Vice Media

Vice Media LLC
Limited liability company
Industry Mass media
Founded 1994 (1994)
Founders Suroosh Alvi
Shane Smith
Gavin McInnes
Headquarters Brooklyn, New York, United States
Brands Vice News
Viceland
Vice (magazine)
Noisey
Motherboard
Broadly
Munchies
Vice Sports
The Creators Project
Thump
i-D
Fightland
Waypoint
Tonic
Pulse Films
Starworks
Virtue Worldwide[1]
Garage[2][3]
Website www.vice.com

Vice Media LLC is a North American digital media and broadcasting company. Originating from the Montreal-based VICE magazine co-founded by Suroosh Alvi,[4] Shane Smith, and Gavin McInnes (who departed the company in 2008),[5] VICE expanded primarily into youth and young adult-focused digital media, including online content verticals and related web series, the news division VICE News, a film production studio, and a record label among other properties. In 2015 VICE Media was called "[arguably] a poster child for new-media success—especially when it comes to attracting a valuable millennial audience."[6]

In February 2016, VICE Media launched a cable television network in Canada and the United States known as Viceland—a millennial-targeted network which draws upon the resources of the lifestyle-oriented verticals of VICE. The Viceland TV channel currently operates in many international territories, with plans to expand to a total of 44 by the end of 2017.[7] VICE Media broadcasts two news programs on HBO. VICE News Tonight, which premiered October 10, 2016, showcases a nightly roundup of global news, technology, the environment, economics, and pop culture while eschewing traditional news anchors.[8][9][10] HBO also broadcasts the Emmy-winning weekly documentary series VICE, which premiered on the network in April 2013. VICE features segments on global issues hosted by Shane Smith, co-founder Suroosh Alvi, and a rotating cast of correspondents.[11][12]

Originally based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, VICE re-located to New York City in 2001. In August 2014, A&E Networks, a television group jointly owned by The Walt Disney Company and Hearst Corporation made a $US250 million investment in Vice Media for an ownership stake of 10%[13]. In November and December 2015, Disney made two additional individual investments of US$200 million totaling $400 million.[14][15] In June 2017, Vice secured a $450 million investment from private-equity firm TPG to increase spending on scripted programming and ongoing international expansion. As a result of the deal, Vice Media is now valued at $5.7 billion.[16]

History

Founding and early years (1994–2005)

VICE Media founders Shane Smith, Suroosh Alvi, and Gavin McInnes[17] launched the magazine Voice of Montreal in October 1994 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada with government funding to cover music, trends and drug culture not covered in print.[18]

They changed the name to VICE in 1996, and as the magazine became increasingly popular, the company found it difficult to scale their operations while based in Canada.[19] After being acquired in 1999 and moving to New York City , the co-founders bought VICE back and moved to new offices in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in 2001.[20] The magazine continued to gain attention and readership due to its content, commentary, and contributions from the likes of Terry Richardson, Ryan McGinley, and others. The magazine then rapidly expanded internationally, with Andrew Creighton and Andy Capper co-founding the UK division of VICE. The magazine then expanded further into five continents.

Co-founder Gavin McInnes left VICE Media due to "creative differences" with the company,[21] and founded the website streetcarnage.com. He later co-founded Rooster, an advertising agency, where he has since been terminated after publishing his controversial opinions on transgender issues.[22]

Digital expansion (2006–2011)

In 2006, on the advice of creative director Spike Jonze, VICE began expanding into digital video, launching new video service VBS.tv as a joint venture with MTV Networks.[23][24] VBS gained a fan base with shows like The VICE Guide To Travel, Epicly Later’d, and Toxic. The documentaries on the channel featured unusual subjects, and were hosted by young people working at VICE Media, often the founders themselves.

In 2007, VICE Media began aggressively expanding its digital video operation, launching new channels, such as Motherboard (tech), Noisey (music), and The Creators Project, an arts/technology site founded in partnership with Intel. VICE Media would later launch sites around Electronic music culture (Thump), global news (VICE News), food (Munchies) and sports (VICE Sports). Additionally, VICE Media launched Virtue Worldwide, a creative services agency, to expand their capabilities for work around their platforms.[25]

Ongoing expansion (2012–present)

In 2012, VICE Media continued to expand its coverage focused around news and current events.

