United States House of Representatives elections, 1828

July 9, 1828 - October 5, 1829

All 213 seats to the United States House of Representatives
107 seats were needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party	Third party

Leader	Andrew Stevenson	John W. Taylor	Phineas L. Tracy
Party	Jacksonian	Anti-Jacksonian	Anti-Masonic
Leader's seat	Virginia-9th	New York-17th	New York-29th
Last election	113 seats	100 seats	0 seats
Seats won	136^[1]^{[Note 1]}	72^[1]^{[Note 1]}	5
Seat change	23	28	5

Speaker before election

Andrew Stevenson
Jacksonian

Elected Speaker

Andrew Stevenson
Jacksonian

In the United States House of Representatives elections in 1828, the Jacksonians soundly took control of the presidency, with Andrew Jackson's victory, and greatly increased their majority in Congress. Outgoing President John Quincy Adams's unpopularity played a major role in the Jacksonian pick-up, as did the perception of the Anti-Jacksonian Party as urban and elitist. Major increases in suffrage also heightened Jacksonian wins, as newly enfranchised voters tended to associate with Jacksonian principles. The Anti-Masonic Party, a single issue faction based on distrust of Freemasonry, became the first third party in American history to garner seats in the House.

Election summaries

↓
136	5	72
Jacksonian	AM	Anti-Jacksonian

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Jacksonian	Anti-Jacksonian	Anti-Masonic
State	Type	Date	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Delaware	At-large	October 7, 1828	1	0		1		0
Georgia	At-large^{[Note 2]}	October 6, 1828	7	7		0		0
Illinois	At-large	August 4, 1828	1	1		0		0
Indiana	District (3)	August 4, 1828	3	1		2		0
Louisiana	District (3)	July 8–10, 1828	3	1		2		0
Maine	District (7)	September 8, 1828	7	4	2	3	2	0
Massachusetts	District (13)	November 7, 1828	13	0		13		0
Mississippi	At-large	August 4–5, 1828	1	1		0		0
Missouri	At-large	August 4, 1828	1	1	1	0	1	0
New Jersey	At-large	November 4, 1828	6	0	1	6	1	0
New York	District (30^{[Note 3]})	November 3–5, 1828	34	20		11	3	3	3
Ohio	District (14)	October 14, 1828	14	8	6	6	6	0
Pennsylvania	District (18^{[Note 4]})	October 14, 1828	26	24	4	1	5	1	1
South Carolina	District (9)	October 13–14, 1828	9	9		0		0
Vermont	District (5)	September 2, 1828	5	0		4	1	1	1
1829 elections
Alabama	District (3)	August 3, 1829	3	3		0		0
Connecticut	At-large	April 29, 1829	6	0		6		0
Kentucky	District (12)	August 3, 1829	12	10	3	2	3	0
Maryland	District (8^{[Note 5]})	October 5, 1829	9	6	3	3	3	0
New Hampshire	At-large	March 10, 1829	6	6	5	0	5	0
North Carolina	District (13)	August 13, 1829	13	10	1	3	1	0
Rhode Island	At-large	August 27, 1829	2	0		2		0
Tennessee	District (9)	August 6–7, 1829	9	8	1	1	1	0
Virginia	District (22)	April, 1829	22	16		6		0
Total			213	136^[1] 63.8%	23	72^[1] 33.8%	28	5 2.3%	5

House seats

Jacksonian			63.85%
Anti-Jacksonian			33.80%
Anti-Masonic			2.35%

Complete returns

Alabama

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Alabama 1 Known as the Northern district	Gabriel Moore	Jacksonian	1821	Retired Jacksonian hold	Clement C. Clay (J) 52.0% Nicholas Davis (AJ) 48.0%
Alabama 2 Known as the Middle district	John McKee	Jacksonian	1823	Retired Jacksonian hold	Robert E. B. Baylor (J) 47.3% Seth Barron 27.5% Henry W. Ellis (J) 25.2%
Alabama 3 Known as the Southern district	George W. Owen	Jacksonian	1823	Retired Jacksonian hold	Dixon H. Lewis (J) 41.4% Samuel W. Oliver 31.3% Francis Armstrong 27.3%

Connecticut

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Connecticut at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	David Plant	Anti-Jacksonian	1827	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian hold	Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll (AJ) 12.5% Noyes Barber (AJ) 11.4% Ebenezer Young (AJ) 9.9% Jabez W. Huntington (AJ) 9.5% William L. Storrs (AJ) 8.5% William W. Ellsworth (AJ) 8.4% David Plant (J^{[Note 6]}) 8.1% John M. Niles (J) 4.8% Andrew T. Judson (J) 4.6% Orange Merwin (J^{[Note 6]}) 4.5% Elisha Phelps (J^{[Note 6]}) 3.8% John P. Trott (J) 3.4% Hinman^{[Note 7]} (J) 3.4% Roger Sherman 2.0% Daniel Burrows 1.9% Others 3.4%
	Elisha Phelps	Anti-Jacksonian	1818 1825	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian hold
	Ralph I. Ingersoll	Anti-Jacksonian	1825	Re-elected
	Orange Merwin	Anti-Jacksonian	1825	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian hold
	Noyes Barber	Anti-Jacksonian	1820	Re-elected
	John Baldwin	Anti-Jacksonian	1825	Retired Anti-Jacksonian hold

