WGVX

WGVX/WRXP/WWWM-FM

City	WGVX: Lakeville, Minnesota WRXP: Cambridge, Minnesota WWWM-FM: Eden Prairie, Minnesota
Broadcast area	Minneapolis-St. Paul
Branding	105 The Vibe
Frequency	WGVX: 105.1 MHz WRXP: 105.3 MHz WWWM-FM: 105.7 MHz
First air date	WGVX: 1992 WRXP: 1973 WWWM-FM: 1993
Format	Classic hip hop
ERP	WGVX: 2,600 watts WRXP: 25,000 watts WWWM-FM: 950 watts
HAAT	WGVX: 152 m (499 ft) WRXP: 91 m (299 ft) WWWM-FM: 254 m (833 ft)
Class	WGVX: A WRXP: C3 WWWM-FM: A
Facility ID	WGVX: 61379 WRXP: 54838 WWWM-FM: 61541
Callsign meaning	V105: "GrooVe of the Twin cities" (used with previous format) W Rock EXPerience (an allusion to the former New York rock station)
Former callsigns	WGVX: KZPZ (1990–1993) WTCX (1993–1994) KREV (1994–1997) KXXP (5/1997–10/1997) KZNR (1997–2001) WRXP: KABG (1973–1983) KXLV-FM (1983–1991) WLOL (1991–1994) WREV-FM (1994–1997) KXXU (5/1997–10/1997) KZNT (1997–2001) WGVY (2001–2012) WNSH (11/2012–1/2013) WWWM-FM: KOUO (1992–1993) KCFE (1993–1997) KXXR (5/1997–10/1997) KZNZ (1997–2001) WGVZ (2001-2016)
Owner	Cumulus Media (Radio License Holdings LLC)
Sister stations	KQRS-FM, KXXR
Webcast	Listen Live Listen Live via iHeart
Website	105thevibe.com

WGVX, WRXP and WWWM-FM are three separate radio stations that make up a trimulcast serving the Minneapolis-St. Paul region, and an area of central Minnesota to the north. The three stations are now owned by Cumulus Media, along with sister stations KQRS-FM and KXXR. As of August 14, 2015, the three stations are broadcasting a classic hip hop format, with the moniker "105 The Vibe". Its studios are in Southeast Minneapolis in the Como district. WGVX's transmitter is located southeast of Apple Valley, while WRXP's transmitter is located in Cambridge, and WWWM-FM's transmitter is located atop the IDS Center in downtown Minneapolis.

In its most notable incarnation, the 105 signals broadcast under the moniker REV105 from 1994 to 1997. After being purchased by ABC Radio in 1997, the stations went through several transformations.

Current format

105 The Vibe

On August 14, 2015, at 3 PM, the 105 frequencies flipped to classic hip hop as 105 The Vibe, which joins K273BH/KTCZ-FMHD3 in the format. At the time of the launch, the Twin Cities market did not have a single commercial Urban, Urban AC or Rhythmic CHR formatted station (in fact, the only station that came close to the Urban/Rhythmic format was non-commercial KMOJ).^[1] That all changed on January 5, 2016, when KNOF flipped to Rhythmic Top 40 after a six-year absence when KTTB flipped to Mainstream Top 40 in 2010.

On June 22, 2016, WGVZ changed its call letters to WWWM-FM as part of a warehousing move where their sister station in Toledo, Ohio changed call letters to WQQO.

History

Three signals

Prior to their unification as REV105, the three transmitters were known by other names.

Today's WGVX was first licensed as KZPZ on November 15, 1990. It was officially signed on the air in late 1992 as WTCX by J. Tom Lijewski, who had previously worked at other Twin Cities stations. The station aired a Hot AC format targeting the south metro area of the Twin Cities. This was the initial FM station later purchased by Cargill Communications in 1993 to form REV105 a year later, when the call letters were changed to KREV.

WRXP is the oldest of the three stations, having signed on the air June 21, 1973 on 105.5 as KABG, with an MOR format. The call letters were changed to KXLV in 1983, and in 1991 the station increased its power, which necessitated a move to 105.3, and on December 13, 1991, became the latest of the many frequencies to use the WLOL call letters, after WLOL-FM was purchased by Minnesota Public Radio and the KSJN call letters were moved from 91.1 to 99.5. This longtime AC station became the northern signal of REV105, with the call letters changed to WREV in 1994.

