Fairfax County Parkway

State Route 286 marker

State Route 286
Fairfax County Parkway
Route information
Maintained by VDOT
Length: 35 mi[1] (56 km)
Major junctions
South end: US 1 at Fort Belvoir
  I‑95 in Newington
I‑66 near Chantilly
SR 267 in Reston
North end: SR 7 in Dranesville
Highway system
← SR 285SR 286SR 287 →

State Route 289 marker

State Route 289
Franconia-Springfield Parkway
Route information
Maintained by VDOT
Length: 3 mi (5 km)
Major junctions
West end: SR 286 at West Springfield
  I‑95 HOV lanes in Springfield
East end: SR 613 in Franconia
Highway system
← SR 288SR 289SR 290 →

The Fairfax County Parkway, numbered State Route 286 (SR 286, formerly SR 7100[2]), is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. It provides a north–south arterial route in Fairfax County with a mix of interchanges and signalized and unsignalized intersections. Its alignment roughly corresponds to part of the once-proposed Outer Beltway around Washington, D.C. The first segment of the roadway opened in 1987; the road was completed in 2010. In February 2012, SR 286 and SR 289 were transferred to primary roads from their secondary status as SR 7100 and SR 7900.

The Franconia–Springfield Parkway (SR 289, formerly SR 7900[2]) is a spur near the south end of SR 286, leading east through Springfield and serving the Franconia–Springfield Metro station. While SR 286 has access to the main lanes of I-95, SR 289 interchanges with the HOV lanes of the Shirley Highway, a reversible lane system in the median of I-95 and I-395 to Washington.

Route description

View north along SR 286 in Burke

The Fairfax County Parkway and its branch to Franconia generally have interchanges at major roads and traffic signals at less major roads. Along the main parkway (SR 286), there are 17 full or partial interchanges and 39 signals, with eleven of those signals at interchanges; the Franconia–Springfield Parkway (SR 289) has five interchanges and only three signals. In addition, there are many unsignalized intersections along the road, but none of these are driveways, since the road is limited-access.[3] The road generally has a speed limit of 50 mph (80 km/h).[4]

The south end of SR 286 begins at an intersection with US 1 at Accotink and heads northwest through Fort Belvoir, leaving the fort at a diamond interchange with Telegraph Road (SR 611), crossing I-95 at a full cloverleaf (exit 166), crossing over Fullerton Road, passing through interchanges with Boudinot Drive and Barta Road, and turning west through West Springfield at Rolling Road. This portion replaced the existing Backlick Road (SR 617), which continues north from the I-95 interchange and connects to the Franconia–Springfield Parkway (SR 289). During most of the parkway's life, the portion between Fullerton Road and SR 289 had not been constructed due to delay caused by environmental issues, including an oil spill along its path through the Fort Belvoir Proving Ground. Since approval in 2008, construction began in 2009 and the new portion was opened in late 2010.[3][5]

SR 289 begins at an intersection with Beulah Street (SR 613), with Manchester Boulevard/Kingstowne Boulevard continuing east to Van Dorn Street. The road heads west, with interchanges at the Franconia–Springfield Metro/VRE station, Frontier Drive, the Shirley Highway reversible HOV lanes, and Backlick Road (SR 617). At the Rolling Road (SR 638) interchange, SR 289 ends and merges with SR 286. Rolling Road south of the interchange was rebuilt to carry SR 286, and a large loop ramp is designed for northbound SR 286 traffic. Beyond this interchange, SR 286 has two diamond interchanges, with Sydenstricker Road/Gambrill Road (SR 640) and Pohick Road (SR 641)/Hooes Road (SR 636), before a stretch of several miles with only at-grade intersections. From Backlick Road (SR 617) west to this SR 636 interchange, the parkway paralleled and replaced the existing Hooes Road (SR 636).[3]