In mid-August 2013, Rupert Murdoch's 21st Century Fox invested US$70 million in VICE Media, resulting in a 5 percent stake. Following the announcement, Smith explained, "We have set ourselves up to build a global platform but we have maintained control."[26]

In 2013 VICE Media premiered a new 30-minute news program for HBO titled VICE, executive produced by Bill Maher. In 2014, the second season of the show won a Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Informational Series or Special in the 66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards.[27]

In 2014, VICE Media launched its news channel, VICE News, which almost immediately gained global attention for its coverage of protests and conflict in Ukraine and Venezuela. As of October 2014, the leader of BBC’s Newsdesk claimed the organization was “playing catch-up” to VICE News.[28]

VICE Media has routinely advocated for their “immersionist” brand of journalism in the pursuit of more authentic and interesting stories. Their founders and editors have regularly garnered controversy from the likes of the New York Times’ David Carr, who bristled in an exchange with Shane Smith in the 2011 documentary Page One: Inside the New York Times. In a 2014 Time column, Carr said that VICE had since grown into a strong news entity. In August 2014, Carr published a New York Times column further reversing his earlier criticism of VICE, saying, "Being the crusty old-media scold felt good at the time, but recent events suggest that VICE is deadly serious about doing real news that people, yes, even young people, will actually watch."[29]

On July 2, 2014, VICE Media announced that it would be relocating into a warehouse space in Williamsburg formerly occupied by music venues 285 Kent, Death by Audio, and Glasslands. VICE spent US$20 million to renovate the 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m2) building as part of an eight-year lease,[30] facilitating the establishment of new production facilities with full broadcast capabilities, and received an offer of US$6.5 million in tax credits from New York state's Empire State Development.[31]

On March 26, 2015, HBO announced it would renew its contract to broadcast the weekly VICE documentary series for four years, while expanding the annual broadcast schedule from 14 to nearly 30 episodes.[32] The network also announced Vice would be launching a nightly news program. The show, entitled "Vice News Tonight," premiered October 10, 2016 and is slated to run 48 weeks each year, featuring pre-edited video and graphics segments covering global news, technology, the environment, economics and pop culture, while eschewing the use of live TV anchors.[10][33]

In November 2015, VICE and A&E Networks announced Viceland, a then-upcoming cable network that would feature VICE-produced content.[34][35][36]

VICE partnered with HBO again to launch nightly news program VICE News Tonight, beginning on October 10, 2016.[37][38][39]

On March 14, 2017, VICE announced an expanded original programming deal with Snap Inc. The new deal builds on VICE's previous deal to serve as a 2015 global launch partner on the Snapchat Discover platform. The first program planned under the new deal is Hungry Hearts with Action Bronson, starring the titular rapper.[40]

Also in March 2017, VICE announced a wide range of content deals which would make its programming available in more than 80 territories by the end of 2017.[41]

Properties

VICE magazine

VICE is a print magazine and website focused on arts, culture, and news topics. Founded in 1994 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the magazine later expanded into VICE Media, which consists of divisions including the magazine and website, a film production company, a record label, and a publishing imprint. As of April 2017, the magazine's chief creative officer is Eddy Moretti and Andrew Creighton and James Schwab are co-presidents. The editor-in-chief is Ellis Jones and the deputy editor is Erika Allen[42][43] and Alex Miller is the global head of content. The monthly publication is frequently focused on a single theme.

Digital channels

Name Launch Genre
VICE 2011 Culture
VICE News 2013 News
Noisey 2012 Music
Motherboard 2010 Technology and science
Broadly 2015 Women's interest
Munchies 2014 Food and cooking
VICE Sports 2014 Sports
The Creators Project 2010 Arts and creativity
Thump 2013 Electronic music
i-D 2013 Fashion
Fightland 2014 Mixed martial arts
Waypoint 2016[44] Video Games
Tonic 2016[45] Health and Wellness

VICE News

VICE News is the name of VICE Media's current affairs brand, consisting of ViceNews.com, a nightly news program, an Emmy-winning weekly news program[46] and a weekly newsmagazine. VICE News focuses on coverage of events that may not be as well covered by other news sources. On May 24, 2016, Vice Media promoted Josh Tyrangiel to oversee a unified Vice News division consisting of Vice News, the weekly HBO Vice News show, and the daily "Vice News Tonight."[47]

VICE News creates content daily, distributing written articles and video on its website and YouTube channel.[48] In 2015, the channel won two Peabody Awards for its video series "The Islamic State" and "Last Chance High."[49]

