United States Senate elections, 1828 and 1829
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16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In the United States Senate elections of 1828 and 1829, the Jacksonian coalition, despite its leader's victory in the presidential election, lost a seat in the Senate to the opposing Anti-Jacksonian coalition.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Results summary
Senate Party Division, 21st Congress (1829–1831)
- Majority Party: Jacksonian (26–25)
- Minority Party: Anti-Jackson (22)
- Total Seats: 48
Change in Senate composition
"Adams" and "Anti-Jacksonian" are interchangeable in these charts.
Senate composition before the elections
After the August 26, 1828 resignation of a Jacksonian senator.
| A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | ||||||
| A14 | A13 | A12 | A11 | A10 | A9 | A8 | A7 | A6 | A5 |
| A15 | A16 | A17 Ran |
A18 Ran |
A19 Ran |
A20 Unknown |
A21 Retired |
V1 J Resigned |
J26 Ran |
J25 Retired |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority → | J24 Ran | ||||||||
| J15 | J16 | J17 Ran |
J18 Ran |
J19 Ran |
J20 Unknown |
J21 Retired |
J22 Ran |
J23 Unknown | |
| J14 | J13 | J12 | J11 | J10 | J9 | J8 | J7 | J6 | J5 |
| J1 | J2 | J3 | J4 | ||||||
Senate composition as a result of the elections
| AJ1 | AJ2 | AJ3 | AJ4 | ||||||
| AJ14 | AJ13 | AJ12 | AJ11 | AJ10 | AJ9 | AJ8 | AJ7 | AJ6 | AJ5 |
| AJ15 | AJ16 | AJ17 Re-elected |
AJ18 Re-elected |
AJ19 Re-elected |
AJ20 Gain |
AJ21 Gain |
AJ22 Gain |
J26 Gain |
J25 Gain |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority → | J24 Hold | ||||||||
| J15 | J16 | J17 Re-elected |
J18 Re-elected |
J19 Re-elected |
J20 Re-elected |
J21 Re-elected |
J22 Hold |
J23 Hold | |
| J14 | J13 | J12 | J11 | J10 | J9 | J8 | J7 | J6 | J5 |
| J1 | J2 | J3 | J4 | ||||||
| Key: |
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Race summaries
Bold states link to specific election articles.
Special elections during the 20th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1828 or before March 4, 1829; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Georgia (Class 2) |
Thomas W. Cobb | Jacksonian | 1824 (Special) | Incumbent resigned before November 7, 1828. New senator elected November 7, 1828. Jacksonian hold. |
√ Oliver H. Prince (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Ohio (Class 3) |
William Henry Harrison | Adams | 1824 | Incumbent resigned May 20, 1828 to become U.S. Minister Plenipotentiary to Gran Columbia. New senator elected December 10, 1828. Adams hold. |
√ Jacob Burnet (Adams) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| North Carolina (Class 3) |
Nathaniel Macon | Jacksonian | 1815 (Special) 1819 1825 |
Incumbent resigned November 14, 1828. New senator elected December 15, 1828. Jacksonian hold. |
√ James Iredell, Jr. (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Maine (Class 1) |
Albion K. Parris | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent resigned August 26, 1828 when appointed to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. New senator elected January 15, 1829. Adams gain. |
√ John Holmes (Adams) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| New York (Class 1) |
Martin Van Buren | Jacksonian | 1821 1827 |
Incumbent resigned December 20, 1828 to become Governor of New York. New senator elected January 15, 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
√ Charles E. Dudley (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
Ephraim Bateman | Adams | 1826 (Special) 1826 |
Incumbent resigned January 12, 1829 due to failing health. New senator elected January 30, 1829. Jacksonian gain. |
√ Mahlon Dickerson (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Races leading to the 21st Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1829; ordered by state.
Note: Senators who called themselves "Adams," "Adams Men," or "National Republicans" returned to being called "Anti-Jacksonian." In this table, this change of name is not considered a change in party.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | William R. King | Jacksonian | 1819 1822 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1828. | √ William R. King (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Delaware | Henry M. Ridgely | Jacksonian | 1827 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
√ John M. Clayton (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Georgia | Oliver H. Prince | Jacksonian | 1828 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1828 or 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
√ George Troup (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Illinois | Jesse B. Thomas | Adams | 1818 1823 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1828 or 1829. Jacksonian gain. |
√ John McLean (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Kentucky | Richard M. Johnson | Jacksonian | 1819 (Special) 1823 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
√ George M. Bibb (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Louisiana | Charles D.J. Bouligny | Adams | 1824 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1829.[1] Jacksonian gain. |
√ Edward Livingston (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Maine | John Chandler | Jacksonian | 1820 1823 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1828 or 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
√ Peleg Sprague (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Massachusetts | Nathaniel Silsbee | Adams | 1826 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1829. | √ Nathaniel Silsbee (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Mississippi | Thomas Hill Williams | Jacksonian | 1817. 1823 |
Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1828. Jacksonian hold. |
√ Thomas Buck Reed (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| New Hampshire | Samuel Bell | Adams | 1823 | Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1828 or 1829. | √ Samuel Bell (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| New Jersey | Vacant | Incumbent Mahlon Dickerson (J) had resigned January 30, 1829 to be elected to the class 1 seat. New senator elected in 1828. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
√ Theodore Frelinghuysen (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | ||
| North Carolina | John Branch | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. | √ John Branch (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Rhode Island | Nehemiah R. Knight | Adams | 1821 (Special) 1823 |
Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1829. | √ Nehemiah R. Knight (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| South Carolina | Robert Y. Hayne | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected in 1828. | √ Robert Y. Hayne (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Tennessee | Hugh Lawson White | Jacksonian | 1825 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. | √ Hugh Lawson White (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Virginia | Littleton Tazewell | Jacksonian | 1824 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. | √ Littleton Tazewell (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Special elections during the 21st Congress
In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1829 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
John Eaton | Jacksonian | 1818 (Appointed) 1819 (Special) 1821 (Failure to elect) 1821 (Special) 1826 |
Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of War. New senator elected October 19, 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
√ Felix Grundy (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| Georgia (Class 3) |
John M. Berrien | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Attorney General. New senator elected November 9, 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
√ John Forsyth (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
| North Carolina (Class 2) |
John Branch | Jacksonian | 1822 1828 |
Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New senator elected December 9, 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
√ Bedford Brown (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
See also
References
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- ↑ "The Hon. Edward Livingston, at present a member of Congress from the State of Louisiana, was on the 12th ult. appointed by the Legislature of that State, a Senator in Congress, vice Mr. Bouligny, whose term of service expires on the 3d of March next.". Raleigh Register. Raleigh, NC. February 6, 1829. p. 3. (Subscription required (help)).
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