Illinois's 2nd congressional district

Illinois's 2nd congressional district

Illinois' 2nd congressional district - since January 3, 2013.
Current Representative Robin Kelly (DMatteson)
Area 1,081 sq mi (2,800 km2)
Distribution
  • 94.7% urban
  • 3.3% rural
Population (2011 est.) 718,507
Median income 45,572
Ethnicity
Cook PVI D+29[1][2]

Illinois' 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Illinois. Based in the south suburbs of Chicago, the district includes southern Cook county, eastern Will county, and Kankakee county, as well as the city of Chicago's far southeast side.

2011 redistricting

The district covers parts of Cook and Will counties and all of Kankakee, as of the 2011 redistricting which followed the 2010 census. All or parts of Bradley, Bourbonnais, Calumet City, Chicago, Chicago Heights, Country Club Hills, Dolton, Harvey, Hazel Crest, Homewood, Kankakee, Lansing, Markham, Matteson, Park Forest, Richton Park, Riverdale, Sauk Village, Steger and Thornton are included.[3] The representatives for these districts were elected in the 2012 primary and general elections, and the boundaries became effective on January 3, 2013.

Composition

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District is adjacent to the 1st Congressional District to the north and west, the 11th Congressional District to the south, and Indiana's 1st Congressional District to the east. The district's northeast border follows Lake Michigan's shoreline for several miles. The district was created following the 1830 U.S. Census and came into existence in 1833, five months before Chicago was organized as a town. The 2nd Congressional District initially included Southeastern Illinois until 1853[4][5] and stretches of Northern Illinois until 1873.[6][7] It has been based in Chicago since 1853, and part of the southeast side since 1903. Redistricting following the 2000 U.S. Census placed a majority of the district's population outside Chicago for the first time in 100 years, and moved the district's borders beyond Cook County for the first time since 1873.

As in the neighboring 1st District, a majority of this district's residents (62.4%) are African American. The district has been reliably Democratic since the 1960s; it has been in Democratic hands for all but two terms since 1935, and last elected a Republican to Congress in 1950. Democratic congressional candidates regularly receive over 80% of the vote here. It has been held by black congressmen since 1981.

Demographics

The southeast side of Chicago was for many decades the home of numerous Eastern European and Irish immigrants who sought the industrial work of the steel mills and railroad companies which were then dominant in the area. However, as local industry declined in the 1950s and 1960s, these groups were increasingly displaced by African Americans who were gradually migrating southward from other parts of the city. Whereas barely 20% of district residents were black in the 1960s,[8] this figure increased to 70% by the 1980s,[9] and by the 1990s the racial demographics of the 1st and 2nd Congressional Districts were very similar. At the same time, decreasing population in the district required expanding its borders into the suburbs, and it is now nearly three times the size it was in the 1980s, when it covered only 68 square miles (180 km2).

Following redistricting for the 2000s (decade), 59% of the 2nd Congressional District's population resides in the suburbs, with a total of 98.4% living in Cook County. The district's white population (almost 30% of its residents) now primarily resides in the southern suburbs and a few far southeastern Chicago neighborhoods such as East Side and Hegewisch.[10]

Several suburbs closer to Chicago near Interstate 57 have black populations exceeding 75%: Calumet Park, Country Club Hills, Dolton, Harvey, Hazel Crest, Markham, Matteson, Phoenix, Richton Park, Riverdale, and University Park. In contrast, there are five suburbs further southeast with white populations exceeding 75% Homewood, Lansing, South Chicago Heights, Steger and Thornton although they surround Ford Heights, with a population of only about 2800 the district's most racially one-sided population (96% black). Chicago Heights features the most even racial mix, with a population that is 45% white and 38% black. The district's largest white ethnic groups are German (5.8%), Irish (4.4%), Polish (4.4%) and Italian (3.1%),[11] similar to other districts in southern Cook County.