In 2013, HBO aired the first 10-episode season of a half-hour newsmagazine known as VICE, with Bill Maher as executive producer. The initial season saw international coverage for the season one finale that had VICE play an exhibition basketball game in North Korea with Dennis Rodman and the Harlem Globetrotters. The show was renewed for a second season, which aired in 2014 and won an Emmy award for Outstanding Informational Series or Special.[50] The show was picked up for two more 14-episode seasons by HBO in May 2014, which aired in 2015 and 2016. The program is currently in its fifth season which was expanded to a total of 30 episodes.[51]

In October 2016, a second Vice News program, a nightly news program called Vice News Tonight, premiered. The program is slated to run 48 weeks each year, featuring pre-edited video and graphics segments covering global news, technology, the environment, economics, and pop culture, while eschewing the use of live TV anchors.[52]

Viceland

Viceland is a cable television network operated by VICE in partnership with A&E Networks in the U.S., Rogers Media in Canada, and SBS (Special Broadcasting Service) in Australia primarily featuring documentary-style programs targeted toward millennials.[34][35][36]

VICE Music

Vice Records
Parent company Vice Media
Founded 2002 (2002)
Status Active (as of 7/27/2016, website is nonfunctional)
Genre Rock, hip hop, electronic, reggae
Country of origin United States
Location Brooklyn, New York
London
Official website www.vicerecords.com

VICE Records or VICE Music is a record label founded in 2002. It has released albums and singles by the following artists through various major label distributors:

VICE Films

On December 8, 2014, 20th Century Fox and VICE Media launched VICE Films to finance, produce, distribute, market, and acquire narrative films.[53]

VICE Films released the feature length rockumentary Heavy Metal in Baghdad in 2008, which follows the thrash metal band Acrassicauda in Iraq. The New York Times praised the production and reporting, calling it a "splendid feat of D.I.Y. reportage...Both a stirring testament to the plight of cultural expression in Baghdad and a striking report on the refugee scene in Syria, this rock-doc like no other electrifies its genre and redefines headbanging as an act of hard-core courage."[54]

VICE Films had its first theatrical release White Lightnin' in 2009, and a documentary on professional bull riders, entitled The Ride, in 2010.[55]

Swansea was featured in a television documentary "Swansea Love Story" as part of the Rule Britannia series on VBS.tv. The episode covers a heroin epidemic in the UK.[56]

Reincarnated, a documentary film on Snoop Dogg's transformation into reggae artist and Rastafari Snoop Lion, was released in 2013.[57]

Lil Bub & Friendz, a feature documentary about meme cats such as Grumpy Cat,[58] premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 18, 2013[59] and won the Tribeca Online Festival Best Feature Film.[60]

In 2014, VICE produced and distributed all this mayhem follows the rise and fall of renown skateboarders Ben Pappas and Tas Pappas.

“Fishing Without Nets,” VICE Films’ first narrative feature, won Best Director for Cutter Hodeine at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival.[61] The film was released online in partnership with 20th Century Fox in October 2014.

The VICE Guide To Everything

The MTV series The VICE Guide to Everything, which premiered in December 2010, was a weekly news magazine featuring short video segments on various global issues, hosted by Shane Smith and roster of correspondents. The segments sought to cater to a younger audience with a more condensed, entertaining approach to the news.[62][63][64][65][66]

VICE Books

VICE Media, through its magazine VICE, has published the collections The DOs and DON'Ts Book and The VICE Guide to Sex and Drugs and Rock and Roll. In 2008, the photograph compilation The VICE Photo Book was released and featured published works from previous editions of the magazine.[67]

Business operations

Global expansion

VICE Media has steadily acquired media properties and firms and closed deals in order to expand its global operations.

In June 2014, it was reported that Time Warner was negotiating to acquire a minority stake in VICE Media; among the company's plans were to give VICE Media control over the programming of HLN—a spin-off network of CNN which had recently struggled in its attempts to re-focus itself as a younger-skewing, social media-oriented news service. However, the deal fell through as the companies were unable to agree on a proper valuation,[68] and VICE Media chose to partner with A&E Networks for a 10% minority stake.[69] A&E's co-owner Disney made a second investment of $200 million[70]

On October 30, 2014, VICE Media announced a CDN$100 million joint venture with Rogers Communications that to facilitate the construction of production facilities in Toronto, as well as the introduction of a VICE-branded television network and digital properties in Canada in 2015. Rogers CEO Guy Laurence described the proposed studio as "a powerhouse for Canadian digital content focused on 18- to 34-year-olds" that will be "exciting" and provocative." The content of the partnership will be aimed primarily toward digital platforms.[71][72]

