Shades of orange

Orange
 
Wavelength 585–620 nm
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FF7F00
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 127, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 50, 100, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (30°, 100%, 100%)
Source HTML Color Chart @30
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

In optics, orange has a wavelength between approximately 585 and 620 nm and a hue of 30° in HSV color space. In the RGB color space it is a tertiary color numerically halfway between gamma-compressed red and yellow, as can be seen in the RGB color wheel. The complementary color of orange is azure. Orange pigments are largely in the ochre or cadmium families, and absorb mostly blue light.

Varieties of the color orange may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being an orange or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.

Orange (color wheel)

Orange (color wheel)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FF7F00
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 127, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 50, 100, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (30°, 100%, 100%)
Source HTML Color Chart @30
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is the color orange, also known as color wheel orange. This is the tone of orange that is a pure chroma on the HSV color wheel, the expression of which is known as the RGB color wheel, exactly halfway between red and yellow. The complementary color of orange is azure.

Computer web color oranges

Orange (web color)

Orange (web color)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FFA500
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 165, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 35, 100, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (39°, 100%, 100%)
Source X11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is the web color called orange. It is defined in CSS as the hex triplet FFA500.

Dark orange (web color)

Dark orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FF8C00
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 140, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 45, 100, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (33°, 100%, 100%)
Source X11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The web color called dark orange is at the right.

Additional definitions of orange

Orange (Pantone)

Orange (Pantone)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FF5800
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 88, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 65, 100, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (21°, 100%, 100[1]%)
Source Pantone TPX[2]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color that is called orange in Pantone.

The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #021 TPX—Orange.[3]

Orange (Crayola)

Orange (Crayola)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FF7538
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 117, 56)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 54, 78, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (18°, 78%, 100[4]%)
Source Crayola
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color that is called orange by Crayola.

Orange was one of the original colors formulated by Crayola in 1903.

Other variations of orange

Papaya whip

Papaya Whip
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FFEFD5
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 239, 213)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 6, 16, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (37°, 16%, 100%)
Source X11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the web color papaya whip, a pale tint of orange.

Papaya whip is a representation of the color that would result if mashed papayas were blended with vanilla ice cream, whipped cream, or yogurt.

Peach

Peach
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FFE5B4
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 229, 180)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 10, 29, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (39°, 29%, 100%)
Source Maerz and Paul[5]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color peach.

The first recorded use of peach as a color name in English was in 1588.[6]

Light orange

Light orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FED8B1
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (254, 216, 177)
HSV       (h, s, v) (30°, 30%, 100%)
Source Crayola C.P.
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Displayed at right is the color light orange.

This color was formulated for Crayola colored pencils.

Apricot

Apricot
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FBCEB1
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (251, 206, 177)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 18, 29, 2)
HSV       (h, s, v) (24°, 29%, 98[7]%)
Source Maerz and Paul[8]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color apricot.

Apricot has been in use as a color name since 1851.[9]

Melon

A cantaloupe from Australia
Melon
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FDBCB4
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (253, 188, 180)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 26, 91, 1)
HSV       (h, s, v) (7°, 29%, 99[10]%)
Source Crayola
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the color melon.

This color is a representation of the color of the interior flesh of a cantaloupe, the most commonly consumed melon.

The first recorded use of melon as a color name in English was in 1892.[11]

In 1958, melon was formulated as one of the Crayola colors.

Atomic tangerine

Atomic tangerine
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FF9966
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 153, 102)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 40, 60, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (20°, 60%, 100%)
Source Crayola
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the color atomic tangerine.

This color was formulated by Crayola in 1990.

Atomic tangerine is supposed to be a fluorescent color, but there is no mechanism for showing fluorescence on a flat computer screen.

Tea rose

Tea rose (orange)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #F88379
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (248, 131, 121)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 47, 51, 3)
HSV       (h, s, v) (5°, 51%, 97%)
Source ISCC-NBS
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color tea rose.