WWWM-FM was first licensed as KOUO on March 26, 1992 to Jack Moore (creator/owner of the former Twin Cities stations WAYL 93.7 FM and KTWN 107.9 FM), and signed on as KCFE (Cafe 105.7) on March 11, 1993, airing a light jazz/adult album alternative format (which resembled the original format of Cities 97 from the 1980s, which was modeled largely on Moore's KTWN c. late 1970s-early 1980s). The station carried Don Imus's syndicated morning show for a short time. In October 1996, KCFE was sold to Cargill and briefly become REV105's third transmitter, prior to all three stations being sold to ABC Radio the following March.

REV105

REV105, "Revolution Radio," was owned by Cargill Communications (headed by Jim and Susan Cargill, heirs to the massive Cargill company fortune) and broadcast under the call signs KREV, WREV, and later KCFE on three different frequencies (105.1, 105.3 and 105.7). REV105 played a fairly wide variety of music, mostly alternative rock, and put a lot of time into promoting music from local performers. Minnesota has a very active music community, and a number of very diverse artists have received national attention (see music in Minnesota). Area high schoolers also contributed to some of the programming put on the air.

The station's genesis came out of another station. From 1990 to 1992, KJJO (KJ104) was an adventurous modern rock station, and gained a devoted (if small) listening audience. The station switched to country music in 1992, and many held out hope that KJ104's format would resurface soon. Two former KJ104 staffers, Brian Turner and Kevin Cole, actively sought out stations to pick up the format (on several occasions, they were turned down by the owners of both WTCX and KCFE).

Finally, with financial backing from the Cargills, Turner and Cole found that the owner of WTCX was ready to sell. In November 1993, the Cargills purchased WTCX for $2.6 million, along with big band music-formatted KLBB for $1 million and small suburban country music outlet KBCW for $400,000. The plan was to turn the one FM and two AMs into a modern rock radio network, eventually simulcasting programming around the country. Plans changed eventually and they decided to go with a more local approach (though REV105 did syndicate a show, Spin Radio for a short time). Soon, the Cargills were able to purchase WLOL (located next to WTCX on the dial but broadcasting from a location far to the north). Turner, Cole, and the Cargills were reluctant to change the big band music on KLBB, since it did have a small, if dedicated following, and decided not only to keep the format, but to simulcast it on their other AM signal, 1470 (105.3's legendary call letters, WLOL, were shifted to 1470). The only other changes made to KLBB was to give it a "hipper" sound, incorporating more lounge music and fresher advertising and imaging. Hence, the foundation of Rev 105 was set, with KREV and WREV soon to come.

The group's intended programming plans were public knowledge at the time and highly publicized. ABC Radio felt the time was right to lay its own claim to the rapidly rising alternative rock format. On February 6, 1994, ABC agreed to purchase KQRS' main rival, KRXX (the first "93X") from Entercom, and KQRS management immediately took control of the station. Within two days, the former 93X became the Twin Cities' newest modern rock station, "93.7 The Edge". In effect, ABC killed two birds with one stone by striking down a bitter rival, and warding off a potential new one. This did not change Turner's and Cole's plans at all, as they felt their station would be unique enough to compete in the market. Pending Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval of Cargill's own station deals, WTCX officially went off the air February 7, 1994 (coincidentally, the first full day of The Edge's new format). WLOL followed on April 24. On May 1, REV105's eclectic new alternative rock format took to the air, with the first official song being "Crazy" by Patsy Cline.

REV105 was a unique station. It would not be an ordinary, consultant-programmed modern rock station like The Edge. Rather, it took many elements from typical modern rock stations, added a heavy amount of new, obscure and local artists, and mixed in other musical styles such as industrial, punk, classic rock, hip-hop, world, dance and techno. According to Cole, when REV started, it would play the newly popular Green Day next to old Who songs, comparing and contrasting two different instances of similar music. In addition, there were a large number of specialty shows, featuring other musical styles like "old school" funk, imports, club mixes and ambient music. REV105 was instrumental in introducing newer artists to the airwaves, such as Ani DiFranco and Soul Coughing. As music critic Jim DeRogatis said, "The brilliance of REV105 was that I would hear a set that would go Bob Marley to Nine Inch Nails to Black Sabbath. And that's how real people listen to music."