Hispanics represent 10% of the district's population, with sizable communities in East Side and Chicago Heights. Chicago's South Shore neighborhood was the longtime home to a Jewish community which has since migrated to suburbs such as Homewood and Flossmoor . South Shore is now primarily a middle-class black community and is also home to a notable minority of Black Muslims including the national headquarters of the Nation of Islam, Mosque Maryam.

The district includes some sharp economic disparities. Olympia Fields, Country Club Hills and Matteson are suburbs with black majority populations, but Ford Heights (only four miles east of Olympia Fields) is one of the most impoverished places in the United States, with a median household income of just $17,500 in 2000 less than 42% of the national average. It is home to more single mothers per capita than anyplace else in the country.[12]

Economy

The 2nd Congressional District was, for most of the 20th century, a thriving center of heavy industry centered around Lake Calumet and the Port of Chicago, augmented by the nearby railroad industry which had the Pullman Company as its centerpiece. The steel industry was a major component, with U.S. Steel at one time employing 20,000 district residents, but the Wisconsin Steelworks in South Deering [13] closed in March 1980, and U.S. Steel's South Works plant in South Chicago [14] source of the steel for Chicago skyscrapers including the Sears Tower was closed in April 1992; both have since been dismantled. Virtually the last remnant of the industry in the area is ISG Riverdale (formerly the Acme Steel Co.), which began a shutdown in 2001 before being sold and restructured as a smaller company.[15] The most significant remaining industrial presence in the district is now the Ford Motor Company, which operates the Chicago Assembly plant (where the Ford Taurus is manufactured) on the border between South Deering and Hegewisch, as well as the Chicago Stamping facility in Chicago Heights. Like the 1st District, the area is struggling to overcome economic downturns in recent decades.

Local educational institutions include Governors State University in University Park, Chicago State University in Roseland, Prairie State College in Chicago Heights, South Suburban College in South Holland and Olive-Harvey College, a Chicago city college, in Pullman. The University of Chicago is directly west of the district's northern end. Hospitals in the district include Ingalls Memorial Hospital in Harvey, Advocate South Suburban Hospital in Hazel Crest, St. James Hospitals in Chicago Heights and Olympia Fields, Advocate Trinity Hospital in Calumet Heights, La Rabida Children's Hospital in Woodlawn, South Shore Hospital in South Chicago and Roseland Community Hospital in Roseland.

The Museum of Science and Industry is located almost at the district's northern tip. Various areas of the Cook County Forest Preserves are scattered throughout the suburban part of the district, particularly in the area northeast of Chicago Heights. Other notable business and industrial presences in the district include Jays Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods based in Pullman; the Norfolk Southern Railway; Allied Tube and Conduit, a piping and electrical manufacturer in Harvey ; and UGN Inc., an automotive soundproofing manufacturer in Chicago Heights .

Federal facilities in the district include Coast Guard Station Calumet Harbor in East Side and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Army Reserve Center, home of the 308th Civil Affairs Brigade, in Homewood.

In addition to the Jackson Park Historic Landscape District and the Museum of Science and Industry's U-505, district locations on the National Register of Historic Places include:

Recent election results from statewide races

Year Office Results
2000 President Al Gore 81% - George W. Bush 17%
2004 President John Kerry 84% - George W. Bush 16%
2008 President Barack Obama 90% - John McCain 10%

