United States Senate elections, 1898 and 1899

United States Senate elections, 1898 and 1899

Dates vary by state
30 of the 90 seats in the U.S. Senate (as well as special elections) 46 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Party Republican Democratic Seats before 44 34 Seats won 17 6 Seats after 50 25 Seat change 6 9 Seats up 11 15   Third party Fourth party Fifth party   Party Populist Silver Republican Silver Seats before 5 5 2 Seats won 0 1 0 Seats after 4 3 2 Seat change 1 2 Seats up 1 3 0
Majority Party before election Republican Elected Majority Party Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1898 and 1899 were landslide elections which had the Republican Party gain six seats in the United States Senate.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 56th Congress (1899–1901)

• Majority Party: Republican (52)
• Minority Party: Democratic (25)
• Other Parties: Populist (4); Silver Republican (2); Silver (2)
• Vacant: 5
• Total Seats: 90

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the October 7, 1898 special election in Oregon.

Result of the general elections

Beginning of the next Congress

Race summaries

Elections during the 55th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1898 or in 1899 before March 4; ordered by election date.

Races leading to the 56th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1899; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

Elections during the 56th Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1899 after March 4, and seated in the 56th Congress.

In this election, the winner was seated in the 57th Congress, starting March 4, 1901.

Complete list of races

New York

The election in New York was held January 17, 1899.

Democrat Edward Murphy Jr. had been elected to this seat in 1893, and his term would expire on March 3, 1899. At the State election in November 1898, 27 Republicans and 23 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1899-1900) in the State Senate; and 88 Republicans and 62 Democrats were elected for the session of 1899 to the Assembly. The 122nd New York State Legislature met from January 4 to April 28, 1899, at Albany, New York.

The Republican caucus met on January 12. State Senator Hobart Krum presided. They nominated Chauncey M. Depew unanimously. Depew had been Secretary of State of New York from 1864 to 1865, and was the frontrunning candidate to succeed Thomas C. Platt at the U.S. Senate special election in 1881 when he withdrew after the 41st ballot. Parallel to his political career, he moved up the ladder in the Vanderbilt Railroad System, being President of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad from 1885 to 1898, and holding positions in dozens of other railroad companies.

The Democratic caucus met also on January 12. State Senator George W. Plunkitt presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Edward Murphy, Jr. unanimously.

Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.

Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.

Utah

In mid-August 1898, Alfred W. McCune decided to seek office as a Democrat for the United States Senate.^[23] State legislators had already indicated they would not support the incumbent, Frank J. Cannon for reelection. Cannon, a Republican, had voted against the Dingley Act, which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry.^[24] The Dingley bill was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy, who now opposed his reelection.^[24] Other factors were his support for Free Silver; rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington, D.C.; and that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats.^[24] The McCunes were close friends with Heber J. Grant, seventh LDS Church president and an ordained LDS apostle.^[25] Although the LDS church had (just weeks before) made a decision to stay out of state politics, McCune asked Grant for the church's assistance in winning office.^[23] Grant consulted with Joseph F. Smith (Apostle and sixth LDS president) and John Henry Smith (a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First Presidency of the LDS Church), both of whom supported McCune's senatorial bid.^[23] But McCune was not alone in seeking the office. Former Representative William H. King was also running (and backed by two Apostles), as was James Moyle (a prominent attorney and founder of the Utah Democratic Party who was backed by state legislators) and George Q. Cannon (an Apostle and member of the First Presidency).^[23]

At the time, members of the Senate were still elected by their respective state legislatures.^[23] The Utah state legislature convened in January 1899.^[26] There were 13 Republicans and 50 Democrats in the state legislature.^[27] From the beginning, McCune was considered the leading candidate.^[26] But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election. One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast, and no winner emerged.^[26] McCune was one or two votes shy of winning on several ballots.^[26] on February 18, before the 122nd ballot, state representative Albert A. Law (a Republican from Cache County and a Cannon supporter) claimed McCune offered him $1,500 for his vote.^[28] McCune strenuously denied the charge, and a seven-member legislative established to investigate the allegation.^[26][28] The committee voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge, and this outcome was announced to the legislature on March 6.^[26][28] Balloting resumed, and on March 8, on the 149th ballot, McCune still lacked enough votes to win office (he had only 25 votes).^[26][28] The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator,^[29] and McCune traveled in Europe for several weeks to regain his health (returning in June 1899).^[30]

Utah's U.S. Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901.

See also

Mark Hanna campaign button in Ohio

• United States elections, 1898
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1898
• 55th United States Congress
• 56th United States Congress

Notes

References

• Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
• Proceedings before the Committee on Privileges and Elections of the United States Senate in the Matter of the Protests Against the Right on Hon. Reed Smoot, a Senator from the State of Utah, to Hold his Seat. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1906. 
• Alexander, Thomas G. (1996). Mormonism in Transition. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. 
• Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy, ed. "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992". United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 
• Maisel, Louis S. (2001). Jews in American Politics. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 
• Powell, Allan Kent (1995). Utah History Encyclopedia. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. 
• "United States Senators". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1899. New York: The Tribune Association. 1899. pp. 255–256 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library. 
• "United States Senators". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1900. New York: The Tribune Association. 1900. pp. 240–247 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library. 
• Wadley, Carma (April 19, 2001). "A Unique 100-Year-Old Heirloom". Deseret News. 
• Whitney, Orson F. (October 1904). History of Utah. IV Biographical. George Q. Cannon & Sons., Co. 
• Whitney, Orson F. (1916). Popular History of Utah. The Deseret News. 
• "MR. DEPEW FOR SENATOR". The New York Times. January 13, 1899. 
• "Senator Murphy Renominated". The New York Times. January 13, 1899. 
• "ELECTION OF MR. DEPEW". The New York Times. January 18, 1899.