The new "Revolution Radio" was a mild success, even with the high-powered competition from The Edge. In the first full ratings book, it earned a 1.5 overall Arbitron rating, and did even better in the 18-34 age breakdown. Ratings were hampered throughout the station's history by signal reception issues, the eclectic nature of its format, and its limited budget. Signal issues were perhaps its biggest issue, as Rev's ratings were similar or higher than any of its successor stations. The limited transmitter reach of 105.1 and 105.3 were helped when Cargill purchased another neighboring signal, KCFE (Cafe 105.7) in October 1996, which improved its reach in the southwest suburbs and particularly in Minneapolis, where a large number of its listening audience resided.

REV105 becomes X105

REV105 enjoyed an almost three-year run. But the end came at noon on March 11, 1997. That was when the station was purchased by competitor Disney/Capital Cities/ABC, which already owned two powerful 100 kilowatt stations in the Twin Cities, KQRS-FM and KEGE (93.7 FM "The Edge"). By 1:15, most of the airstaff was fired, and after playing "Hello, Goodbye" by The Beatles, the station was reborn with a hard rock format as "X105", with the three stations receiving the call letters KXXP, KXXU and KXXR. The first song on "X105" was "Rock You Like a Hurricane" by The Scorpions.^[2]

This situation became a focal point for critics of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Fans of REV105 banded together to protest the loss of REV105, and out of this, the group Americans for Radio Diversity was formed. The purchase received fairly widespread news coverage, with articles appearing in Billboard magazine and Rolling Stone, where Soul Coughing frontman Mike Doughty stated, "Having officially walked through every radio station in North America, I can honestly say REV was the only one that had a cause that was righteous." Of course, Doughty had a somewhat personal stake in the station, as it is partially credited for making him very popular in the state (some have said that one in eight Soul Coughing albums were sold in Minnesota).

Many feel that the motivation to purchase REV105 was to eliminate the competition (as ABC obtained the rights to all intellectual property of REV105, including its logos and website, and Cargill reportedly signed a non-compete agreement). The purchase was seen in some ways as a defensive maneuver against other growing radio conglomerates such as Chancellor Broadcasting which then owned seven radio stations in the Twin Cities (eventually purchased by radio giant Clear Channel Communications in 1999). Of course, the basic fact remains that Cargill could not compete as a stand-alone owner in this environment and saw this as a perfect opportunity to sell the station. According to Cargill, "As we saw all this consolidation in the market, we just didn't feel we were going to be able to survive."

REV105 was in many ways a successor to the Twin Cities area's original "alternative" station, KJJO 104.1 FM (now KZJK), which changed its format in 1992. Kevin Cole, the former program director at REV105, and a veteran of the old KJ104, later resurfaced at KEXP in Seattle, Washington. General Manager Brian Turner eventually went back to KTCZ, where he worked in the 1980s and hosts its morning show. In 2005, a few former REV hosts reunited at Minnesota Public Radio for the launch of KCMP. "89.3 The Current", as the station is called, has some similarities to REV105's old format. The Current scores in the 1.5-2 range (ages 6+, Mon-Sun 6am-12am) in the Arbitron ratings.

Zone 105

Soon after the birth of X105, a new hard rock station arrived in the Twin Cites when WBOB dropped country music and switched to a hard rock format with Howard Stern's morning show. ABC has long done everything in its power to fight off any potential competitors to its main highly rated station, KQRS-FM. At 2 PM on September 18, 1997, KEGE dropped their alternative format and began simulcasting on the 105s as part of a format swap (with KEGE becoming 93X once again). On September 24, after 6 days of simulcasting, the 105s became Zone 105, with an adult alternative format. After a few months, 93X took the KXXR callsign from the former X105, and the three Zone 105 stations became KZNR, KZNT and KZNZ.

After the station became Zone 105, a few of the old REV hosts were brought back. Brian Oake, who had gone over to The Edge, and Mary Lucia, hosted the morning show, and Lucia hosted a weekly local music program named Popular Creeps from the local Bryant-Lake Bowl. Creeps won multiple awards for programming quality.

Over time, Zone 105 went in more of a classic alternative direction, but toward the end of its run, leaned more towards alternative rock. None of the post-REV 105 incarnations of these frequencies were true alternative rock, as the frequency had to keep a safe distance between itself and sister station 93X. For this reason, any song with a rock "edge" was discarded by the 105s during this time.

