United States Senate elections, 1906 and 1907

January 9, 1906 –
February 5, 1907

30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate
(as well as special elections)
46 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	William B. Allison	Charles Culberson
Party	Republican	Democratic
Leader's seat	Iowa	Texas
Seats before	57	33
Seats won	18	10
Seats after	60	28
Seat change	3	5
Seats up	15	15

Majority Party before election

Republican

Elected Majority Party

Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1906 and 1907 were elections which had the Republican Party gain three seats in the United States Senate, expanding their majority to more twice that of the opposing Democratic Party.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 60th Congress (1907–1909)

Majority Party: Republican (60)
Minority Party: Democratic (29)
Other Parties: (0)
Total Seats: 90

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1906.

R₅₆ Retired	R₅₇ Retired	D₃₃ Retired	D₃₂ Retired	D₃₁ Retired	D₃₀ Ran	D₂₉ Ran	D₂₈ Ran	D₂₇ Ran	D₂₆ Ran
					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉ Ran	D₂₀ Ran	D₂₁ Ran	D₂₂ Ran	D₂₃ Ran	D₂₄ Ran	D₂₅ Ran
R₅₅ Retired	R₅₄ Retired	R₅₃ Ran	R₅₂ Ran	R₅₁ Ran	R₅₀ Ran	R₄₉ Ran	R₄₈ Ran	R₄₇ Ran	R₄₆ Ran
Majority →
R₃₆	R₃₇	R₃₈	R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃ Ran	R₄₄ Ran	R₄₅ Ran
R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Result of the general elections

R₅₆ Hold	R₅₇ Gain	R₅₈ Gain	R₅₉ Gain	R₆₀ Gain	V₁ R Loss	V₂ D Loss	D₂₈ Hold	D₂₇ Hold	D₂₆ Hold
					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉ Re-elected	D₂₀ Re-elected	D₂₁ Re-elected	D₂₂ Re-elected	D₂₃ Re-elected	D₂₄ Re-elected	D₂₅ Re-elected
R₅₅ Hold	R₅₄ Hold	R₅₃ Hold	R₅₂ Hold	R₅₁ Re-elected	R₅₀ Re-elected	R₄₉ Re-elected	R₄₈ Re-elected	R₄₇ Re-elected	R₄₆ Re-elected
Majority due to vacancies→									R₄₅ Re-elected
R₃₆	R₃₇	R₃₈	R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃ Re-elected	R₄₄ Re-elected
R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Beginning of the next Congress

					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅
R₅₆	R₅₇	R₅₈	R₅₉	R₆₀	V₁	D₂₉ Gain	D₂₈	D₂₇	D₂₆
R₅₅	R₅₄	R₅₃	R₅₂	R₅₁	R₅₀	R₄₉	R₄₈	R₄₇	R₄₆
Majority due to vacancy→									R₄₅
R₃₆	R₃₇	R₃₈	R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃	R₄₄
R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Key:

D_#	Democratic
R_#	Republican
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 59th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1906 or in 1907 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Delaware (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had previously failed to elect. New senator elected June 12, 1906.^[1]	√ Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 36 votes J. Edward Addicks (Republican) 2 votes^[1]
Kansas (Class 2)	Alfred W. Benson	Republican	1906 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 22, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.	√ Charles Curtis (Republican) 120 votes Alfred W. Benson (Republican) 19 votes W. A. Harris (Democratic) 11 votes W. R. Stubbs (Republican) 1 vote^[2]
Oregon (Class 2)	John M. Gearin	Democratic	1905 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired January 22, 1907 when successor elected. New senator elected January 22, 1907.^[3]^[4]^[5] Republican gain. Winner was not elected to the next term, see below.	√ Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) Unopposed^[5]
Michigan (Class 2)	Russell A. Alger	Republican	1902 (Appointed) 1903 (Special)	Incumbent died January 24, 1907. New senator elected February 5, 1907.^[5] Republican hold. Winner had already been elected to the next term, see below.	√ William A. Smith (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1909 in the 61st Congress.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama (Class 3)	Edmund Pettus	Democratic	1903	Incumbent re-elected early January 22, 1907 for the term beginning March 4, 1909.^[2] Winner died July 27, 1907 and new senator elected early August 6, 1907.^[2]	July 27, 1907: √ Edmund Pettus (Democratic) Unopposed^[2] August 6, 1907: √ Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]

