V250 (train)

V250
2nd class interior
In service	29 July 2012-17 January 2013
Manufacturer	AnsaldoBreda
Built at	Pistoia
Constructed	2004-2011
Number built	9 delivered out of 19 ordered[1] NS International: 9/16 NMBS/SNCB: 0/3 (open orders cancelled)
Formation	mAk+AD+mAB+B+ B+mB+B+mBk
Fleet numbers	4801-4816, 4881-4883
Capacity	546[2] 127 first, 419 second class[3]
Operator(s)	High Speed Alliance
Depot(s)	Amsterdam Watergraafsmeer
Line(s) served	HSL-Zuid, HSL 4, SNCB line 25
Specifications
Train length	200,900 mm (659 ft 1 in)[2]
Car length	driving cars 26,950 mm (88 ft 5 in)[1] intermediate cars 24,500 mm (80 ft 4 5⁄8 in)[1]
Width	2,870 mm (9 ft 5 in)[2]
Height	4,080 mm (13 ft 4 5⁄8 in)[2]
Floor height	1,260 mm (4 ft 1 5⁄8 in)[2]
Doors	24
Articulated sections	8
Maximum speed	250 km/h (160 mph)[2]
Weight	423 t (416 long tons; 466 short tons)[3] full loaded service weight 485 t (477 long tons; 535 short tons)[2]
Power output	5,500 kW (7,400 hp)[2]
Acceleration	0.58 m/s2 (2.1 km/(h·s); 1.9 ft/s2) max[2]
Deceleration	1.2 m/s2 (4.3 km/(h·s); 3.9 ft/s2) max[2]
Electric system(s)	25 kV AC, 3 kV DC, 1.5 kV DC[2]Catenary
Safety system(s)	TVM , BAcc/SCM ETCS Level 2[2]
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The V250 was a high-speed train, designed by Pininfarina and built by AnsaldoBreda to operate on the Fyra-service, a high speed train of NS International and NMBS/SNCB between Amsterdam and Brussels with a branch to Breda on the newly built HSL-Zuid in the Netherlands and its extension HSL 4 in Belgium.

V250 trainsets were delivered with a significant delay. Full commercial services with V250 started on 9 December 2012 and stopped only 39 days later on 17 January 2013, after the Belgian Railway Inspection Agency had suspended the operating license. This happened because of safety and structural problems with the construction and maintenance of V250. All trainsets were removed from service and sent back to AnsaldoBreda in Italy.

Background and history

NS International and NMBS/SNCB ordered 19 trainsets in 2004^[3] for operations between Amsterdam and Brussels and Breda on the HSL-Zuid and HSL 4 high speed railway lines.^[1] Initially delivery was foreseen for 2007.^[4] In 2008 expectations were for deliveries by 2009 and an introduction into service by the middle of 2009.^[5]

Front of a V250 in Italy.

The first trainsets had been manufactured by March 2009, and initial tests on the Velim test circuit in the Czech Republic took place in early 2009,^[3] In April 2009 the first unit arrived in Arnhem in the Netherlands, and was towed to Amsterdam for tests.^[6]

The NS International had claimed that the delay of introduction of any trains was due to the lack of a formal ETCS level 2 specification; by March HSA was close to financial ruin due to lack of any income, and a re-organisation of track access charges for the unused HSL-Zuid line had to be arranged with the Dutch government.^[7]

The service, branded Fyra, was introduced along with the formal presentation of the prototype V250 train at the high speed train depot at Watergraafsmeer in the Netherlands on 7 July 2009.^[1] The unfurnished prototype underwent testing on both high speed lines, with the ordered trains' expected in-service date of Autumn 2010;^[1][8] introduction of any service on the HSL-Zuid had been delayed due to problems with the introduction of the ETCS signalling system; the line had been built without any legacy safety system.^[5] Services on the line began in September 2009 with conventional locomotive haulage, but the introduction of level 2 ETCS on the whole line was not in place, and expected by June 2010.^[8]

In 2010, the Dutch transport minister Camiel Eurlings stated that any introduction of a commercial V250 service on Dutch high speed lines would not take place until December 2011.^[9] Driver training on high-speed lines in the Netherlands began in March 2012,^[10] with commercial use of the V250 planned for September 2012.^[11]

A limited service of one return train per 3 hours in the Netherlands began in September 2012 between Amsterdam and Rotterdam.^[12][13]

The trains were provisionally certified for use in Belgium in September 2012.^[13][14]

Regular Fyra service between Amsterdam and Brussels with V250 trains began on 9 December 2012.