The Parkway near its beginning, on Fort Belvoir property

From Hooes and Pohick Roads (SR 636/SR 641) northwest to the interchange with Ox Road (SR 123), SR 286 is a surface road, built directly on the former Pohick Road. The parkway beyond Ox Road was built on a new alignment, and has a much smaller number of intersections. Just past Ox Road, SR 286 passes under Clara Barton Drive, a minor residential street. It intersects the west end of Burke Center Parkway (SR 643), crosses over the Virginia Railway Express Manassas Line and Fairfax Station Road (SR 660), and intersects several other roads before a freeway section begins at a folded diamond interchange with Braddock Road (SR 620). A complicated three-level diamond takes SR 286 over Lee Highway (US 29) at the south end of West Ox Road (SR 608), and SR 286 crosses I-66 at exit 55, a cloverleaf. After passing over Fair Lakes Circle (SR 7701), there is a diamond interchange with Fair Lakes Parkway (SR 7700) and Monument Drive (SR 7969). The next interchange, at Lee Jackson Memorial Highway (US 50), is a partial cloverleaf with two signals on SR 286.[3]

From US 50 to Franklin Farm Road, the parkway curves northwest to reach the Outer Beltway right-of-way. This straight path is followed until Baron Cameron Avenue (SR 606), and includes an overpass at Pinecrest Road in the Fox Mill Estates neighborhood. After crossing the Dulles Access Road (SR 267), SR 286 follows the east border of Herndon, with interchanges at Sunset Hills Road (SR 675) and Baron Cameron Avenue (SR 606). The parkway leaves the straight Outer Beltway alignment just beyond Baron Cameron Avenue, curving northwest and north to end at a diamond interchange with Leesburg Pike (SR 7), at which the traffic signals are on SR 286. Algonkian Parkway continues north as a four-lane local road, eventually curving back west and south to SR 7 just east of SR 28.[3]

Another view of the Parkway

SR 286 is also known as the John F. (Jack) Herrity Parkway, designated by the Virginia General Assembly in 1995,[6] and the Trooper Charles Mark Cosslett Memorial Highway, designated in 2010 as the final link through Fort Belvoir.[7] In 2001 SR 289 was named the Joseph V. Gartlan, Jr., Parkway.[8] Jack Herrity served for 12 years on the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, and was instrumental in getting the road built;[9] Joseph V. Gartlan, Jr. was a state senator who served Fairfax County for 28 years.[10][11] These names are ceremonial, and are rarely used by the public.[12]

The Fairfax County Parkway Trail is a multi-use trail that runs alongside the Franconia–Springfield Parkway and Fairfax County Parkway from Beulah Street in Springfield to SR 7,[13] mostly as a sidepath, but sometimes using adjacent frontage roads and old alignments of the roads that the parkway replaced. It intersects the Washington and Old Dominion Trail north of Sunset Hills Road at Herndon, near that trail's mile 19.[14]

History

Planning

The Outer Beltway was first planned in 1950 as the "Cross Country Loop", part of the National Capital Planning Commission's comprehensive plan.[15] In Virginia, by the time of a 1965 plan,[16] it was to run through southern and western Fairfax County, crossing the Potomac River at Mason Neck and north of Great Falls, and passing generally west of State Route 123 (Ox Road) and east of SR 645 (Clifton Road, Stringfellow Road, and Lees Corner Road). The straight part of the Fairfax County Parkway between south of Franklin Farm Road and north of Baron Cameron Road is built where the beltway would have been.[17][18] During the 1970s, attention was focused on the Metrorail system, and environmental concerns temporarily pushed the Outer Beltway onto the back burner. In the 1980s and 1990s, when the plan was revived as the Western Transportation Corridor, the route was shifted further west.[15]

View west along SR 289 in Franconia

The idea for the Springfield Bypass started in the 1970s as a bypass of SR 644 (Old Keene Mill Road) in Springfield. It was soon expanded, by 1978, to include most of what had been planned as the Outer Beltway.[19][20] The Commonwealth Transportation Board approved final plans on July 16, 1987 for the 33-mile (53 km) road, with 16 interchanges and 35 traffic signals between U.S. Route 1 at Fort Belvoir and State Route 7 near Dranesville. A spur to Franconia was included, providing access to the Shirley Highway HOV lanes and the Franconia–Springfield Metrorail station. Except for a short six-lane piece in Reston, the $242 million plan included only four lanes.[21][22] Since it was a surface road, the highway could incorporate existing roads. This included portions of SR 617 (Backlick Road), SR 636 (Hooes Road), SR 641 (Pohick Road), and SR 680 (Stuart Road).

