Flare gun

An Orion-brand single shot, breech loaded, 12 gauge flare gun. Its design is typical of commercially available flare guns.
Patel Ballistics Flare Gun
A single-shot, 26.5/25mm flare gun manufactured by Patel Ballistics. It is chambered in a different caliber than the Orion flare gun.

A flare gun is a firearm that launches flares. It is typically used for signalling, as distress signalling, for people at sea or from the ground to aircraft. It is not designed to function as a weapon.

Types

The most common type of flare gun is a Very (sometimes spelled Verey),[1] which was named after Edward Wilson Very (1847–1910), an American naval officer who developed and popularized a single-shot breech-loading snub-nosed pistol that fired flares (Very flares). They have a single action trigger mechanism, hammer action, center fire pin.[2] Modern varieties are frequently made out of brightly colored, durable plastic.

British 1" calibre Very pistol of World War I

The older type of Very pistol, typical of the type used in the Second World War, are of one inch bore (26.5mm), now known as 'Calibre 4' for signal pistols.[3] These are still available and more recent longer barrel models can also fire parachute flares.[4] Many newer models fire smaller 12-gauge flares. In countries where possession of firearms is strictly controlled, such as the United Kingdom, the use of Very pistols as emergency equipment on boats is less common than, for example, the United States. In such locations, distress flares are more commonly fired from single-shot tube devices which are then disposed of after use. These devices are fired by twisting or striking a pad on one end, but the contents are otherwise similar to a round from a flare gun, although the flares themselves are much larger and can burn brighter for longer.. In the Russian Federation, which also has strict controls on firearms, a special tube-shaped flare launching device called a "Hunter's Signal" (Сигнал Охотника) is available. This is reusable but is deliberately designed in a way to avoid resemblance to a gun.

Flare guns may be used whenever someone needs to send a distress signal. The flares must be shot directly above, making the signal visible for a longer period of time and revealing the position of whoever is in need of assistance. There are four distinct flare calibers; 12ga, 25mm, 26.5mm, and 37mm. The first three being the most popular for boaters.

Use as weapons

A Molins No.2 Mk.5, 1-inch calibre Very pistol, c. 1940, made by Berridge Ltd.

While not intended as a weapon, flare guns have been used as such in some situations. Towards the end of World War I during the Final Offensive of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, on 19 October 1918 a German aircraft was destroyed on the ground by firing a Very light into the aircraft. The D.F.W. two-seater was first seen in the air; the first German aircraft since aerial fighting over Deraa on 16 and 17 September just prior to the beginning of the Battle of Sharon. The two-seater was forced to land and was destroyed after the German pilot and observer had moved to safety.[5][6]

In 1942, a German pilot mistakenly landed at the Pembrey Airfield in Wales. The duty pilot, Sgt. Jeffreys, did not have a conventional weapon, so he grabbed a Very pistol and used it to capture the German pilot, Oberleutnant Armin Faber.[7]

In World War II, Germany manufactured grenades designed to be fired from adapted flare guns known as the Kampfpistole, or Sturmpistole in its final form. The weapon was designed to function as an anti-tank weapon but failed to perform to expectations due to the minuscule amount of TNT carried in the hollow charge projectiles.[8]

In the latter stages of the Korean War, on November 2 of 1951, Lieutenant Edward Mastronardi and his 28-man platoon of the Royal Canadian Regiment were occupying a spur halfway between UN and Chinese lines known as the Song-gok. During the night of the 2nd-3rd, Chinese infantry launched several attacks against the spur. During the second attack, Mastronardi personally shot two Chinese soldiers with his Inglis Hi-Power pistol, and killed a third with his flare gun.[9]

Conversion kits are available to convert a standard flare gun into a single shot pistol that accepts a variety of ammunition, however the use of these kits is not recommended by the manufacturer and may lead a catastrophic failure of the launcher. If these conversion kits are used the flare gun is considered to be a firearm by the ATF and classified as a AOW and therefore subject to the provisions of the NFA in the United States.[10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Chambers 21st Century Dictionary (revised ed.). New Delhi: Allied Publishers (P) Ltd. 2005. p. 1578. ISBN 81-86062-26-2.
  2. ↑
    • Julio S. Guzmán, Las Armas Modernas de Infantería, Abril de 1953
  3. ↑ "Signal Pistol and Cartridges". Paines Wessex.
  4. ↑ Pains Wessex catalogue showing modern 26.5mm flare gun and both parachute flares (maroons) and conventional flare cartridges, accessed July 2012
  5. ↑ Cutlack, F. M. (1941). "Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918". The Australian Flying Corps in the Western and Eastern Theatres of War, 1914–1918 (11th online ed.). Canberra, ACT: Australian War Memorial. pp. 168–169.
  6. ↑ Falls, Cyril (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. II. Part II. London: HMSO. p. 466. OCLC 256950972.
  7. ↑ Pembrey Airport: History
  8. ↑ German Flare Gun
  9. ↑ McMillan, Duncan. "Canada Boy, You Die Tonight". Korea Veterans Association of Canada, Inc. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
  10. ↑ https://www.atf.gov/firearms/docs/open-letter/national-may2006-open-letter-flare-inserts-any-other-weapon/download
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