List of representatives

Representative Party Years Electoral history
District created March 4, 1833
Zadok Casey Jacksonian March 4, 1833 –
March 3, 1837
Lost re-election
Democratic March 4, 1837 –
March 3, 1841
Independent Democrat March 4, 1841 –
March 3, 1843
John A. McClernand Democratic March 4, 1843 –
March 3, 1851
Retired
Willis Allen Democratic March 4, 1851 –
March 3, 1853
Redistricted to the 9th district
John Wentworth Democratic March 4, 1853 –
March 3, 1855
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
James H. Woodworth Republican March 4, 1855 –
March 3, 1857
Retired
John F. Farnsworth Republican March 4, 1857 –
March 3, 1861
Retired
Isaac N. Arnold Republican March 4, 1861 –
March 3, 1863
Redistricted to the 1st district
John F. Farnsworth Republican March 4, 1863 –
March 3, 1873
Lost renomination
Jasper D. Ward Republican March 4, 1873 –
March 3, 1875
Lost re-election
Carter H. Harrison Democratic March 4, 1875 –
March 3, 1879
Retired
George R. Davis Republican March 4, 1879 –
March 3, 1883
Redistricted to the 3rd district
John F. Finerty Independent Democrat March 4, 1883 –
March 3, 1885
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Frank Lawler Democratic March 4, 1885 –
March 3, 1891
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Lawrence E. McGann Democratic March 4, 1891 –
March 3, 1895
Redistricted to the 3rd district
William Lorimer Republican March 4, 1895 –
March 3, 1901
Lost re-election
John J. Feely Democratic March 4, 1901 –
March 3, 1903
Retired
James Robert Mann Republican March 4, 1903 –
November 30, 1922
Redistricted from the 1st district
Died
Vacant November 30, 1922 –
April 3, 1923
Morton D. Hull Republican April 23, 1923 –
March 3, 1933
Retired
P. H. Moynihan Republican March 4, 1933 –
January 3, 1935
Lost re-election
Raymond S. McKeough Democratic January 3, 1935 –
January 3, 1943
Retired
William A. Rowan Democratic January 3, 1943 –
January 3, 1947
Lost re-election
Richard B. Vail Republican January 3, 1947 –
January 3, 1949
Lost re-election
Barratt O'Hara Democratic January 3, 1949 –
January 3, 1951
Lost re-election
Richard B. Vail Republican January 3, 1951 –
January 3, 1953
Lost re-election
Barratt O'Hara Democratic January 3, 1953 –
January 3, 1969
Lost renomination
Abner J. Mikva Democratic January 3, 1969 –
January 3, 1973
Lost re-election when redistricted to the 10th district
Morgan F. Murphy Democratic January 3, 1973 –
January 3, 1981
Redistricted from the 3rd district
Retired
Gus Savage Democratic January 3, 1981 –
January 3, 1993
Lost renomination
Mel Reynolds Democratic January 3, 1993 –
October 1, 1995
Resigned
Vacant October 1, 1995 –
December 12, 1995
Jesse Jackson, Jr. Democratic December 12, 1995 –
November 21, 2012
Resigned
Vacant November 21, 2012 –
April 9, 2013
Robin Kelly Democratic April 9, 2013–
Present
Incumbent

Election results

2002

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2002)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jesse Jackson, Jr.* 151,443 82.30
Republican Doug Nelson 32,567 17.70
Total votes 184,010 100.00
Voter turnout %
Democratic hold

2004

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2004)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jesse Jackson, Jr.* 202,176 88.34
Libertarian Stephanie Sailor 26,693 11.66
Total votes 228,869 100.00
Voter turnout %
Democratic hold

2006

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2006)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jesse Jackson, Jr.* 146,347 84.84
Republican Robert Belin 20,395 11.82
Libertarian Anthony W. Williams 5,748 3.33
Total votes 172,490 100.00
Voter turnout %
Democratic hold

2008

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2008)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jesse Jackson, Jr.* 251,052 89.41
Republican Anthony W. Williams 29,721 10.59
Total votes 280,773 100.00
Voter turnout %
Democratic hold

2010

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2010)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jesse Jackson, Jr.* 150,666 80.52
Republican Isaac Hayes 25,883 13.83
Green Anthony W. Williams 10,564 5.65
Total votes 187,113 100.00
Voter turnout %
Democratic hold

2012

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2012)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jesse Jackson, Jr.* 188,303 63.3
Republican Brian Woodworth 69,115 23.2
Independent Marcus Lewis 40,006 13.5
Total votes 297,424 100.00
Voter turnout %
Democratic hold

2013 (Special)

