Victoria Dam (Sri Lanka)

Victoria Dam

The dam on 15 April 2011. Three days after its 26th anniversary of opening.
Location of Victoria Dam in Sri Lanka
Country Sri Lanka
Location Teldeniya
Coordinates 07°14′29″N 80°47′05″E / 7.24139°N 80.78472°E / 7.24139; 80.78472
Purpose Power
Status Operational
Construction began 14 August 1978 (1978-08-14)
Opening date 14 April 1985 (1985-04-14)
Dam and spillways
Type of dam Arch dam
Impounds Mahaweli River
Height (foundation) 122 m (400 ft)
Length 520 m (1,706 ft)
Width (base) 25 m (82 ft)
Spillways 8
Spillway capacity 8,200 m3/s (289,580 cu ft/s)
Reservoir
Creates Victoria Reservoir
Total capacity 722,000,000 m3 (2.55×1010 cu ft)
Active capacity 689,000,000 m3 (2.43×1010 cu ft)
Catchment area 1,869 km2 (722 sq mi)
Surface area 23 km2 (9 sq mi)
Victoria Power Station
Coordinates 07°12′00″N 80°48′21″E / 7.20000°N 80.80583°E / 7.20000; 80.80583
Turbines 3 × 70 MW
Installed capacity 210 MW
Annual generation 780 GWh

Victoria Dam is an arch dam located 130 mi (209 km) upstream of the Mahaweli River's mouth and 4 mi (6 km) from Teldeniya. Its main purposes are irrigation and hydroelectric power production. It is the tallest dam in Sri Lanka, and supports a 210 MW power station, the largest hydroelectric power station in the country. Construction of the dam commenced in 1978, and was ceremonially completed by then-President Jayewardene in April 1985.

History

The Victoria Dam was constructed under the Accelerated Mahaweli Development Programme (AMDP). The project had been in planning for 30 years but was accelerated in 1977 to address economic difficulties within the country. The plan is designed to irrigate 365,000 ha (901,935 acres) of land and provide 600 MW of electricity. The Victoria Dam was originally proposed in 1964 after studies were completed by Canada's Huntings Technical Services and a team from the United Nations Development Program—Food and Agriculture Organization (UNDP-FAO).[1] Construction of the dam was inaugurated on 14 August 1978, by the then-President Jayewardene with implementation of the main structures beginning in 1980. Its completion was marked by a ceremony on 12 April 1985. Construction of the dam and tunnel was completed by the British Joint Venture of Balfour Beatty and Edmund Nuttall, while Costain Group carried out the construction of the power station.[2] The consultant engineers on the project was Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners.[3] The dam resettled about 30,000 people — four times the estimate.[4]

Dam and powerhouse

The dam measures 122 m (400 ft) tall, with a crest length of 520 m (1,706 ft), crest width of 6 m (20 ft), and a base width of 25 m (82 ft). The dam creates the Victoria Reservoir, which has a surface area of 22.7 km2 (8.8 sq mi), gross storage capacity of 722,000,000 m3 (2.55×1010 cu ft), and a catchment area of 1,869 km2 (722 sq mi).[2]

Water from the dam is fed to the powerhouse at 07°12′00″N 80°48′21″E / 7.20000°N 80.80583°E / 7.20000; 80.80583 (Victoria Power Station) via a 5,646 m (18,524 ft) long tunnel, which houses three penstocks of 6.2 m (20.3 ft) diameter. These penstocks created a net head of 190 m (623 ft), feeding three 70 MW 12.5 kV turbines, which are capable of generating up to 780 GWh of electrical energy annually.

Th dam consists of eight spillways, each with a width and height of 12.5 m (41 ft) and 6.5 m (21.3 ft), which automatically opens when water levels are high. The dam's gates, which needs power only to close, won an award for "Innovative Design in Civil Engineering" by the Institution of Civil Engineers. The total effective width of the spillways is 100 m (328 ft), allowing a maximum discharge of 8,200 m3/s (289,580 cu ft/s). Two additional low-level sluices at the base of the dam allows the purging of accumulated silts behind the dam.[2]

A panoramic view of the Victoria Dam and Reservoir.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Mahaweli Projects & Programme 1983" (PDF). USAID. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 "Victoria Dam". Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  3. ↑ "Victoria Dam and Hydro Electric project". Central Engineering Consultant Bureau. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  4. ↑ "Victoria Project: Sri Lanka" (PDF). UK Department for International Development. Retrieved 1 May 2011.


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