United States Senate elections, 1814 and 1815
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12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 19 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1814 and 1815 were elections that had the Democratic-Republican Party lose a seat but still retain an overwhelming majority in the United States Senate. Unlike in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with a change of regaining their long-lost majority had they swept almost all the seats. However, only one seat switched parties. Two seats held by Democratic-Republicans were left unfilled until long after the next Congress began.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
Composition after June 1814 election in New Hampshire.
| DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||
| DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 |
| Majority → | DR19 | ||||||||
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| F9 | F10 | DR25 | DR25 | DR24 | DR23 | DR22 | DR21 | DR20 | |
| F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||
Beginning of the next Congress
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Race summaries
Bold states link to specific election articles.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1814 or before March 4, 1815; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Pennsylvania (Class 3) |
Michael Leib | Democratic- Republican |
1808 1809 (Special) |
Incumbent resigned to become Postmaster of Philadelphia. New senator elected February 24, 1814.[1] Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify. |
√ Jonathan Roberts (Democratic-Republican) 70.69% Thomas Sergeant (Democratic-Republican) 19.83% Horace Binney (Federalist) 6.90%[1] |
| New Hampshire (Class 2) |
Nicholas Gilman | Democratic- Republican |
1804 1810 |
Incumbent died May 4, 1814. New senator elected June 24, 1814. Federalist gain. |
√ Thomas W. Thompson (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Ohio (Class 1) |
Thomas Worthington | Democratic- Republican |
1803 (Class 3) 1807 Retired 1810 (Special) |
Incumbent resigned to become Governor of Ohio. New senator elected December 10, 1814 to finish the term ending March 4, 1815. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Joseph Kerr (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Kentucky (Class 2) |
George M. Bibb | Democratic- Republican |
1811 | Incumbent resigned to return to private practice. Interim Senator was appointed August 30, 1814. New senator elected December 16, 1814 to finish the term ending March 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify. |
√ William T. Barry (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| North Carolina (Class 3) |
David Stone | Democratic- Republican |
1800 1807 Resigned 1812 |
Incumbent resigned. New senator elected December 24, 1814 after 11 ballots.[2] Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify. |
√ Francis Locke, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 19.92% Thomas Davis (Unknown) 18.01% James W. Clarke (Democratic-Republican) 17.63% Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican) 16.48% John Stanly (Federalist) 16.09% James Mebane (Democratic-Republican) 5.94% Israel Pickens (Democratic-Republican) 3.83%[2] |
| Virginia (Class 1) |
Richard Brent | Democratic- Republican |
1808 | Incumbent died December 30, 1814. New senator elected January 2, 1815, having already won election to the next term. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Barbour (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Kentucky (Class 3) |
Jesse Bledsoe | Democratic- Republican |
1813 | Incumbent resigned. New senator elected February 2, 1815 to finish term ending March 4, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Isham Talbot (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Races leading to the next Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1815; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | Samuel Dana | Federalist | 1810 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1814. | √ Samuel Dana (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Delaware | Outerbridge Horsey | Federalist | 1810 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1814. | √ Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Maryland | Samuel Smith | Democratic- Republican |
1802 1808 |
Legislature failed to elect. A winner would not be elected until 1816.[3] Democratic-Republican loss. |
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Massachusetts | Christopher Gore | Federalist | 1813 (Appointed) | Appointee elected to full term in 1815. | √ Christopher Gore (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| New Jersey | John Lambert | Democratic- Republican |
1808 or 1809 | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] New senator elected February 1, 1815.[4] Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Wilson (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| New York | Obadiah German | Democratic- Republican |
1809 | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] New senator elected February 7, 1815.[5] Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Nathan Sanford (Democratic-Republican) 68.5% James Emott (Federalist) 30.8% Philetus Swift (Democratic-Republican) 0.8%[5] |
| Ohio | Joseph Kerr | Democratic- Republican |
1814 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1815. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Benjamin Ruggles (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Pennsylvania | Jonathan Roberts | Democratic- Republican |
1814 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected December 13, 1814.[6] | √ Jonathan Roberts (Democratic-Republican) 71.79% Samuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 27.35% Jared Ingersoll (Federalist) 0.85%[6] |
| Rhode Island | William Hunter | Federalist | 1811 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1814. | √ William Hunter (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Tennessee | Joseph Anderson | Democratic- Republican |
1797 (Special) 1799 (Resigned) 1799 (Special) 1803 1809 |
Incumbent retired. Unknown reason seat was unfilled until after the term began. Democratic-Republican loss. |
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Vermont | Jonathan Robinson | Democratic- Republican |
1807 (Special) 1809 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected October 25, 1814 Federalist gain. |
√ Isaac Tichenor (Federalist), 111 Jonathan Robinson (Democratic-Republican), 83 John Strong (Democratic-Republican), 7 Scattering, 1.[7] In addition to winning a majority in the legislature, Tichenor also unanimously received the 12 votes of the Governor and Council.[8] |
| Virginia | Richard Brent | Democratic- Republican |
1808 | Unknown if incumbent sought re-election, but after the election he died. New senator elected in 1814 or 1815. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Barbour (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Special elections during the next Congress
In this special election, the winner was elected in 1815 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
Vacant | For unknown reasons, a Senator was not elected until after the term began.[Data unknown/missing. You can help!] New senator elected October 10, 1815 to finish the term ending March 4, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ George W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | ||
| Tennessee (Class 2) |
Jesse Wharton | Democratic- Republican |
1814 (Appointed) | George W. Campbell (DR) had resigned February 11, 1814 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Interim Senator was appointed March 17, 1814, but did not run to finish the term. New senator elected October 10, 1815 to finish the term ending March 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Williams (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| North Carolina (Class 3) |
Francis Locke, Jr. | Democratic- Republican |
1800 1812 |
Incumbent resigned, having failed to qualify. New senator elected December 5, 1815 after 5 ballots.[9] Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 35.82% John Branch, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 20.92% Thomas Love (Democratic-Republican) 16.31% James Mebane (Democratic-Republican) 9.57% Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican) (7.80%)[9] |
See also
Notes
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
References
- 1 2 "PA US Senate - Special Election". Our Campaigns. October 19, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
- 1 2 "NC US Senate - Special Election". Our Campaigns. January 6, 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
- ↑ "MD US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 29, 2004. Retrieved February 27, 2015.
- ↑ "NJ US Senate". Our Campaigns. April 1, 2007. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
- 1 2 "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- 1 2 "PA US Senate". Our Campaigns. February 16, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
- ↑ "Tuesday, October 25th: Senator". Vermont Watchman. Montpelier, VT. October 27, 1814. p. 3. (Subscription required (help)).
- ↑ "Tuesday, October 25th: Senator".
- 1 2 "NC US Senate - Special Election". Our Campaigns. January 6, 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
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