This color is the color of a type of orange rose called a tea rose.[12]

The first recorded use of tea rose as a color name in English was in 1884.[13] The source of this color is the following website: ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names (1955)--Color Sample of Tea Rose (color sample #26)

Carrot orange

Carrots
Carrot orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #ED9121
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (237, 145, 33)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 39, 86, 7)
HSV       (h, s, v) (33°, 86%, 93%)
Source Maerz and Paul
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Carrot orange is a tint of orange that is a representation of the color of the raw carrot vegetable.

The first recorded use of carrot orange as a color name in English was in 1684.[14]

Orange peel

Orange fruit and cross section
Orange peel
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FF9F00
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 159, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 38, 100, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (37°, 100%, 100%)
Source Maerz and Paul
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the color orange peel.

A discussion of the difference between the color orange (the color halfway between red and yellow, shown below as color wheel orange) and the color orange peel (the actual color of the outer skin of an orange), may be found in Maerz and Paul.[15] Orange peel is the color halfway between orange (color wheel) and amber on the color wheel.

The first recorded use of orange peel as a color name in English was in 1839.[16]

Princeton orange

Princeton orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #EE7F2D
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (245, 128, 37)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 61, 97, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (26°, 85%, 96%)
Source Princeton University
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The first recorded use of Princeton orange as a color name in English was in 1928.[17]

The color symbolizes Princeton University and is defined as Pantone 158.[18] The equivalent RGB values vary among sources. One such color, closely matching that used on the defining pages at Princeton, is shown at right.

UT orange

UT orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FF8200
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 130, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 50, 100, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (31°, 100%, 100%)
Source University of Tennessee[19]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

This shade of orange is unique to the University of Tennessee (UT), defined by the institution as Pantone 151, and is called UT orange. It is offered for sale by The Home Depot and licensed by the university. According to the university, this shade of orange is derived from the American daisy, which grew in profusion on the oldest part of the campus, The Hill.

Spanish orange

Orange (G&S)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #E86100
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (232, 97, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 58, 100, 9)
HSV       (h, s, v) (25°, 100%, 91%)
Source Gallego and Sanz[20]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Spanish orange is the color that is called naranja (the Spanish word for "orange") in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

Tangerine

The first recorded use of tangerine as a color name in English was in 1899.[21]

Pumpkin

Pumpkin
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FF7518
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 117, 24)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 54, 91, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (24°, 91%, 100%)
Source Maerz and Paul[22]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
The Cucurbita upon which the color "pumpkin" is based.

Pumpkin is a color that resembles pumpkins.

The first recorded use of pumpkin as a color name in English was in 1922.[23]

Pumpkin or orange is used with black for Halloween decorations.

Giants orange

Giants orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FE5A1D
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (254, 90, 29)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 65, 89, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (16°, 89%, 100[24]%)
Source [Unsourced]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The color Giants orange is displayed at right.

This is the color that symbolizes, along with black and cream, the San Francisco Giants baseball team.

Vermilion (cinnabar)

Vermilion (cinnabar)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #E34234
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (227, 66, 52)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 71, 77, 11)
HSV       (h, s, v) (5°, 77%, 89%)
Source Maerz and Paul[25]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Vermilion is a color that originates from the pigment found in the mineral cinnabar. Vermilion may also be sometimes be spelled in error as vermillion. Also known as cinnabar and in its deeper form known as China red, vermilion is reddish orange, much like scarlet, only more orange than scarlet. It can be produced naturally (from the mineral cinnabar) and artificially. Cinnabar is a deep red-orange mineral, mercuric sulfide, HgS; the principal ore of mercury; the pigment vermilion is extracted from this ore.

Tomato

Tomato
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FF6347
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (255, 99, 71)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 61, 72, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (9°, 72%, 100%)
Source X11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The web color tomato is a medium reddish-orange color that is the color of actual supermarket tomatoes. Many vine-ripened tomatoes are a bit redder. The color of tomato soup is slightly less saturated. The color tomato is displayed at right.

Average tomato

The first recorded use of tomato as a color name in English was in 1891.[26]

When the X11 color names were invented in 1987, the color tomato was formulated as one of them. In the early 1990s, the X11 colors became known as the X11 web colors.