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Special Election (2013)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Robin Kelly 58,142 70.8
Republican Paul McKinley 18,072 22.0
Independent Elizabeth "Liz" Pahlke 2,477 3.0
Green LeAlan Jones 1,505 1.8
Independent Marcus Lewis 1,345 1.6
Independent Curtiss Llong Bey 539 0.7
Total votes 82,080 100.00
Voter turnout %
Democratic hold

History of district boundaries

The total number of representatives allotted to Illinois during each period follows the years in parentheses; boundaries went into effect beginning with the previous year's elections:

Presidential voting

This table indicates how the 2nd District has voted in U.S. presidential elections; election results reflect voting in the district as it was configured at the time of the election, not as it is configured today. The candidate who received the most votes in the district is listed first; the candidate who won the election nationally is in CAPS, and the candidate who won the state of Illinois is indicated with a †.

Election District winner Runnerup Other candidates
1852[28] PIERCE† (D), 8,021 (49%) Scott (W), 5,882 (36%) Hale (Free Soil), 2,500 (15%)
1856[28] Frémont (R), 21,556 (67%) BUCHANAN† (D), 9,843 (30%) Fillmore (American), 966 (3%)
1860[28] LINCOLN† (R), 30,856 (64%) Douglas (D), 16,993 (35%) Bell (Constitutional Union), 192 (0.4%); Breckinridge (D), 128 (0.3%)
1864[28] LINCOLN† (R), 18,305 (78%) McClellan (D), 5,231 (22%)
1868[28] GRANT† (R), 20,946 (77%) Seymour (D), 6,270 (23%)
1952[29] Stevenson (D), 94,905 (51%) EISENHOWER† (R), 91,522 (49%)
1956[29] Stevenson (D), 81,570 (50%) EISENHOWER† (R), 81,296 (50%)
1968[30] Humphrey (D), 103,924 (59%) NIXON† (R), 52,311 (30%) Wallace (AIP), 18,896 (11%)
1972[31] McGovern (D), 116,534 (66%) NIXON† (R), 60,220 (34%)
1976[32] CARTER (D), 137,384 (83%) Ford† (R), 28,498 (17%)
1980[33] Carter (D), 145,205 (84%) REAGAN† (R), 20,946 (12%) Anderson (Indep.), 3,612 (2%)
1984[34] Mondale (D), 168,174 (84%) REAGAN† (R), 32,693 (16%)
1988[35] Dukakis (D), 150,387 (84%) BUSH† (R), 25,896 (15%)
1992[36] CLINTON† (D), 194,639 (80%) Bush (R), 31,634 (13%) Perot (Indep.), 16,950 (7%)
1996[37] CLINTON† (D), 170,819 (85%) Dole (R), 22,204 (11%) Perot (Reform), 6,395 (3%)
2000[38] Gore† (D), 188,289 (89%) BUSH (R), 21,838 (10%) Nader (Green), 1,626 (1%)
2004[39] Kerry† (D), 230,613 (84%) BUSH (R), 43,822 (16%)
2008[40] OBAMA† (D), 260,869 (90%) McCain (R), 28,676 (10%)
2012[41] OBAMA† (D), (81%) Romney (R), (19%)

Living former Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 2nd congressional district

As of May 2015, there are two former members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 2nd congressional district who are currently living at this time. The most recent representative to die was Abner J. Mikva (1969-1973) on July 4, 2016. The most recently serving representative to die was Gus Savage ( 1981-1993) on October 31, 2015.

Representative Term of office Date of birth (and age)
Mel Reynolds 1993–1995 January 8, 1952
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 1995–2012 March 11, 1965

