. 50.
  8. 1 2 3 Tribe, p. 51.
  9. ↑ Tribe, p. 48.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Tribe, p. 52.
  11. 1 2 3 Tribe, p. 53.
  12. ↑ Tribe, p. 54.
  13. 1 2 Tribe, p. 55.
  14. ↑ Tribe, p. 56.
  15. ↑ Tribe, p. 57.
  16. ↑ Tribe, p. 58.
  17. ↑ Tribe, p. 59.
  18. 1 2 Tribe, p. 60.
  19. ↑ Tribe, p. 61.
  20. ↑ Tribe, p. 62.
  21. ↑ Tribe, p. 63.
  22. 1 2 Tribe, p. 64.
  23. ↑ Tribe, p. 65.
  24. 1 2 Tribe, p. 66.
  25. 1 2 3 Tribe, p. 67.
  26. 1 2 Tribe, p. 68.
  27. ↑ Tribe, p. 69.
  28. ↑ Tribe, p. 70.
  29. ↑ Tribe, p. 72.

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.