Fifty-five homes and five businesses had to be taken by eminent domain to build the road.[21] Included in these 55 homes were five at the brand-new Innisfree subdivision in Springfield. Only months after families moved into the houses, located between SR 636 (Hooes Road) and the proposed highway, they were informed that their land would be needed for the interchange at SR 640 (Sydenstricker Road). Originally planned as an at-grade intersection, projections of increased traffic led to a redesign that required more right-of-way.[23]

The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors changed the name to the Fairfax County Parkway on June 23, 1988, noting that it traveled far from Springfield. The Franconia Spur was not renamed to the suggested Springfield Parkway at that time, to give time to find a single name for the entire spur, already known as Kingstowne Boulevard at its east end.[24] By the next year, the permanent Franconia–Springfield Parkway name had been applied to the portion west of State Route 613 (Beulah Street); the rest of the road was not built as part of the project, and now carries the Manchester Boulevard and Kingstowne Boulevard names.[25]

Construction

I-66 to Herndon (1987–1993)

Three bond issues were approved by Fairfax County voters to pay for construction of the highway, as well as other roads in the county: $135 million in November 1985,[26] $150 million in April 1988,[27] and $130 million in November 1992.[19][28] The first portions of the road to open were financed by developers building in the area: the Cavalier Land Development Corporation from a new interchange on Interstate 66 north to U.S. Route 50, and the Hazel/Peterson Companies from Stringfellow Road north to Franklin Farm Road, both completed in 1987.[29][30] On October 24, 1989, the gap from US 50 to Stringfellow Road was filled, and the road was extended from Franklin Farm Road north to West Ox Road (SR 608).[31] It was further extended north to a new interchange on the Dulles Toll Road (SR 267) on October 22, 1991,[32] and north to Sunset Hills Road (SR 675) on July 7, 1993.[33]

Franconia–Springfield Parkway (1989–1995)

The first piece of the Franconia–Springfield Parkway, a short bypass of Hooes Road (SR 636) from Rolling Road (SR 638) east over Accotink Creek to near Lackawanna Drive, opened on August 7, 1989.[29] The rest of this spur to Beulah Street (SR 613) in Franconia opened on June 8, 1992, along with the reversible HOV ramps to the Shirley Highway (I-95/I-395).[34] (The Franconia–Springfield station did not open for Virginia Railway Express and Metrorail trains until four and five years later, respectively;[35][36] the interchange at Frontier Drive serving the station opened in December 1995).[37]

Springfield to I-66 (1993–1996)

The next pieces of the road to open were in the southwest, with an upgrade and bypass of Hooes Road (SR 636) from Pohick Road (SR 641) east to Rolling Road (SR 638) and the Franconia–Springfield Parkway opening by November 1993.[38] The highway from Ox Road (SR 123) north to Braddock Road (SR 620) opened on July 28, 1995,[39] and was connected to the existing portion at I-66 on September 19.[40] Two interchanges along this portion and the older one to the north – at US 50 and at US 29 – opened on December 14 and December 20 respectively.[37] From SR 123 southeast to the beginning of the Franconia–Springfield Parkway, existing two-lane roads were widened, opening the road from SR 123 east to Lee Chapel Road (SR 643) by May 1996[41] and to Pohick Road (SR 641) on July 2, 1996,[42] completing the road from Springfield to Herndon. However, until a new bridge opened in early September 2002, traffic on Pohick Road northbound (just east of Hooes Road) was required to turn right onto the parkway.[43]

US 1 to I-95 (1997) and Herndon to SR 7 (1999–2001)