Bittersweet

Bittersweet
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #FE6F5E
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (254, 111, 94)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 56, 63, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v) (6°, 63%, 100[27]%)
Source Crayola
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The color bittersweet is displayed at right.

The first recorded use of bittersweet as a color name in English was in 1892.[28]

In 1958, bittersweet was made into a Crayola color. RoseArt calls this color sweet bitter instead of bittersweet.

Persimmon

Persimmon
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #EC5800
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (236, 88, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 63, 100, 7)
HSV       (h, s, v) (22°, 100%, 93[29]%)
Source Maerz and Paul[30]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
A ripe persimmon fruit

Persimmon is a color that resembles persimmons.

The first recorded use of persimmon as a color name in English was in 1922.[31]

Persian orange

Persian orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #D99058
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (217, 144, 88)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 34, 59, 15)
HSV       (h, s, v) (26°, 59%, 85[32]%)
Source ISCC-NBS
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Persian orange is a color used in pottery and Persian carpets in Iran.

The first recorded use of Persian orange as a color name in English was in 1892.[33]

Orange pudding (milk added to pureed oranges that is mixed in a blender with flour and slowly boiled on a stovetop) is colored Persian orange, assuming no food coloring is added. Allis-Chalmers tractors have been colored Persian orange since 1928 so that, even when caked with dirt, they could still be distinguished from landscape features.[34]

Alloy orange

Alloy orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #C46210
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (196, 98, 16)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 50, 92, 23)
HSV       (h, s, v) (27°, 92%, 77[35]%)
Source Crayola
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the color alloy orange.

Alloy orange is one of the colors in the special set of metallic Crayola crayons called Metallic FX, the colors of which were formulated by Crayola in 2001.

Although this is supposed to be a metallic color, there is no mechanism for displaying metallic colors on a computer.

Burnt orange

Burnt orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #BF5700
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (191, 87, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 65, 100, 9)
Source University of Texas at Austin[36]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Burnt orange has been used as a color name for this medium dark shade of orange since 1915.[37]

This color is one variation that is used as a school color of The University of Texas at Austin, Auburn University, and Virginia Tech.

Burnt orange is not a standard color; for example, it is defined differently by Auburn University[38][39] and the University of Texas at Austin.[36][40] The National Hockey League's San Jose Sharks use burnt orange as a secondary color,[41] and it is one of three colors of the National Football League's Cleveland Browns.[42][43] The Chicago Bears also use it as an alternate color.

Burnt orange was used by the University of Montana prior to 1996[44] and Oklahoma State University for its football uniforms from 1973 through 1983.[45]

Burnt orange was popular in interior design in the 1970s.

Bittersweet shimmer

Bittersweet shimmer
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #BF4F51
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (191, 79, 81)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 59, 58, 25)
HSV       (h, s, v) (359°, 59%, 75[46]%)
Source Crayola
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the color bittersweet shimmer.

Bittersweet shimmer is one of the colors in the special set of metallic Crayola crayons called Metallic FX, the colors of which were formulated by Crayola in 2001.

Although this is supposed to be a metallic color, there is no mechanism for displaying metallic colors on a computer.

Brown

Brown
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #964B00
sRGBB  (r, g, b) (150, 75, 0)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k) (0, 50, 100, 41)
HSV       (h, s, v) (30°, 100%, 59%)
Source [Unsourced]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Brown, although an independent color term, actually combines the orange hue (or close to orange) with low brightness. It can be described as an especially dark orange or, in painters' terminology, a deep shade of orange.

The first recorded use of brown as a color name in English was in about 1000 AD in the Metres of Boethius.[47][48]

Wrapping the spectrum into a color wheel

If the visible spectrum is wrapped to form a color wheel, orange appears midway between red and yellow:

Visible spectrum wrapped to join yellow and red in an additive mixture of orange

See also

References

  1. ↑ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #FF5800 (Orange (Pantone)):
  2. ↑ Type the word "Orange" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear.
  3. ↑ Pantone TPX Pantone Color Finder--Type the word "Orange" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear:
  4. ↑ web.forrett.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #FF7538 (Orange (Crayola)):
  5. ↑ The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called peach in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color peach is displayed on page 41, Plate 9, Color Sample A5.
  6. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930--McGraw Hill Page 201; Color Sample of Peach: Page 41 Plate 9 Color Sample A5
  7. ↑ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #FBCEB1 (Apricot):
  8. ↑ The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called apricot in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color apricot is displayed on page 43, Plate 10, Color Sample 7F.
  9. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York: 1930—McGraw-Hill. See page 189 for year of first recorded use of color name reference and page 43, Plate 10 Color Sample 7F for color sample of Apricot.
  10. ↑ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #FDBCB4 (Melon):
  11. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 199; Color Sample of Melon: Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample D10
  12. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930--McGraw-Hill--Discussion of color Tea Rose, Page 183
  13. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 183
  14. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 192; Color Sample: Carrot Orange Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample C11
  15. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930--McGraw-Hill--Discussion of color Orange, Page 170
  16. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 200; Colour Sample: Orange Peel Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample L10.
  17. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 202; Color Sample of Princeton Orange: Page 41 Plate 9 Color Sample K11
  18. ↑ "Color – Office of Communications". Princeton University. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  19. ↑ "Our Palette". University of Tennessee, Knoxville–Office of Communications & Marketing. October 24, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  20. ↑ Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guía de coloraciones (Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guide to Colorations) Madrid: H. Blume. ISBN 84-89840-31-8
  21. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 205; Color Sample: Tangerine Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample H11
  22. ↑ The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called pumpkin in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color pumpkin is displayed on page 43, Plate 10, Color Sample H11.
  23. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 202; Color Sample of Pumpkin: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample H11
  24. ↑ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #FE5A1D (Giants Orange):
  25. ↑ The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called vermilion in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color vermilion is displayed on page 27, Plate 2, Color Sample L11. It is noted on page 193 that the color cinnabar is another name for the color vermilion.
  26. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 205; Color Sample of Tomato: Page 29 Plate 3 Color Sample I12
  27. ↑ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #FE6F5E (Bittersweet):
  28. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190; Color Sample of Bittersweet: Page 29 Plate 3 Color Sample J12
  29. ↑ web.forrett.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #EC5800 (Persimmon) :
  30. ↑ The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called persimmon in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color persimmon is displayed on page 35, Plate 6, Color Sample E12.
  31. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; Color Sample of Persimmon: Page 35 Plate 6 Color Sample E12
  32. ↑ web.forrett.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #D99058 (Persian Orange) :
  33. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; color sample of Persian orange: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample F10
  34. ↑ Now called "Persian Orange No. 1" (Guy Fay, Andy Kraushaar, Original Allis-Chalmers, 1933-1957 2000:121; My Allis-Chalmers story
  35. ↑ web.forrett.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #C46210 (Alloy Orange):
  36. 1 2 "Color". University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  37. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York: 1930--McGraw-Hill (see under Burnt Orange in Index, Page 191)
  38. ↑ "Official Colors". Auburn University. August 10, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  39. ↑ The shade of burnt orange used by Auburn University is RGB 221, 85, 12; HEX #DD550C.
  40. ↑ The shade of burnt orange used by the University of Texas at Austin is Pantone 159; CMYK 0, 65, 100, 9; RGB 191, 87, 0; HEX #BF5700.
  41. ↑ "Front Office Directory". San Jose Sharks. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  42. ↑ "Glidden Team Colors: 8-oz. #NFL-171A NFL Cleveland Browns Orange Interior Paint Sample". The Home Depot. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  43. ↑ The shade of orange used by the Cleveland Browns is RGB 240, 93, 53.
  44. ↑ Moy, Chelsi (May 20, 2010). "UM President Dennison reflects on his legacy, MT". The Missoulian. Missoula, Montana. The Associated Press News Service.
  45. ↑ Killackey, Jim (November 3, 1984). "It's Official! OSU's True School Color Will Be "PMS 166' Other Orange - Hues Taboo". The Daily Oklahoman. Stillwater, Oklahoma.
  46. ↑ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #BF4F51 (Bittersweet Shimmer):
  47. ↑ "brown, adj.". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  48. ↑ Maerz and Paul, Page 191
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