United States House of Representatives elections, 1880

November 2, 1880^{[Note 1]}

All 293 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives
147 seats were needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party	Third party

Leader	J. Warren Keifer	Samuel J. Randall	Nicholas Ford
Party	Republican	Democratic	Greenback
Leader's seat	Ohio-4th	Pennsvylvania-3rd	Missouri-9th
Last election	132 seats	148 seats^{[Note 2]}	13 seats
Seats won	151^[1]^{[Note 3]}	131^[1]^{[Note 3]}^{[Note 4]}	10^[1]^{[Note 3]}
Seat change	19	17	3

Speaker before election

Samuel Randall
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Joseph Keifer
Republican Party (United States)

Map of U.S. House elections results from 1880 elections for 47th Congress

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1880 for Representatives to the 47th Congress, coinciding with the election of President James A. Garfield.

Garfield's Republican Party managed to gain an outright majority of seats from the opposition Democratic Party. The Democratic loss of control in the House is historically seen as somewhat surprising, since no major issue played a role in their defeat. The end of Reconstruction and the pro-business nature of the Republicans were both minor factors. The ability of the Republican Party to paint several key Democratic leaders as corrupt also helped to alter the composition of the part just enough so that the Republicans gained a majority. The Greenback Party, which promoted the use of the paper currency and was seen as a pro-farmer party, also lost several seats due to national economic recovery, which aided the Republicans.

Election summaries

↓
151	10	131
Republican	Gb	Democratic

State	Type	Total seats	Republican	Democratic	Greenback
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	8	1	1	6	1	1
Arkansas	District	4	0		4		0
California	District	4	2	1	2	1	0
Colorado	At-large	1	1		0		0
Connecticut	District	4	3		1		0
Delaware	At-large	1	0		1		0
Florida	District	2	1		1		0
Georgia	District	9	0		9^{[Note 5]}		0
Illinois	District	19	13	1	6		0	1
Indiana	District	13	8	2	5	1	0
Iowa	District	9	8	1	1	1	0	2
Kansas	District	3	3		0		0
Kentucky	District	10	1	1	9	1	0
Louisiana	District	6	1	1	5	1	0
Maine^{[Note 6]}	District	5	3		0		2
Maryland	District	6	1		5		0
Massachusetts	District	11	10		1		0
Michigan	District	9	9		0		0
Minnesota	District	3	3	1	0	1	0
Mississippi	District	6	1	1	5	1	0
Missouri	District	13	2	2	7	5	4	3
Nebraska	At-large	1	1		0		0
Nevada	At-large	1	0	1	1	1	0
New Hampshire	District	3	3		0		0
New Jersey	District	7	4		3		0
New York	District	33^{[Note 7]}	20	4	12	3	0
North Carolina	District	8	1		7	1	0	1
Ohio^{[Note 6]}	District	20	15	6	5	6	0
Oregon^{[Note 6]}	At-large	1	1	1	0	1	0
Pennsylvania	District	27	18	1	7	1	2
Rhode Island	District	2	2		0		0
South Carolina	District	5	1	1	4	1	0
Tennessee	District	10	3	2	7	2	0
Texas^{[Note 6]}	District	6	0		5		1
Vermont^{[Note 6]}	District	3	3	1	0		0	1
Virginia	District	9	2	1	7^{[Note 8]}	1	0
West Virginia	District	3	0		3		0
Wisconsin	District	8	6	1	2	1	0
Total		293^{[Note 7]}	151^[1] 51.5%	16	131^[1]^{[Note 4]} 44.7%	13	10^[1] 3.4%	4

House seats

Republican			51.54%
Democratic			44.71%
Greenback			3.41%

[[Image:47 us house membership.png|thumb|left|450px|

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80.1-100% Democratic	80.1-100% Republican
60.1-80% Democratic	60.1-80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

]]

[[Image:47 us house changes.png|thumb|left|450px|

Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain		6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain	3-5 Greenback gain	3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain	1-2 Greenback gain	1-2 Republican gain
no net change

]]

Early election dates

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.^[2] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well.

In 1880, no states held their elections after Election Day for the first time (California was the last state to hold late elections, in 1878). But 5 states, with 35 seats among them, held their elections before the rest of the states:

June 1 Texas
June 7 Oregon
September 7 Vermont
September 13 Maine
October 12 Ohio

All races

California

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
California 1	Horace Davis	Republican	1876	Lost re-election Democratic Gain	William Rosecrans (D) 51% Horace Davis (R) 47.3% Stephen Maybell (GB) 1.7%
California 2	Horace F. Page	Republican	1872	Re-elected	Horace F. Page (R) 53.6% John R. Glascock (D) 45.7% Benjamin Todd (GB) 0.7%
California 3	Campbell P. Berry	Democratic	1879	Re-elected	Campbell P. Berry (D) 51.1% George A. Knight (R) 48.2% A. Musselman (GB) 0.6%
California 4	Romualdo Pacheco	Republican	1876	Re-elected	Romualdo Pacheco (R) 45.8% Wallace Leach (D) 45.3% J. F. Godfrey (GB) 8.9%

Florida

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Florida 1	Robert H. M. Davidson	Democratic	1876	Re-elected	Robert H. M. Davidson (D) 57.2% George W. Witherspoon (R) 42.3% Livingston W. Bethel (I) 0.5%
Florida 2	Noble A. Hull	Democratic	1878	Retired Democratic hold	Jesse J. Finley (D) 52.3% Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) 47.7%

In the 2nd district, Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) successfully challenged the election of Jesse J. Finley (D) and was seated June 1, 1882.

South Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	John S. Richardson	Democratic	1878	Re-elected	John S. Richardson (D) 63.3% Samuel J. Lee (R) 36.7%
South Carolina 2	Michael P. O'Connor	Democratic	1878	Re-elected	Michael P. O'Connor (D) 58.8% Edmund W. M. Mackey (R) 41.2%
South Carolina 3	D. Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1876	Re-elected	D. Wyatt Aiken (D) 74.1% C. J. Stollbrand (R) 25.9%
South Carolina 4	John H. Evins	Democratic	1876	Re-elected	John H. Evins (D) 69.7% A. Blythe (R) 29.3% J. Hendrix McLane (GB) 1.0%
South Carolina 5	George D. Tillman	Democratic	1878	Re-elected	George D. Tillman (D) 60.4% Robert Smalls (R) 39.6%

Notes

↑ Five states held early elections between June 1 and October 12.
↑ Included 7 Independent Democrats.
1 2 3 Dubin (p. 255) counts 147 Republicans, 135 Democrats, 2 Readjusters, 1 Independent Democrat, and 8 Greenbacks at the start of the 47th United States Congress.
1 2 Includes 2 Readjuster Democrats elected in Virginia (VA-07 and VA-09), and 1 Independent Democrat elected to GA-09.
↑ Includes 1 Independent Democrat elected to GA-09.
1 2 3 4 5 Elections held early
1 2 1 Independent, J. Hyatt Smith elected to NY-03.
↑ Includes 2 Readjuster Democrats, elected to VA-07 and VA-09.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Martis, pp. 134-135.
↑ Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721.

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

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