Elections leading to the 60th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1907; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	John Morgan	Democratic	1876 1882 1888 1894 1900	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[3]^[2] Winner died June 11, 1907 and new senator appointed June 17, 1907 Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.^[2]	January 22, 1907: √ John Morgan (Democratic) Unopposed^[2] July 16, 1907: √ John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
Arkansas	James Berry	Democratic	1885 (Special) 1889 1895 1901	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected January 29, 1907.^[2] Democratic hold.	√ Jeff Davis (Democratic) J. L. Worthington (Republican) 5 votes^[2]
Colorado	Thomas Patterson	Democratic	1901	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican gain.	√ Simon Guggenheim (Republican) 68 votes Charles Thomas (Democratic) 27 votes Frank C. Goudy (Republican) 4 votes^[2]
Delaware	J. Frank Allee	Republican	1903 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican hold.	√ Harry Richardson (Republican) 36 votes Willard Saulsbury (Democratic) 15 votes^[2]
Georgia	Augustus Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900	Incumbent ran, but legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was appointed to start the term and was later elected to finish the term, see below.	Augustus Bacon (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Idaho	Fred Dubois	Democratic	1890 1897 (Lost) 1901	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 15, 1907. Republican gain.	√ William Borah (Republican) 50 votes Fred Dubois (Democratic) 18 votes^[4]
Illinois	Shelby Cullom	Republican	1882 1888 1894 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[3]	√ Shelby Cullom (Republican)132 votes C.C. Boggs (Democratic) 68 votes Daniel R. Sheen (Progressive) 3 votes^[2]
Iowa	Jonathan Dolliver	Republican	1900 (Appointed) 1901 (Appointed) 1902 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1907.	√ Jonathan Dolliver (Republican) 110 votes Claude Porter (Democratic) 45 votes^[6]
Kansas	Alfred Benson	Republican	1906 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 22, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term, see above.	√ Charles Curtis (Republican) 122 votes William Harris (Democratic) 32 votes Joseph Bristow (Republican) 1 vote^[2]^[3]
Kentucky	Joseph Blackburn	Democratic	1884 1890 1897 (Lost) 1900	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 9, 1906.^[1]^[7] Democratic hold.	√ Thomas Paynter (Democratic) 101 votes William Cox (Republican) 30 votes C. F. Burnan (Republican) 1 vote^[1]^[7]
Louisiana	Murphy Foster	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.^[8]	√ Murphy Foster (Democratic) 148 votes Unopposed^[8]
Maine	William Frye	Republican	1881 (Special) 1883 1889 1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.^[2]	√ William Frye (Republican) 109 votes William Pennell (Democratic) 66 votes^[2]
Massachusetts	Winthrop Crane	Republican	1904 (Appointed) 1905 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.	√ Winthrop Crane (Republican) 207 votes James Carroll (Democratic) 48 votes George Williams (Democratic) 3 votes Joseph H. O'Neill (Democratic) 1 vote John Sullivan (Democratic) 1 vote^[9]
Michigan	Russell Alger	Republican	1902 (Appointed) 1903 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1907.^[5] Republican hold. Winner was subsequently elected to finish the current term, see above.	√ William Smith (Republican) 123 votes Charles Townsend (Republican) 2 votes T. E. Barkworth (Democratic) 2 votes^[5]
Minnesota	Knute Nelson	Republican	1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[3]	√ Knute Nelson (Republican) 143 votes Albert Schaller (Democratic) 27 votes W. J. Dean (Progressive) 3 votes John Johnson (Democratic) 1 vote Frank Day (Democratic) 1 vote^[5]
Mississippi	Anselm McLaurin	Democratic	1894 (Special) 1900	Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904.^[10]	√ Anselm McLaurin (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Montana	William Clark	Democratic	1899 1900 (Resigned) 1901	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907.^[5] Republican gain.	√ Joseph M. Dixon (Republican) 70 votes J. K. Toole (Democratic) 17 votes H. L. Frank (Democratic) 6 votes W. C. Conrad 2 votes Norris (Democratic) 1 vote^[5]
Nebraska	Joseph Millard	Republican	1901 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1907.^[5] Republican hold.	√ Norris Brown (Republican) 95 votes William Thompson (Democratic) 36 votes^[5]
New Hampshire	Henry E. Burnham	Republican	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.^[5]^[11]	√ Henry E. Burnham (Republican) 254 votes Nathan C. Jameson (Democratic) 123 votes George B. Leighton 1 vote^[5]
New Jersey	John F. Dryden	Republican	1902 (Special)	Incumbent withdrew from renomination. New senator elected February 5, 1907.^[5] Republican hold.	√ Frank O. Briggs (Republican) 41 votes James E. Martine (Democratic) 35 votes John W. Griggs (Republican) 1 vote Mahlon R. Pitney (Republican) 1 vote^[5]
North Carolina	Furnifold Simmons	Democratic	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[3]^[5]	√ Furnifold Simmons (Democratic) 116 votes Spencer B. Adams (Republican) 3 votes J. J. Britt (Republican) 2 votes^[5]
Oregon	John M. Gearin	Democratic	1905 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 2, 1907.^[3]^[4]^[5] Republican gain.	√ Jonathan Bourne, Jr. (Republican) 80 votes Robert S. Bean (Democratic) 4 votes F. A. Moore (Democratic) 2 votes F. W. Mulkey (Republican) 1 vote^[5]
Rhode Island	George Wetmore	Republican	1894 1900	Legislature failed to elect.^[3]^[12] Republican loss.	George Wetmore (Republican) Samuel Colt (Republican) R. Goddard (Democratic & Ind. Republican)
South Carolina	Benjamin Tillman	Democratic	1894 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[3]^[13]	√ Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed
South Dakota	Robert J. Gamble	Republican	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[13]	√ Robert J. Gamble (Republican) 100 votes Andrew E. Lee (Democratic) 17 votes Thomas Sterling (Independent) 15 votes^[13]
Tennessee	Edward Carmack	Democratic	1901	Incumbent lost renomination.^[13] New senator elected January 15, 1907. Democratic hold.	√ Robert Taylor (Democratic) 108 votes Nathan W. Hale (Republican) 26 votes Asbury Wright (Republican) 1 vote^[13]
Texas	Joseph Bailey	Democratic	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[14]	√ Joseph Bailey (Democratic) 108 votes W.L. Cabell (Democratic) 2 votes A.W. Terrell (Democratic) 1 vote Horace Chilton (Democratic) 1 vote T.M. Campbell 3 votes John W. Logan (Democratic) 2 votes J.E. Yantis (Democratic) 2 votes Cecil A. Lyon (Republican) 2 votes Other Democrats 25 votes^[13]^[14]
Virginia	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (Early) 1899 (Early)	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1906.^[15]	√ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) 116 votes Campbell Slemp (Republican) 17 votes^[1]^[15]
West Virginia	Stephen B. Elkins	Republican	1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[3]^[13]	√ Stephen B. Elkins (Republican) 101 votes John J. Cornwell (Demcoratic) 30 votes^[13]
Wyoming	Francis E. Warren	Republican	1890 1893 (Lost) 1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[3]^[13]	√ Francis E. Warren (Republican) 64 votes Colin Hunter (Democratic) 6 votes^[13]