In November 2014, VICE Media announced that Alyssa Mastromonaco, who formerly worked in the Obama administration, would come on board as the company's chief operating officer in January 2015,[73] and that James Schwab, who had previously advised VICE and Dreamworks on media deals, would be joining as Co-President.[74]

In June 2016, at the Cannes Lions Awards, the company announced its planned expansion into over 50 countries, including partnerships with The Times of India Group and Moby that will see VICE enter the India and Middle East markets with digital, mobile, and linear operations.[75] New Viceland channels have already launched in Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and Africa.[76][77]

In late 2016, VICE announced a news and content expansion into the Indonesian market, with the goal of reaching the country’s roughly 100 million young adults aged between 18 and 34 years. As of November 7, 2016, VICE had struck digital and cable programming deals with Google and Indonesian television network Jawa Pos TV to broadcast its original lifestyle, culture, and news content.[78][79]

On March 1, 2017 at Mobile World Congress, VICE announced new content deals with mobile operators in multiple regions, including an extensive Asia Pacific expansion and renewed partnership with Verizon’s Go90 branch. The new deals will bring VICE’s content into more than 80 global territories by the end of 2017.[41]

On March 22, 2017, VICE Media finalized a deal with French digital media studio Blackpills for the creation of a lineup of original short-form programming, set to premiere on VICE's digital video hub, video.vice.com. Blackpills is set to enlist filmmakers including Luc Besson, Bryan Singer, and Zoe Cassavetes in the creative effort. VICE's London subsidiary Pulse Films will also contribute original content that will air on video.vice.com.[80]

Later in March 2017, while in India, Shane Smith discussed his partnership with the Times Group. The company will launch Vice India across all platforms later this year as well as their agency business, Virtue.[81] Smith also revealed that the company had "held India back as a launch partner because it's so important to get it right. We didn’t just want to come in, set up a studio and go. We wanted to have a plan, make sure we did it correctly."[82] In June 2017, Vice announced a partnership with Brazilian media giant Grupo Global that will see Vice grow its existing presence in the region through increased local production capabilities and increased mobile programming.[83][84]

Since 2004, the company has acquired the following properties:

Carrot Creative

VICE acquired the Brooklyn-based digital agency, Carrot Creative in December 2013.[85] The deal was reported to be worth U.S. $15 to $20 million in stock and cash.[86]

Old Blue Last Pub

The Old Blue Last pub in 2012.
Old Blue Last at Wikimedia Commons

VICE runs a pub and music venue in Shoreditch, East London named The Old Blue Last,[87] in which a live music program entitled "Live at the Old Blue Last" is filmed.[88] After VICE bought the Old Blue Last in 2004,[89] it underwent a series of improvements, with most taking place in 2010.[90] Bands who have played at the venue include Arctic Monkeys, Amy Winehouse, Chromeo, Black Lips, and Florence + the Machine.[91]

i-D Magazine

VICE integrated with the British fashion magazine i-D[92] in December 2012,[93] with VICE president Andrew Creighton calling it "one of the only fashion publications in the world we actually respect."[94]

VRSE.farm

In 2015, VICE announced it invested an "undisclosed sum" in VRSE.farm, a virtual reality company founded by acclaimed director Chris Milk. The announcement came alongside a debut VR experience at the Sundance Festival, a "virtual-reality journalism broadcast" made in partnership with Spike Jonze and VICE News.[95]

Pulse Films

In March 2016, VICE acquired controlling stake in UK television and film production company Pulse Films, to bolster its original programming efforts.[96][97] As of March 22, 2017, Pulse Films produces original content including the series Pillowtalk and Twiz and Tuck Bucket List for exclusive release on video.vice.com, VICE's digital video hub.[80]

Garage Magazine

That same year in July, VICE acquired UK magazine Garage to expand it foothold in the youth market and plans to launched a television network focused on Art, Fashion and Literature.[98][99]

Virtue Worldwide

On January 26, 2017, VICE announced the consolidation of its in-house agency Virtue with Carrot Creative, a digital and mobile agency VICE acquired in 2013, Pulse Films, a production company VICE acquired in 2016, and Starworks Group, a fashion and entertainment brand development agency VICE acquired in 2016, into the new “Virtue Worldwide.” Based in Brooklyn, New York, the combined 450-person global consultancy provides the services of a full agency network and multi-platform content creation studio. Virtue Worldwide will be led by CEO Lars Hemming Jorgensen.[100]

