United States Senate elections, 1882 and 1883

Dates vary by state
(And other dates for special elections)

26 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
39 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Republican	Democratic
Seats before	37	37
Seats won	11	13
Seats after	37	36
Seat change		1
Seats up	11	14

	Third party	Fourth party

Party	Readjuster	Independent
Seats before	1	1
Seats won	1	0
Seats after	2	0
Seat change	1	1
Seats up	0	1

Majority Party before election

Republican^[1]

Elected Majority Party

Republican^[1]

The United States Senate elections of 1882 and 1883 saw the Republicans retain a narrow majority — 39 (and later 40) out of 76 — with the Readjusters in their caucus.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.

Parties		Democratic	Independent	Readjuster	Republican	Total
Parties						Total
Before these elections		37	1	1	37	76
Not up		23	0	1	26	50
	Class 1 (1880/81 → 1886/87)	9	0	1	15	25
	Class 3 (1878/79 → 1884/85)	14	0	0	11	25
Up		15	1	0	13	29
	General: Class 2	14	1	0	11	26
	Special: Class 1	0	0	0	0	0
	Special: Class 2	1	0	0	2	3
	Special: Class 3	0	0	0	0	0

General election
Incumbent retired		3	1	0	3	7
	Held by same party	2	0	—	2	4
	Replaced by other party	1 Independent replaced by 1 Republican 1 Republican replaced by 1 Democrat 1 Democrat replaced by 1 Republican				3
	Result	3	0	0	4	7
Incumbent ran		11	0	0	8	19
	Won re-election	10	0	0	4	14
	Lost re-election and gained by other party	1 Democrat replaced by 1 Readjuster				1
	Lost re-election without an elected successor	1 Republican lost and legislature failed to elect				1
	Lost renomination but held by same party	0	0	0	3	3
	Result	10	0	1	7	18

Total elected		13	0	1	11	25
Net change		1	1	1		3

Result		36	0	2	37	75

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the November 15, 1882 special election in Georgia.

D₂₉ Ran	D₃₀ Ran	D₃₁ Ran	D₃₂ Ran	D₃₃ Ran	D₃₄ Ran	D₃₅ Retired	D₃₆ Retired	D₃₇ Retired	I₁ Retired
D₈	D₇	D₆	D₅	D₄	D₃	D₂	D₁
D₉	D₁₀	D₁₁	D₁₂	D₁₃	D₁₄	D₁₅	D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈
D₂₈ Ran	D₂₇ Ran	D₂₆ Ran	D₂₅ Ran	D₂₄ Ran	D₂₃	D₂₂	D₂₁	D₂₀	D₁₉
Plurality, with Readjuster in caucus and VP tie-breaking vote ↓									RA₁
R₂₉ Ran	R₃₀ Ran	R₃₁ Ran	R₃₂ Ran	R₃₃ Ran	R₃₄ Ran	R₃₅ Retired	R₃₆ Retired	R₃₇ Retired
R₂₈ Ran	R₂₇ Ran	R₂₆	R₂₅	R₂₄	R₂₃	R₂₂	R₂₁	R₂₀	R₁₉
R₉	R₁₀	R₁₁	R₁₂	R₁₃	R₁₄	R₁₅	R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈
R₈	R₇	R₆	R₅	R₄	R₃	R₂	R₁

After the elections

D₂₉ Re-elected	D₃₀ Re-elected	D₃₁ Re-elected	D₃₂ Re-elected	D₃₃ Re-elected	D₃₄ Hold	D₃₅ Hold	D₃₆ Gain	V₁ R Loss	RA₂ Gain
D₈	D₇	D₆	D₅	D₄	D₃	D₂	D₁
D₉	D₁₀	D₁₁	D₁₂	D₁₃	D₁₄	D₁₅	D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈
D₂₈ Re-elected	D₂₇ Re-elected	D₂₆ Re-elected	D₂₅ Re-elected	D₂₄ Re-elected	D₂₃	D₂₂	D₂₁	D₂₀	D₁₉
Majority, with Readjusters in caucus ↓									RA₁
R₂₉ Re-elected	R₃₀ Re-elected	R₃₁ Hold	R₃₂ Hold	R₃₃ Hold	R₃₄ Hold	R₃₅ Hold	R₃₆ Gain	R₃₇ Gain
R₂₈ Re-elected	R₂₇ Re-elected	R₂₆	R₂₅	R₂₄	R₂₃	R₂₂	R₂₁	R₂₀	R₁₉
R₉	R₁₀	R₁₁	R₁₂	R₁₃	R₁₄	R₁₅	R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈
R₈	R₇	R₆	R₅	R₄	R₃	R₂	R₁

Key:

D_#	Democratic
I_#	Independent
RA_#	Readjuster
R_#	Republican
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 47th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1882 or in 1883 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Iowa (Class 2)	James W. McDill	Republican	1881 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 25, 1882. Winner did not run for re-election, see below.	√ James W. McDill (Republican) M. M. Ham Daniel Campbell^[2]
Georgia (Class 2)	Benjamin H. Hill	Democratic	1877	Incumbent died August 16, 1882. Winner elected November 15, 1882. Democratic hold. Winner did not run for re-election, see below.	√ Middleton P. Barrow (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Colorado (Class 2)	George M. Chilcott	Republican	1882 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. Winner elected January 27, 1883. Republican hold. Winner did not run for re-election, see below.	√ Horace Tabor (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 48th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1883; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	John Tyler Morgan	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected in 1882.	√ John Tyler Morgan (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Arkansas	Augustus Garland	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected in 1883	√ Augustus Garland (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Colorado	Horace Tabor	Republican	1883 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner's election date unknown. Republican hold.	√ Thomas M. Bowen (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware	Eli M. Saulsbury	Democratic	1870 1876	Incumbent re-elected in 1883.	√ Eli M. Saulsbury (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	Middleton P. Barrow	Democratic	1882 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1883. Democratic hold.	√ Alfred H. Colquitt (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois	David Davis	Independent	1876 or 1877	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1882. Republican gain.	√ Shelby Moore Cullom (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Iowa	James W. McDill	Republican	1881 (Appointed) 1882 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected January 25, 1882. Republican hold.	√ James F. Wilson (Republican) L. G. Kinne D. P. Subbs^[2]
Kansas	Preston B. Plumb	Republican	1877	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1883.^[3]	√ Preston B. Plumb (Republican) 127 votes John Martin (Democratic) 20 votes J.G. Bayne 12 votes John A. Anderson 3 votes George W. Glick (Democratic) 1 vote^[3]
Kentucky	James B. Beck	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected in 1882.	√ James B. Beck (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana	Joseph R. West	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1882. Democratic gain.	√ Randall L. Gibson (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine	William P. Frye	Republican	1881 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1883.	√ William P. Frye (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	George Frisbie Hoar	Republican	1877	Incumbent re-elected in 1883.	√ George Frisbie Hoar (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Michigan	Thomas W. Ferry	Republican	1871 1877	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1882 or 1883. Republican hold.	√ Thomas W. Palmer (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Minnesota	William Windom	Republican	1870 (Appointed) 1871 1877 1881 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1883. Republican hold.	√ Dwight M. Sabin (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi	Lucius Q.C. Lamar II	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected in 1883.	√ Lucius Q.C. Lamar II (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Nebraska	Alvin Saunders	Republican	1877	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1883. Republican hold.	√ Charles F. Manderson (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	Edward H. Rollins	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss.	None.
New Jersey	John R. McPherson	Democratic	1877	Incumbent re-elected in 1883.	√ John R. McPherson (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina	Matt W. Ransom	Democratic	1872 (Special) 1876	Incumbent re-elected in 1883.	√ Matt W. Ransom (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Oregon	La Fayette Grover	Democratic	1882 or 1883	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1882. Republican gain.	√ Joseph N. Dolph (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	Henry B. Anthony	Republican	1858 1864 1870 1876	Incumbent re-elected in 1882.	√ Henry B. Anthony (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina	Matthew Butler	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected in 1882.	√ Matthew Butler (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	Isham G. Harris	Democratic	1877	Incumbent re-elected in 1883.	√ Isham G. Harris (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Texas	Richard Coke	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected in 1882.	√ Richard Coke (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	John W. Johnston	Democratic	1871 1877	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected early December 21, 1881.^[4] Readjuster gain. Winner caucused with the Republicans.^[4]	√ Harrison H. Riddleberger (Readjuster) John W. Johnston (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
West Virginia	Henry G. Davis	Democratic	1871 1877	Incumbent retired. Winner's election date unknown. Democratic hold.	√ John E. Kenna (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Elections during the 48th Congress

In this election, the winner was elected in 1883 after March 4.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
New Hampshire	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. Winner elected August 2, 1883.^[5] Republican gain.	√ Austin F. Pike (Republican) 181 Harry Bingham 112 Gilman Marston (Republican) 19 Edward H. Rollins (Republican) 1 William S. Ladd (Republican) 1 Aaron F. Stevens (Republican) 1

Complete list of races

Iowa

On January 25, 1882, the Iowa General Assembly elected James W. McDill (Republican) to finish the term over M. M. Ham and Daniel Campbell.^[2] James F. Wilson (Republican) was elected to the full six-year term on January 25, 1882 over L. G. Kinne and D. P. Subbs.^[2]

References

1 2 The Readjusters caucused with the Republicans.
1 2 3 4 Clark, p. 199
1 2 Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912). Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. ... Kansas: Standard Publishing Company. p. 757.
1 2 Jones Salmon, Emily. "Harrison H. Riddleberger (1843–1890)". Encyclopedia Virginia/Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
↑ "A Long Dead-Lock Broken: Austin F. Pike Elected Senator from New-Hampshire". New York Times. August 3, 1883. p. 1. Retrieved July 26, 2016.

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
Clark, Dan Elbert (1912). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa City, Iowa.

United States Senate elections

Special elections
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Results by state
List of elections in the United States
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