Elections during the 60th Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1907 after March 4; sorted by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin (Class 3)	John C. Spooner	Republican	1897 1903	Incumbent resigned April 30, 1907. New senator elected May 17, 1907. Republican hold.	√ Isaac Stephenson (Republican) 87 votes G. W. Bird (Democratic) J. P. Rummel (Social Democratic)^[13]
Georgia (Class 2)	Augustus Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900 1907 (Appointee)	Interim appointee elected July 9, 1907.	√ Augustus Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
Alabama (Class 2)	John H. Bankhead	Democratic	1907 (Appointed)	John Tyler Morgan (D), having just been re-elected, see above, died June 11, 1907. Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.	√ John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
Alabama (Class 3)	Edmund Pettus	Democratic	1903 1907	Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died July 27, 1907. New senator elected August 6, 1907. Democratic hold.	√ Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
Alabama (Class 3)	Edmund Pettus	New senator was also elected early August 6, 1907 to the term beginning March 4, 1909.^[2]	1903 1907	√ Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
Oklahoma (Class 2)	Oklahoma became a state on November 16, 1907.			First senator elected December 10, 1907.^[5] Democratic gain.	√ Robert L. Owen (Democratic) 128 votes Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes C.B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes^[5]
Oklahoma (Class 3)	Oklahoma became a state on November 16, 1907.			First senator elected December 10, 1907.^[5] Democratic gain.	√ Thomas Gore (Democratic) 128 votes Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes C.B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes^[5]

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 Tribune Almanac (1907), p. 258.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 258.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
1 2 3 World Almanac (1908), p. 263.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 259.
↑ Clark, p. 248.
1 2 Schiller, Wendy J.; Stewart III, Charles (2015). Electing the Senate: Indirect Democracy before the Seventeenth Amendment. Princeton University Press. pp. 35–36.
1 2 Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly. 1904. p. 76.
↑ Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 258-259.
↑ "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money". The New York Times. January 20, 1904. p. 5.
↑ Journals of the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the State of New-Hampshire, January Session, 1907. Rumford Printing Co. 1907. p. 90.
↑ Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 259–260.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 260.
1 2 "BAILEY IS RE-ELECTED, BUT UNDER CHARGES". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
1 2 "Senator Martin Re-elected". The New York Times. January 24, 1906. p. 6.

References

Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa City, Iowa.
"Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". via Senate.gov.
The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1908. The Press Publishing Co., New York World. 1907. p. 263.
The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1907. New York: The Tribune Association. 1907. p. 258.
The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1908. New York: The Tribune Association. 1908. pp. 258–260.

United States Senate elections

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