Relying on these in-house and acquired agencies, apart from its editorial operations, VICE works with advertisers to create global ad campaigns tailored to the company's younger audience.[101][102] The ads generate revenue from the production of the ad and placement within a given media property.[103] VICE maintains the separation between the production of branded and hard news content, while some critics contend that their operation "blurs the line between editorial and sponsorship".[104] This practice is sometimes referred to as "native advertising," due to how ads are often mingled with regular content.[105] Co-founder Alvi has also said that VICE has had "franchises that were underwritten by sponsors - that's our goal, to get a lot of our news franchises and stories and reports sponsored by advertisers. It's kind of the way news used to be in the fifties: 'Brought to you by Gillette' or whatever it was. We love that model."[106]

Some of the brands that VICE has worked with are Google, Unilever, Bank of America, Samsung, Toyota, Levi Strauss & Co. and Intel.[107] However, some advertisers have been controversial; Edition Worldwide, a subsidiary of VICE UK, was called "highly irresponsible" by the Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids and other anti-smoking groups for their work producing content for tobacco giant Philip Morris International. This was seen as unethical by anti-tobacco groups due to the young audience which VICE News usually attracts.[108][109]

Unionization

On August 7, 2015, the roughly 70-person writing staff of VICE Media US voted to unionize, joining the Writers Guild of America. VICE management quickly recognized the union. The successful union drive followed in the footsteps of Salon, Gawker, and The Guardian.[110][111]

In February 2016, staff members at VICE UK called for unionisation with an officially recognised trade union by the National Union of Journalists. Staff members said this was following the steps of VICE US (which unionised with the Writers Guild of America, East[112]), in order to allow the staff to "share in the success of the company", to strengthen job security by VICE providing better contracts, to address "pay issues ... so everyone gets a fair deal, including freelancers" and enhance career progression opportunities.[113]

This proposition was rejected by VICE UK; the company refused to recognise the National Union of Journalists but instead said that they were free to set up an internal staff council. VICE chief executive, Matt Elek, claimed the NUJ had displayed "a concerning lack of transparency from them about who they are purporting to represent here [and had] not been able to provide us with any numbers to demonstrate the degree of support they have in this office", adding that: "The NUJ are used to working with old print media businesses and structures – they are not used to innovative, digital workplaces like this where the culture has always been to encourage flexibility and allow people work across different departments."[114]

The rejection is in contrast to the US, where journalists working for the digital operations of VICE, Gawker and the Guardian have all won union recognition.[114] In response, Michelle Stanistreet (General Secretary of the National Union of Journalists) said:

The accusation that the NUJ has not been transparent in its discussions with VICE management is simply untrue. It's a shame that the company has proven so resistant to listening to its own staff and facilitating what they want – a collective voice at work. That the NUJ and its 30,000 members – including those at VICE – are not used to the reality of a digital workforce is laughable and shows it's the company who are out of date with 21st century trade unions. Rejecting calls for union recognition from their own journalists and then trying to fob them off with a Rupert Murdoch-style staff association is a pretty old-fashioned union-busting ruse that misses the point. NUJ officials and reps at VICE will continue with the push for recognition and if the company wants that to be gained through the law forcing their hand rather than through sensible engagement with their staff, so be it.[115]

On May 2, 2017, Vice Media ratified a three-year collective bargaining agreement with 170 employees of the company's Canadian division who had joined the Canadian Media Guild union in 2016.[116]

Office expansion in Brooklyn

In July 2014, VICE Media announced it would be moving its headquarters to a new building in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, where their New York office had been since 1999. According to an article in the Wall Street Journal, the move would allow them to double their current office size and hire about 500 new employees.[117]

Following this announcement, the two music venues occupying the building, Glasslands Gallery and Death By Audio, soon announced the news they would be closing. Following the announcement from Glasslands management in October 2014 that the arts venue would close at the end of 2014, thereby making it the third Williamsburg music space to close through VICE Media's expansion—alongside 285 Kent and Death By Audio—Big Shot Magazine claimed that the Brooklyn music community had received a "proverbial kick in the groin."[118]

