United States Senate elections, 1918

November 5, 1918^[1]

32 of the 96 seats in the U.S. Senate
(as well as special elections)
49 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	Henry Cabot Lodge (Unofficial)	Oscar Underwood
Party	Republican	Democratic
Leader's seat	Massachusetts	Alabama
Seats before	44	52
Seats won	18	14
Seats after	48	48
Seat change	4	4
Seats up	14	18

Results including special elections
Democratic gains Republican gains
Democratic holds Republican holds

Majority leader before election

Thomas S. Martin
(as Conference Chairman)
Democratic

Elected Majority leader

Henry Cabot Lodge
(Unofficial)
Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1918^[1] were held November 5, 1918 coinciding with the midpoint of Woodrow Wilson's second term as President of the United States. The Republican Party gained control with a slim 2-seat majority after picking up a net six seats. The change in control was particularly important, as it meant that the Republicans were in a position to deny entry of the United States into the League of Nations, the centerpiece of Wilson's post-war foreign policy. It was the first election in which all Class 2 senators were subject to direct election following the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment, making them the final class under the old system.

Gains and losses

Republicans gained seven seats:

Lawrence C. Phipps (CO)
L. Heisler Ball (DE)
Joseph M. McCormick (IL)
Arthur Capper (KS)
Selden P. Spencer (MO)
Henry W. Keyes (NH)
Irvine Lenroot (WI) — won in a special election

Democrats gained one seat:

David I. Walsh (MA)

Senate Party Division, 66th Congress (1919–1921)

Majority Party: Republican (49 seats)

Minority Party: Democratic (47 seats)

Other Parties: 0

Total Seats: 96

Source: United States Senate Official Website

Note: These numbers represent composition as result of 1918 Senatorial Elections. Actual composition often changes during term, due to deaths, resignations or party shifting.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Before the November 5, 1918 general election.

D₃₉ Ran	D₄₀ Ran	D₄₁ Ran	D₄₂ Ran	D₄₃ Ran	D₄₄ Ran	D₄₅ Ran	D₄₆ Ran	D₄₇ Ran	D₄₈ Ran
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ Ran	D₃₇ Ran	D₃₆ Ran	D₃₅ Ran	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
Majority →									D₄₉ Ran
R₃₉ Ran	R₄₀ Ran	R₄₁ Ran	R₄₂ Retired	R₄₃ Retired	R₄₄ Retired	D₅₂ Retired	D₅₁ Retired	D₅₀ Ran
R₃₈ Ran	R₃₇ Ran	R₃₆ Ran	R₃₅ Ran	R₃₄ Ran	R₃₃ Ran	R₃₂ Ran	R₃₁ Ran	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

After the general elections

D₃₉ Re-elected	D₄₀ Re-elected	D₄₁ Re-elected	D₄₂ Re-elected	D₄₃ Re-elected	D₄₄ Hold	D₄₅ Hold	D₄₆ Hold	D₄₇ Hold	D₄₈ Gain
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ Re-elected	D₃₇ Re-elected	D₃₆ Re-elected	D₃₅ Re-elected	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
Majority with VP vote ↑
R₃₉ Hold	R₄₀ Hold	R₄₁ Hold	R₄₂ Retired	R₄₃ Retired	R₄₄ Retired	R₄₅ Gain	R₄₆ Gain	R₄₇ Gain	R₄₈ Gain
R₃₈ Re-elected	R₃₇ Re-elected	R₃₆ Re-elected	R₃₅ Re-elected	R₃₄ Re-elected	R₃₃ Re-elected	R₃₂ Re-elected	R₃₁ Re-elected	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

After the special elections

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉	D₄₀	D₄₁	D₄₂	D₄₃	D₄₄ Appointee elected	D₄₅ Appointee elected	D₄₆ Hold	D₄₇ Hold	R₄₉ Gain
Majority →
R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃	R₄₄	R₄₅	R₄₆ Hold	R₄₇ Hold	R₄₈ Appointee elected
R₃₈	R₃₇	R₃₆	R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Key:

D_#	Democratic
R_#	Republican

Complete list of races

Special elections during the 65th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1918 or before March 4, 1919; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin (Class 3)	Paul O. Husting	Democratic	1914	Incumbent died October 21, 1917. New senator elected April 2, 1918. Republican gain.	√ Irvine Lenroot (Republican) Joseph E. Davies (Democratic)
Idaho (Class 3)	John F. Nugent	Democratic	1918 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected November 5, 1918.	√ John F. Nugent (Democratic), 50.5% Frank R. Gooding (Republican), 49.5%^[2]
Louisiana (Class 3)	Walter Guion	Democratic	1918 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 5, 1918. Democratic hold.	√ Edward James Gay Jr. (Democratic) Unopposed^[3]
Missouri (Class 3)	Xenophon P. Wilfley	Democratic	1918 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost nomination. New senator elected November 5, 1918. Republican gain.	√ Selden P. Spencer (Republican), 52.39% Joseph W. Folk (Democratic), 46.29% Caleb Lipscomb (Socialist), 1.16% William Wesley Cox (Socialist Labor), 0.16%^[4]
Nevada (Class 3)	Charles Henderson	Democratic	1918 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected November 5, 1918.	√ Charles Henderson (Democratic), 47.71% Edwin E. Roberts (Republican), 31.5% Anne Martin (Independent), 18.01% Martin Scanlan (Socialist), 2.78%^[5]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Irving W. Drew	Republican	1918 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 5, 1918. Republican hold.	√ George H. Moses (Republican), 50.76% John B. Jameson (Democratic), 49.24%^[6]
New Jersey (Class 2)	David Baird	Republican	1918 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected November 5, 1918.	√ David Baird (Republican), 49.17% Charles O. Hennessy (Democratic), 44.64% James M. Reilly (Socialist), 3.82% Grafton Day (Prohibition), 2.38%^[7]
Oregon (Class 2)	Charles L. McNary	Republican	1917 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 5, 1918. Republican hold. Winner subsequently resigned so winner of the general election could be appointed early.	√ Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican), 84.53% Martha Bean (Socialist), 15.47%^[8]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Christie Benet	Democratic	1918 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected November 5, 1918. Democratic hold.	√ William P. Pollock (Democratic) Unopposed