V105

On March 8, 2001, after so-so ratings as an alternative rock station, Zone 105 became V105, an automated rhythmic oldies outlet.^[3] Call letters were changed to WGVX, WGVY and WGVZ. V105 lasted less than a year before reverting to a revised version of the old Zone 105's format as "Drive 105" on January 17, 2002.^[4]

Drive 105

Drive 105's format was an adult-oriented version of a typical alternative rock station, and similar in many ways to the previous Zone 105. However the fact that it was forced to distance themselves from sister station 93X by avoiding harder-edged rock meant that it played a lot of music that has more in common with the AAA format. For the better part of the last several years, the station frequently promoted "This station is not owned or operated by Clear Channel Communications," though the station was actually part of another huge media conglomerate—Disney.

Drive 105, along with sister stations KQRS-FM and KXXR (93X), were often referred to as Disney's "Wall Of Rock". Both 93X and the 105's are programmed with formats designed to fight competition off of Disney's flagship in the market, top-rated KQRS. When WRQC became a KQRS-fighting rock station in 1997, the current KXXR switched to a similar format, despite a profitable alternative format already on that frequency. It is widely known in the local market that Disney will go to great lengths to protect its "cash cow".

In fact, Drive 105 was in large part created to ward off competition from KTCZ ("Cities 97"). After the fall of Zone 105 and in the months before Drive 105 was created, Cities 97 made significant gains in the 25-54 age group. Disney saw this as a threat to KQRS and created Drive 105 originally to jab at Cities 97's ratings. To keep a distance from sister 93X, the station targeted an older age group than most alternative stations. Like predecessor Zone 105, Drive would avoid any song that featured a significant amount of guitar distortion. When the station first began in January 2002, it aired spots such as, "Remember when Cities 97 and KS95 sounded different? We do, that's why we're true to the music." This was a stab at Cities 97's old slogan, "true to the music", and a criticism of a recent tweak in the direction of pop-sounding KS95. During its first two years on the air, Drive 105 frequently made cracks at Cities 97. However, this came to end after criticism from the public and as the station began to take on an identity of its own.

Love 105

Former logo under the Love 105 branding

Ratings-wise, Drive 105, like all of the previous formats, were hampered by the limited signal reach in the Twin Cities area and experienced only moderate success, usually reaching a 1% or 2% overall ratings share. Just before 3:00 p.m. on May 7, 2007, the plug was pulled on the three signals' longest-running incarnation to that point. Drive 105 played its last song, "Say It Ain't So" by Weezer, prior to temporarily switching over to a simulcast of sister station KXXR, in anticipation of a format flip. The flip to the Soft AC/Oldies format with the moniker Love 105 happened at 5:30 the next morning, with Sonny and Cher's "I Got You Babe" as the new format's debut song.^[5]

Love 105 featured mellow cuts by artists including Chicago, Neil Diamond, Barbra Streisand, Sade, Bread, and many others. The playlist also initially included occasional adult standards, from the likes of Frank Sinatra and Bobby Darin, along with some more traditional oldies.

Shortly after the relaunch as Love 105, the station, along with ABC's other non-Radio Disney and ESPN Radio stations, were acquired by Citadel Broadcasting. Citadel merged with Cumulus Media on September 16, 2011.^[6]

Citadel Broadcasting moved WGVZ's transmitter from Eden Prairie to the IDS tower in downtown Minneapolis. This significantly improved reception of the station in Minneapolis and western Saint Paul despite the drop in effective radiated power from 5,800 watts to 950 watts.

On April 13, 2012, the station transitioned to mainstream adult contemporary, dropping all pre-1970s oldies, and adding current adult contemporary fare to fill the void left by WLTE, when that station flipped to country in 2011.^[7] Some of Love 105's promos after the flip take swipes at CBS for switching WLTE to country. For example: "Once upon a time, there was a radio station named "Lite", that played "nice" music. Then the Lite went out, and stopped playing nice music. Then came the new sound of Love 105." In November 2012, Love 105 switched to Christmas music, again filling a void created by the departure of WLTE.