The southernmost portion, from US 1 north across I-95 to Fullerton Road, mostly an upgrade of Backlick Road (SR 617), opened south of Telegraph Road (SR 611) by July 1997[44] and north of Telegraph Road later that year.[45] The first part north of Sunset Hills Road (SR 675), a short piece from the new interchange with SR 7 south to Sugarland Road (SR 604), opened by June 1999.[46] Extensions opened south to Wiehle Avenue (SR 828) on November 1, 2000[47] and Baron Cameron Avenue (SR 606) on December 21, 2000.[48] The gap was filled on November 5, 2001, finally completing the parkway north of Springfield.[49]

I-95 to Springfield (2009–2012)

Construction has been delayed many times on the last segment, between Fullerton Road (just north of I-95) and Rolling Road (SR 638), which will allow traffic on the main part of the parkway to connect directly to the I-95 main lanes. Plans were made here in the late 1980s, and it was to be paid for by a developer who was to build a development on land bought from the U.S. Army's Fort Belvoir. But those plans fell through, and traffic growth necessitated a redesign.[41][45] Plans were again postponed in the early 2000s due to necessary environmental cleanup of that part of Fort Belvoir, which included unexploded ordnance.[50] The Environmental Protection Agency discovered in 2005 that an oil spill on the property had not been properly cleaned.[5] As of 2007, the project had been designed as a full freeway but was placed on hold.[51] As of September 2010, this portion of the parkway opened for traffic, closing the gap that once existed.[52]

Future improvements

Plans have been made for an interchange at Fair Lakes Parkway, just north of I-66. This project will be funded with American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 funds. This project was certified on August 10, 2009, and the construction contract is expected to be let August 2010.[53] Furthermore, improvements are being made to the West Ox Road and Sunrise Valley Drive intersections with the parkway along with interchanges with the new portion of the parkway between Fullerton Road and Rolling Road at Boudinot Drive. Additions and improvements to the I-95 interchange with Fairfax County Parkway are currently under development as well.[54]

Designation as primary state highway

On February 16, 2012, the Fairfax County Parkway was designated SR 286 and the Franconia–Springfield Parkway was designated SR 289.[2] In June 2012, signage was updated to reflect the new designation with a mix of SR 286 and "old SR 7100" signs and reassurance markers.

Major intersections

Fairfax County Parkway (SR 286)

The entire parkway is in Fairfax County.

Locationmi[55]kmDestinationsNotes
Fort Belvoir0.00.0 US 1 (Richmond Highway)
Newington1.82.9 SR 611 (Telegraph Road)Interchange
2.84.5 SR 789 (Loisdale Road)
3.04.8 I‑95 / I‑95 Express – Richmond, WashingtonInterchange; exit 166 on I-95
3.15.0 SR 617 (Backlick Road)Interchange; northbound exit only
​Boudinot Drive (SR 4502)interchange
​ To SR 638 south (Rolling Road) / Barta Roadinterchange
West Springfield5.18.2 SR 289 east (Franconia–Springfield Parkway) / SR 638 (Rolling Road) / to Restricted LanesInterchange with a signal on SR 286 northbound
6.0–
6.2		9.7–
10.0		 SR 640 (Gambrill Road / Sydenstricker Road)Interchange
7.1–
7.3		11.4–
11.7		 SR 636 south (Hooes Road) / Pohick Road (SR 641)Interchange
Burke8.914.3 SR 643 (Lee Chapel Road)
10.016.1 SR 644 (Old Keene Mill Road)
10.717.2 SR 645 (Burke Lake Road) – Burke Lake Park
13.221.2 SR 123 (Ox Road)Interchange
13.922.4 SR 643 (Burke Centre Parkway)
Fairfax Station16.426.4 SR 654 (Popes Head Road)
17.127.5 SR 620 (Braddock Road)Interchange
​18.229.3 US 29 (Lee Highway) / SR 608 (West Ox Road)Interchange
​19.331.1 I‑66 – Front Royal, WashingtonInterchange; exit 55 on I-66
​20.032.2 SR 7700 (Fair Lakes Parkway) / SR 7969 (Monument Drive)Interchange
​21.033.8 US 50 (Lee Jackson Memorial Highway)Interchange with signals on SR 286
​21.534.6 SR 750 (Rugby Road)
​24.839.9 SR 608 (West Ox Road)
Reston26.442.5 SR 665 (Fox Mill Road)
27.544.3
SR 267 Toll – Dulles Airport (no toll via Dulles Access Road), Washington		Interchange with signals on SR 286; exit 11 of SR 267
27.844.7Sunset Hills Road / Spring Street (SR 675)Interchange with a signal on SR 286
28.545.9 SR 606 (Elden Street / Baron Cameron Avenue)
30.549.1 SR 828 (Wiehle Avenue)
31.450.5 SR 604 (Sugarland Road)
Dranesville31.851.2 SR 7 (Leesburg Pike) / Algonkian Parkway (SR 6220 north)Interchange with signals on SR 286
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Franconia–Springfield Parkway (SR 289)