Following their introduction, the V250 trains experienced numerous technical problems. All V250s were suspended from commercial service on 16 January 2013, after only one month of service, due to reliability and safety concerns in snowy weather.^[15] Two days later the certification for the V250 in Belgium was revoked after a floor plate that had fallen off a V250 was found along the tracks.^[16]

The continuous problems with the V250 trains caused a public outcry in both Belgium and the Netherlands, including accusations in the Belgian and Dutch media that only financial considerations were behind the decision to grant the contract to AnsaldoBreda. Initially, the maximum speed requirements were fixed at 220 km/h, which would have reduced the purchase cost per seat drastically. However, after comparing offers by Alstom (manufacturers of the French TGV) and Siemens (who manufacture the German ICE trains) with that of AnsaldoBreda, it transpired that the Italian producer was able to offer a cheaper train with a higher speed of 250 km/h, which ultimately gave the Italian company the edge.^[17]

On 31 May 2013, the Belgian railway company NMBS/SNCB decided to stop the Fyra project, due to the many technical issues, and safety concerns. No trains had been delivered and the company refused delivery of the trains it had ordered, on grounds that the manufacturer was unable to resolve any of the numerous issues in the contractually foreseen 3 months.^[18]

The Italian tow truck used for transporting V250 train at Amsterdam.

On 3 June 2013, the Dutch national railway company NS announced that it had made a similar evaluation, and expressed its desire to stop with the V250 project.^[19][20] The Dutch department of finance agreed, and recommended that NS do "everything in its power" to get a refund from AnsaldoBreda.^[21] At a press conference on 6 June 2013, the manufacturer claimed that the trains had been handled poorly by running the trains too fast (i.e. at maximum commercial speed of 250 km/h) under snow conditions. AnsaldoBreda has also threatened to sue the railways for the damage to its reputation.^[22][23]

On 17 March 2014, NS announced a settlement with AnsaldoBreda had been reached. The 9 NS trains would be returned to AnsaldoBreda for a refund of €125 million, €88m less than originally paid. NS would receive an additional compensation for each resold unit to a maximum of €21m,^[24] although no units have been sold by the NS.

Similarly, in May 2014 NMBS/SNCB, AnsaldoBreda and its controlling company Finmeccanica announced that they reached a settlement that confirms the cancellation of the train orders and included a payment of €2.5m to NMBS/SNCB.^[25]

It is anticpated the FS Italy will take on the returned sets after adaption to Italian conditions and rebuild. ^[26]

Design

The 8-car trainsets are designed to operate on 3kV DC, 1.5kV DC and 25kV 50 Hz AC overhead power supply, allowing operations on both Dutch and Belgian electrified networks. Traction is distributed with alternating powered and trailer vehicles in MTMTTMTM formation.^{[n 1]} Electric traction power is controlled by water-cooled IGBT inverters powering asynchronous motors. They are fitted with ETCS Level 2 and local train safety systems.^[2]

The carbodies are constructed of aluminium, except the driving cab which is of steel.^[2] Three of the coaches are used for first class accommodation, giving 127 first class seats out of a total seated capacity of 546.^[3] First class seating is in [2+1] formation, second in [2+2] formation.^[2] The design company Pininfarina also contributed to the design.^[27]

Interior

• 
  First class
• 
  First class
• 
  Second class
• 
  Second class
• 
  Toilet

Notes

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to V250.

Images

• "Picture Gallery - Directory: /pix/nl/electric/emu/V250". railfaneurope.net. 
• "Europa>NS - Olanda>HST". trenomania.org (in Italian). 

Video

• Busfotodotnl (28 April 2009). V250 Albatros naar Nederland. youtube.  Videos of V250 being dragged to the Netherlands for testing