On November 26, WGVY's call letters were changed to WNSH;^[8] the call signs of WGVX and WGVZ remain unchanged. The call sign change was temporary; the change was primarily done to "park" the calls so that they could later be used on FM 94.7 in New York City, which would use the calls to reflect its "Nash FM" country music franchise.^[9] As of January 29, 2013, the WNSH call letters have moved to New York, with the WRXP call letters parked on 105.3.^[10] Rumors have been circulating that Cumulus will eventually move the WRXP calls again, to the current WNBM (formerly WFAS-FM)/Bronxville, New York (FM 103.9).^[11]

105 The Ticket

Former logo, 2013-2015

At 8 am on March 30, 2013, a day after inadvertently releasing a new logo and identity ("Radio 105") online (and after playing "Some Nights" by Fun and "Dreams" by Fleetwood Mac), the three stations dropped the AC format and began stunting with a broad range of music with no liners except for legally-mandated top-of-the-hour IDs. After stunting all weekend, on April 1 at 11 am, after playing "Gangnam Style" by Psy, the three stations dropped the music altogether and became a CBS Sports Radio affiliate as "105 The Ticket".^[12]

The station's programming was mainly made up of nationally syndicated sports talk shows form CBS Sports Radio including, The D.A. Show, TBD in the AM, The John Feinstein Show, The Jim Rome Show, The Doug Gottlieb Show, Mojo, and Ferrall on the Bench.

On September 9, 2013, Mike Morris and Bob Sansevere began hosting Mike & Bob Afternoons that aired from 3:00 to 6:00 pm CT. Morris is a former Minnesota Viking long snapper, while Sansevere is a longtime St. Paul Pioneer Press columnist and former contributor to the KQ92 Morning Show.^[13]

On June 9, 2015, 105.1/105.3/105.7 dropped Sansevere, Morris, and Holsen in favor of running CBS Sports Radio around the clock.^[14] Program Director Scott Jameson told the St. Paul Pioneer-Press that the stations would “provide an alternative to the other two local stations” and “focus on the network product and provide it to people who prefer that.” The stations retained local high school sports coverage on weekends. The change came as the stations registered just a 0.3 share in the previous three Nielsen Audio PPM ratings, well behind iHeartMedia’s KFXN-FM and Hubbard’s KSTP.^[15]

The Ticket, in an oversaturated sports talk city, did not live up to expectations, garnering less than 1.0 overall in the Arbitron ratings (with their final rating being a meager 0.1 in the July 2015 ratings).

References

• Reece, Doug (April 4, 1998). KREV Fans Rally for Radio Diversity. Billboard. (archived at Americans for Radio Diversity)
• Evolution Radio "City Pages"
• Hwang, Francis (April 3, 1997). Radio-Free Minneapolis. The Minnesota Daily. (archived at Beatworld.com)
• Who Killed Rock Radio?
• REV 105, the Reader and Life on Main Street. The Minnesota Daily.
• The music stops for alternative station REV 105 The Minnesota Daily.
• Haugen, Dan. "The End of Radio As We Know It." Star Tribune.
• Rand, Michael. Radio Killed the Radio Star.
• Northpine.com News Archive: March 1997
• Northpine.com News Archive
• Van Alstyne, Rob (January 27, 2005). Left of the Dial. Pulse of the Twin Cities.
• Riemenschneider, Chris (May 7, 2007) Drive 105 looking for Love Star Tribune
• FCC Database

External links

• Official website
• Americans for Radio Diversity
• 89.3 KCMP "The Current" (to hear former Rev105 DJs Mary Lucia, and Steve Nelson)
• A tribute and memorial to REV 105
• A collection of REV105 airchecks, including first and last moments, as well as some promos that poke fun of The Edge.
• REV 105 audio clip
• REV105 website by Doc Ozone & Gonzo that was ready to go one week before it went off the air
• Kevin Cole's page on KEXP
• radiotapes.com Featuring Minneapolis/St. Paul radio airchecks including Zone 105.
• Query the FCC's FM station database for WGVX
• Radio-Locator information on WGVX
• Query Nielsen Audio's FM station database for WGVX
• Query the FCC's FM station database for WRXP
• Radio-Locator information on WRXP
• Query Nielsen Audio's FM station database for WRXP
• Query the FCC's FM station database for WWWM
• Radio-Locator information on WWWM
• Query Nielsen Audio's FM station database for WWWM

Coordinates: 44°42′04″N 93°09′04″W / 44.701°N 93.151°W / 44.701; -93.151