The entire parkway is in Fairfax County.

Locationmi[56]kmDestinationsNotes
West Springfield0.000.00 SR 286 (Fairfax County Parkway) / SR 638 (Rolling Road)interchange
Springfield1.602.57 SR 617 (Backlick Road)interchange
1.722.77 I‑95 Express
2.223.57 SR 2677 (Frontier Drive) to I‑95interchange
Franconia–Springfield Metro Stationinterchange; westbound access is at SR 2677
Franconia3.084.96 SR 613 (Beulah Street) / Manchester Boulevard (SR 8113)
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Transportation Board Approves Fairfax County Parkway Plans Final Segment of 35-mile parkway" (Press release). Virginia Department of Transportation. March 22, 2004. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 "Three Major Parkways Now Primary Roads". ]Virginia Department of Transportation. February 16, 2012. Archived from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Google Maps street maps and satellite imagery, accessed October 2007
  4. ↑ McCarty, Glenn (October 14, 2005). "Removing Speed from the 'Speedway'". Burke Connection. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011.
  5. 1 2 Rein, Lisa (September 29, 2005). "Completion of Parkway is Stalled by Old Spill". The Washington Post. p. T3.
  6. ↑ "Chapter 183, S. 812". March 14, 1995. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  7. ↑ . myfoxdc.com http://www.myfoxdc.com/dpp/traffic/fairfax-county-parkway-extension-to-open-091310. Retrieved April 5, 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ↑ "Chapter 734, S. 291". March 26, 2001. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  9. ↑ "Dying for Recognition". The Washington Post. February 9, 1995. p. V3.
  10. ↑ "United Region Puts Schools, Roads on Top of Wish List". The Washington Post. January 3, 2001. p. T1.
  11. ↑ "After 28 Years, Va. Lawmaker Calling It Quits". The Washington Post. February 20, 1999. p. B1.
  12. ↑ Kelly,, John (April 21, 2005). "Honored in All but Name". The Washington Post. p. T10.
  13. ↑ "Fairfax County Parkway Trail Ribbon Cutting Set For October 24, 2:30 p.m." (Press release). Fairfax County. October 18, 2002. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  14. ↑ "Map of the W&OD, Herndon – Reston (mileage markers 17.5 to 20)]". Friends of the Washington and Old Dominion Trail. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  15. 1 2 "Western Transportation Corridor Study Purpose and Need Statement". Virginia Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on August 22, 2004. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  16. ↑ "Review of Transportation Guidance in Previous Comprehensive Plans" (PDF). p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2012. shows an earlier plan in Prince William County to the south
  17. ↑ "Northern Virginia Regional Plan" (PDF). Virginia Department of Highways. 1965. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  18. ↑ "Northern Virginia Major Thoroughfare Plan". Virginia Department of Highways. 1969.
  19. 1 2 "Virginia Referendums – No and Yes". The Washington Post. October 31, 1992. p. A22.
  20. ↑ Grubisich,, Thomas (February 6, 1978). "Bypass in Fairfax Still Long Way Off,". The Washington Post. p. C4.
  21. 1 2 "Springfield Bypass Near Approval". The Washington Post. July 16, 1987. p. C9.
  22. ↑ "State Rebuffs N. Virginia On Rte. 28 Rail Line". The Washington Post. July 17, 1987. p. C3.
  23. ↑ Lancaster, John (June 1, 1987). "Houses Stand In Road's Path". The Washington Post. p. D1.
  24. ↑ "Government Actions,". The Washington Post. June 23, 1988. p. V4.