Historical district boundaries

2003–2013

See also

References

  1. "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
  2. Barone, Michael; McCutcheon, Chuck (2013). The Almanac of American Politics 2014. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 555. ISBN 978-0-226-10544-4. Copyright National Journal.
  3. Illinois Congressional District 2, Illinois Board of Elections
  4. 1 2 Parsons, Stanley B.; William W. Beach; Dan Hermann (1978). United States Congressional Districts 1788-1841. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 302–304. ISBN 0-8371-9828-3.
  5. 1 2 Parsons, Stanley B.; William W. Beach; Michael J. Dubin (1986). United States Congressional Districts and Data, 1843-1883. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 7–8. ISBN 0-313-22045-X.
  6. 1 2 Parsons, et al. (1986), pp. 53-54.
  7. 1 2 Parsons, et al. (1986), pp. 102-103.
  8. 1 2 Congressional District Data Book, Illinois supplement. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1966. pp. 2–4.
  9. Gottron, Martha V. (ed.) (1983). Congressional Districts in the 1980s. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. p. 156. ISBN 0-87187-264-1.
  10. See U.S. Census Bureau map showing distribution of district's white population.
  11. Congressional Districts in the 2000s: A Portrait of America, p. 299.
  12. Barone, Michael; Richard E. Cohen (2005). The Almanac of American Politics 2006. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 565. ISBN 0-89234-111-4.
  13. Parsons, et al. (1986), pp. 159–160.
  14. Parsons, Stanley B.; Michael J. Dubin; Karen Toombs Parsons (1990). United States Congressional Districts, 1883–1913. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 23–27. ISBN 0-313-26482-1.
  15. Parsons, et al. (1990), pp. 182–186.
  16. Parsons, et al. (1990), pp. 187–191.
  17. Parsons, et al. (1990), pp. 326–330.
  18. Barrett, Edward A. (ed.). Blue Book of the State of Illinois, 1947–1948. Springfield, IL: State of Illinois. p. 110.
  19. Barrett, pp. 113-114.
  20. Congressional District Atlas of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1960. pp. 18–20.
  21. Congressional District Data Book: Districts of the 88th Congress. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1963. pp. 125–127.
  22. Congressional District Data Book: 93rd Congress. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1973. pp. 145, 147–148.
  23. Gottron, Martha V. (ed.) (1983). Congressional Districts in the 1980s. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. p. 163. ISBN 0-87187-264-1.
  24. Congressional District Atlas: 103rd Congress of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1993. pp. Illinois–1, 5, 25, 29, 31, 33–35. ISBN 0-16-041689-2.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 Vote totals from 1852 to 1868 are based on cumulative county totals as listed in Illinois: Historical and Statistical (1892), John Moses, Chicago: Fergus Printing Co., pp. 1208-1209.
  26. 1 2 Congressional District Data Book: Districts of the 87th Congress. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1961. p. 17.
  27. Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa; Douglas Matthews (1972). The Almanac of American Politics. Boston: Gambit. p. 198. ISBN 0-87645-053-2.
  28. Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa; Douglas Matthews (1973). The Almanac of American Politics. Boston: Gambit. p. 265. ISBN 0-87645-077-X.
  29. Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa; Douglas Matthews (1977). The Almanac of American Politics 1978. New York City: E. P. Dutton. p. 227. ISBN 0-87690-255-7.
  30. Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa (1981). The Almanac of American Politics 1982. Washington, D.C.: Barone & Co. p. 297. ISBN 0-940702-00-2.
  31. Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa (1985). The Almanac of American Politics 1986. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 395. ISBN 0-89234-032-0.
  32. Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa (1989). The Almanac of American Politics 1990. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 353. ISBN 0-89234-043-6.
  33. Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa (1993). The Almanac of American Politics 1994. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 392. ISBN 0-89234-057-6.
  34. Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa; Richard E. Cohen (1997). The Almanac of American Politics 1998. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 477. ISBN 0-89234-081-9.
  35. Barone, Michael; Richard E. Cohen; Charles E. Cook Jr (2001). The Almanac of American Politics 2002. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 510. ISBN 0-89234-099-1.
  36. Barone, et al. (2005), p. 564.
  37. Presidential Results by Congressional District, 2000-2008; Illinois
  38. Presidential Results by Congressional District, 2000-2012; Illinois

Coordinates: 41°15′22″N 87°47′24″W / 41.25611°N 87.79000°W / 41.25611; -87.79000

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