After a series of articles covering the venues' eviction, BrooklynVegan reported on the deals that led to VICE Media moving into the new office, including terms buying out tenants and covering past overdue rent, that contradicted some press around the renovation of the building and VICE Media's dealings with the current tenants. Regardless, as the article puts it, "The concept of 'VICE vs. DIY' in Williamsburg is officially a thing."[119]

After expanding into the Glasslands Gallery and Death by Audio space in 2014, VICE further expanded its Brooklyn footprint by leasing a 74,000 square foot property at 55 Washington Street. The new property houses agency acquisitions Carrot Creative and Starworks Group, along with other VICE corporate staff.[120][121]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Shields, Mike (January 26, 2017). "Vice Encroaches on Ad Agency Business With Creation of Virtue Worldwide". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2017-04-08.
  2. ↑ Jaafar, Ali (29 March 2016). "Vice Media Acquires Majority Stake In UK Production Company Pulse Films". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ↑ Spangler, Todd (5 July 2016). "Vice Buys Garage Magazine, Will Launch Digital Channel for Art, Fashion and Architecture". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  4. ↑ "Ex Heroin Addict Turned Media Mogul, Outlook - BBC World Service". BBC.
  5. ↑ Pareene. "Co-Founder Gavin McInnes Finally Leaves 'Vice'". Gawker. Retrieved 2017-04-19.
  6. ↑ "Vice is a new-media behemoth. But is it a unicorn?". Fortune. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  7. ↑ Sweney, Mark (2016-06-22). "Vice to launch in more than 50 new countries". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  8. ↑ Evans, Greg (2016-09-13). "HBO’s Ambitious ‘Vice News Tonight’ Postpones Launch By Two Weeks". Deadline. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  9. ↑ "'Vice News Tonight' casts wide net on HBO". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  10. 1 2 "HBO’s Vice News Tonight Is Doing Something Right". Vulture. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  11. ↑ Hale, Mike (2013-04-04). "‘Vice,’ a New Approach to News, on HBO". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  12. ↑ Pedersen, Erik (2016-12-13). "‘Vice’ Gets Season 5 Premiere Date On HBO; Order Upped To 30 Episodes". Deadline. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
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  14. ↑ Ember, Sydney (2015-12-08). "Disney Invests $200 Million More in Vice Media to Support New Programming". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
  15. ↑ "Disney Doubles Investment in Vice Media to $400 Million". Bloomberg.com. 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
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  30. ↑ Jordan Sargent (22 October 2014). "No One Wants To Say It, But Vice Is Displacing Brooklyn Institutions". Gawker. Gawker. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
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  33. ↑ "'Vice News Tonight' Seeks To Reinvent TV News For Millennials". NPR.org. Retrieved 2017-06-14.
  34. 1 2 "It's Official: Vice Channel to Take Over A+E Networks' History Spinoff H2". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
  35. 1 2 "Viceland, a New Cable Channel, Aims to Stand Out". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
  36. 1 2 "A+E Networks’ H2 To Be Rebranded As Vice". Deadline. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
  37. ↑ Evans, Greg (2016-09-13). "HBO’s Ambitious ‘Vice News Tonight’ Postpones Launch By Two Weeks". Deadline. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
  38. ↑ "'Vice News Tonight' casts wide net on HBO". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
  39. ↑ "HBO’s Vice News Tonight Is Doing Something Right". Vulture. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
  40. ↑ Spangler, Todd (2017-03-14). "Vice to Produce Original Snapchat Shows, Starting With Action Bronson’s Dating Series". Variety. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
  41. 1 2 Barraclough, Leo (2017-03-01). "Vice Media Inks Mobile Deals in Multiple Territories". Variety. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
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  45. ↑ "Vice Is Launching a New Channel Focused on Healthcare as It Inevitably Changes". AdWeek. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
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  49. ↑ "Vice News, ‘Serial’ win Peabody Awards". POLITICO. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
  50. ↑ Wire. "HBO's 'Vice' Wins Emmy for Outstanding Informational Series or Special – Sound & Picture". Sound & Picture.
  51. ↑ Pedersen, Erik (2016-12-13). "‘Vice’ Gets Season 5 Premiere Date On HBO; Order Upped To 30 Episodes". Deadline. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
  52. ↑ Steinberg, Brian (2016-09-13). "Vice Plans Nightly News Show for Generation That Has Already Seen Daily Headlines". Variety. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
  53. ↑ 20th Century Fox, Vice Media Launch Vice Films Thom Geier thewrap.com, Retrieved on July 27, 2016
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