  25. ↑ "Guaranty Bank Comes to Maryland". The Washington Post. May 15, 1989. p. F11.
  26. ↑ "Road Bonds Approved". The Washington Post. November 6, 1985. p. A17.
  27. ↑ Anderson, John Ward (April 13, 1988). "Fairfax Road Bonds Pass in Landslide". The Washington Post. p. D1.
  28. ↑ Baker, Peter (November 4, 1992). "Byrne Is First Woman From Va. in Congress". The Washington Post.
  29. 1 2 Bates, Steve (August 8, 1989). "New Fairfax Road Has More Monikers Than Miles". The Washington Post. p. D3.
  30. ↑ "Parkway". The Washington Post. November 4, 1988. p. E1.
  31. ↑ "Fairfax Parkway Segment Opens". The Washington Post. October 25, 1989. p. D5.
  32. ↑ "Fairfax Parkway Stretch to Debut". The Washington Post. October 17, 1991. p. V1.
  33. ↑ Shear, Michael D. (July 1, 1993). "New Parkway Section to Open". The Washington Post. p. V2.
  34. ↑ Fehr, Stephen C. (June 7, 1992). "Bridge Set to Ease Springfield Traffic". The Washington Post. p. B7.
  35. ↑ Smith, Leef (July 18, 1996). "VRE Adds A Pearl to Its String". The Washington Post. p. V2.
  36. ↑ Tousignant, Marylou (June 27, 1997). "At Last, Metro Reaches End of the Blue Line". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  37. 1 2 Reid, Alice (December 12, 1995). "3 Interchanges Opening Along Fairfax Parkway". The Washington Post. p. E3.
  38. ↑ "Final Board Summary". Fairfax County. November 22, 1993. Retrieved April 5, 2012. notes problems with cut-through traffic due to the forced right turn from northbound Pohick Road onto the parkway
  39. ↑ O'Harrow Jr., Robert (July 27, 1995). "Accessibility Grows With County Road". The Washington Post. p. V1.
  40. ↑ "Final Board Summary". Fairfax County. September 11, 1995. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  41. 1 2 "Progress On Fairfax Parkway". The Washington Post. May 23, 1996. p. J1.
  42. ↑ Black, M. Cherie (July 3, 1996). "Missing Link Opens in Fairfax Parkway". The Washington Times. p. C7.
  43. ↑ "Metro; In Brief". The Washington Post. August 31, 2002. p. B3.
  44. ↑ "Where There's a Will...". The Washington Post. July 23, 1997. p. V1.
  45. 1 2 Sipress, Alan (October 14, 1998). "Last Part of Fairfax Parkway to Open in Next Millennium". The Washington Post. p. V29.
  46. ↑ "Directly to Dulles for Smoother Sailing". The Washington Post. June 10, 1999. p. V1.
  47. ↑ "Metro In Brief". The Washington Post. October 31, 2000. p. B3.
  48. ↑ "Metro In Brief". The Washington Post. December 21, 2000. p. B3.
  49. ↑ "Fairfax County Parkway Earns Top Quality Award". Virginia Department of Transportation. April 1, 2003. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  50. ↑ Dwyer, Timothy (January 29, 2004). "Parkway Completion Approved". The Washington Post. p. T3.
  51. ↑ {(cite web |publisher=Virginia Department of Transportation |url=http://www.virginiadot.org/projects/const-project.asp?ID%3D62 |title=Fairfax County Parkway Extension |accessdate=July 31, 2007}] Archived August 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  52. ↑ "Project Schedule". fairfaxcountyparkway.org. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  53. ↑ "ARRA Tracking Sheet" (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 16, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  54. ↑ "BRAC: Fairfax County Parkway / I-95 Access Ramps". Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  55. ↑ Google Maps driving directions
  56. ↑ "Jurisdiction Report" (PDF). Virginia Department of Transportation. 2009. pp. 734–735. Retrieved April 5, 2012.

Route map: Google

KML is from Wikidata
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.