Elections leading to the 66th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1919; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	John H. Bankhead	Democratic	1907 (Appointed) 1907 (Special) 1911 (Early)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed^[9]
Arkansas	Joseph Robinson	Democratic	1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Joseph Robinson (Democratic) Unopposed^[10]
Colorado	John F. Shafroth	Democratic	1913	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	√ Lawrence C. Phipps (Republican), 49.49% John F. Shafroth (Democratic), 47.94% P. A. Richardson (Prohibition), 2.58%^[11]
Delaware	Willard Saulsbury, Jr.	Democratic	1913	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	√ L. Heisler Ball (Republican), 51.17% Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (Democratic), 47.83% William H. Connor (Socialist), 1%^[12]
Georgia	Thomas W. Hardwick	Democratic	1914 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	√ William J. Harris (Democratic), 88.34% G. H. Williams (Republican), 11.66%^[13]
Idaho	William Borah	Republican	1907 1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ William Borah (Republican), 67.21% Frank L. Moore (Democratic), 32.79%^[14]
Illinois	J. Hamilton Lewis	Democratic	1913 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	√ Joseph M. McCormick (Republican), 50.5% J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic), 44.92% William B. Lloyd (Socialist), 3.91% John M. Francis (Socialist Labor), 0.34%^[15]
Iowa	William S. Kenyon	Republican	1911 (Special) 1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ William S. Kenyon (Republican), 65.4% Charles Rollin Keyes (Democratic), 34.6%^[16]
Kansas	William Thompson	Democratic	1913	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	√ Arthur Capper (Republican), 63.69% William Thompson (Democratic), 33.73% Eva Harding (Socialist), 2.58%^[17]
Kentucky	George B. Martin	Democratic	1918 (Appointed)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	√ Augustus O. Stanley (Democratic), 50.77% Ben Bruner (Republican), 49.23%^[18]
Louisiana	Joseph E. Ransdell	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Joseph E. Ransdell (Democratic) Unopposed^[19]
Maine	Bert M. Fernald	Republican	1916 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected September 9, 1918.	√ Bert M. Fernald (Republican), 55.4% Earl Newbert (Democratic), 44.6%^[20]
Massachusetts	John W. Weeks	Republican	1913	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	√ David I. Walsh (Democratic), 49.67% John W. Weeks (Republican), 45.07% Thomas W. Lawson (Independent), 5.26%^[21]
Michigan	William Alden Smith	Republican	1911 1913	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	√ Truman Handy Newberry (Republican), 50.19% Henry Ford (Democratic), 48.47% E. O. Foss (Socialist), 1.09% William Faull (Prohibition), 0.26%^[22]
Minnesota	Knute Nelson	Republican	1895 1901 1907 1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Knute Nelson (Republican), 60.05% Willis Calderwood (Nationalist), 39.95%^[23]
Mississippi	James K. Vardaman	Democratic	1912	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected.^[24] Democratic hold.	√ Pat Harrison (Democratic), 95.04% Summer W. Rose (Socialist), 4.96% Democratic hold^[25]
Montana	Thomas J. Walsh	Democratic	1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic), 41.07% Oscar Lanstrum (Republican), 35.79% Jeannette Rankin (Nationalist), 23.14%^[26]
Nebraska	George W. Norris	Republican	1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ George W. Norris (Republican), 54.52% John H. Morehead (Democratic), 45.49%^[27]
New Hampshire	Henry F. Hollis	Democratic	1913	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain.	√ Henry W. Keyes (Republican), 53.54% Eugene Elliott Reed (Democratic), 46.46%^[28]
New Jersey	David Baird	Republican	1918 (Appointed) 1918 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	√ Walter Evans Edge (Republican), 50.34% George M. La Monte (Democratic), 43.23% James M. Reilly (Socialist), 4.14% Grafton Day (Prohibition), 1.62% William J. Wallace (Single Tax), 0.66%^[29]
New Mexico	Albert B. Fall	Republican	1912 (New state) 1912 (Long term) Invalidated. 1913 (Long term)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Albert B. Fall (Republican), 51.4% William B. Walton (Democratic), 47.48% W. P. Metcalf (Socialist), 1.12%^[30]
North Carolina	Furnifold Simmons	Democratic	1901 1907 1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Furnifold Simmons (Democratic), 60.5% John M. Morehead (Republican), 39.5%^[31]
Oklahoma	Robert L. Owen	Democratic	1907 1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Robert Latham Owen (Democratic), 55.44% W. B. Johnson (Republican), 40.73% C. M. Greenland (Socialist), 3.83%^[32]
Oregon	Charles L. McNary	Republican	1917 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected to the next term but not to finish the term. Winner subsequently appointed to begin next term early when winner of the special election, see above, resigned.	√ Charles L. McNary (Republican), 54.17% Oswald West (Democratic), 42.3% Albert Slaughter (Socialist), 3.53%^[33]
Rhode Island	LeBaron B. Colt	Republican	1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ LeBaron B. Colt (Republican), 51.76% George F. O'Shaunessy (Democratic), 46.24% Frederick W. Hunt (Socialist), 2%^[34]
South Carolina	Christie Benet	Democratic	1918 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	√ Nathaniel B. Dial (Democratic) Unopposed
South Dakota	Thomas Sterling	Republican	1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Thomas Sterling (Republican), 55.07% W. T. Rinehart (Democratic), 38.95% Orville Rafferty (Independent), 5.98%^[35]
Tennessee	John K. Shields	Democratic	1913	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John K. Shields (Democratic), 62.17% Henry Clay Evans (Republican), 37.83%^[36]
Texas	Morris Sheppard	Democratic	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Morris Sheppard (Democratic), 86.69% J. Webster Flanagan (Republican), 12.41% M. A. Smith (Socialist), 0.9%^[37]
Virginia	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (Early) 1899 (Early) 1906 1912	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) Unopposed^[38]
West Virginia	Nathan Goff, Jr.	Republican	1913	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	√ Davis Elkins (Republican), 53.53% Clarence Wayland Watson (Democratic), 45.4% D. M. S. Holt (Socialist), 1.06%^[39]
Wyoming	Francis E. Warren	Republican	1890 1893 (Lost) 1895 1901 1907 1913	Incumbent re-elected in 1918.	√ Francis E. Warren (Republican), 57.77% John Eugene Osborne (Democratic), 42.23%^[40]

Elections during the 66th Congress

There were no elections in 1919.

References

United States Senate elections

Special elections
Election disputes
Results by state
List of elections in the United States
House elections
Presidential elections
Gubernatorial elections

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