Delaware

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Delaware at-large	Kensey Johns, Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	1827 (special)	Re-elected	Kensey Johns, Jr. (AJ) 52.3% James A. Bayard, Jr. (J) 47.7%

Georgia

Georgia returned to electing its Representatives at-large for the 1828 election.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Georgia at-large 7 seats on a general ticket	George R. Gilmer Redistricted from the 1st district	Jacksonian	1820 1827 (special)	Re-elected	George R. Gilmer (J) 11.1% Richard Henry Wilde (J) 11.0% Wiley Thompson (J) 10.2% James M. Wayne (J) 9.4% Charles E. Haynes (J) 8.8% Thomas F. Foster (J) 8.3% Wilson Lumpkin (J) 7.6% John A. Cuthbert (J) 6.7% Thomas U. Charlton (J) 6.2% James Meriwether (J) 5.6% William Triplett (J) 5.5% Charles Williamson (J) 5.1% Daniel H. Braisford (J) 4.5%
	Richard Henry Wilde Redistricted from the 2nd district	Jacksonian	1824 (special 1827 (special)	Re-elected
	Wiley Thompson Redistricted from the 3rd district	Jacksonian	1820	Re-elected
	Wilson Lumpkin Redistricted from the 4th district	Jacksonian	1814 1826	Re-elected
	Charles E. Haynes Redistricted from the 5th district	Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected
	Tomlinson Fort Redistricted from the 6th district	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold
	John Floyd Redistricted from the 7th district	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold

George R. Gilmer (J) did not serve in the 21st Congress and was replaced in a special election by Henry G. Lamar (J)

Illinois

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Illinois at-large	Joseph Duncan	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Joseph Duncan (J) 62.9% George Forquer (AJ) 37.1%

Indiana

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Indiana 1	Thomas H. Blake	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	Ratliff Boon (J) 50.3% Thomas H. Blake (AJ) 49.7%
Indiana 2	Jonathan Jennings	Anti-Jacksonian	1822 (special)	Re-elected	Jonathan Jennings (AJ) 73.3% John H. Thompson (J) 26.7%
Indiana 3	Oliver H. Smith	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Anti-Jacksonian gain	John Test (AJ) 55.8% Jon McCarty (J) 44.2%

Kentucky

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Kentucky 1	Henry Daniel	Jacksonian	1827	Re-elected	Henry Daniel (J) 66.6% Micajah Harrison (AJ) 33.4%
Kentucky 2	John Chambers	Anti-Jacksonian	1828 (special)	Retired Jacksonian gain	Nicholas D. Coleman (J) 45.1% Adam Beatty (AJ) 45.1% George M. Bedinger (AJ) 8.3% James G. Leach (J) 1.6%
Kentucky 3	James Clark	Anti-Jacksonian	1812 1825 (special)	Re-elected	James Clark (AJ) 71.4% Matthew Flournoy 28.6%
Kentucky 4	Robert P. Letcher	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Re-elected	Robert P. Letcher^{[Note 8]} (AJ)
Kentucky 5	Robert L. McHatton	Jacksonian	1826 (special)	Lost re-election Jacksonian hold	Richard M. Johnson (J) 55.2% Robert L. McHatton (J) 44.8%
Kentucky 6	Joseph Lecompte	Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected	Joseph Lecompte (J) 54.6% Thomas P. Wilson 45.4%
Kentucky 7	Thomas P. Moore	Jacksonianian	1822	Retired Jacksonian hold	John Kincaid (J) 56.3% William P. Booker 43.7%
Kentucky 8	Richard A. Buckner	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Retired Jacksonian gain	Nathan Gaither (J) 34.5% Martin Beaty (AJ) 33.0% William Owens (J) 15.1% Tunstall Quarles (J) 14.5% Anderson^{[Note 7]} (J) 2.9%
Kentucky 9	Charles A. Wickliffe	Jacksonian	1822	Re-elected	Charles A. Wickliffe (J) 53.6% Richard Rudd (AJ) 46.4%
Kentucky 10	Joel Yancey	Jacksonian	1827	Re-elected	Joel Yancey (J) 51.4% Francis Johnson (AJ?) 48.6%
Kentucky 11	Thomas Chilton	Jacksonian	1827 (special)	Re-elected	Thomas Chilton (J) 64.7% James Crutcher (AJ) 35.3%
Kentucky 12	Chittenden Lyon	Jacksonian	1827	Re-elected	Chittenden Lyon^{[Note 8]} (J)

Louisiana

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Louisiana 1	Edward Livingston	Jacksonian	1822	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian gain	Edward D. White (AJ) 58.6% Edward Livingston (J) 41.4%
Louisiana 2	Henry H. Gurley	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Re-elected	Henry H. Gurley (AJ) 51.1% Lafayette Saunders (J) 48.9%
Louisiana 3	William L. Brent	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	Walter H. Overton (J) 55.9% William L. Brent (AJ) 44.1%

Maine

Maine law at the time required a majority vote for election, necessitating a second election in the 5th district and a total of 6 elections in the 6th district. Only the results of the first and final elections are shown here.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	First vote	Final vote
Maine 1	Rufus McIntire	Jacksonian	1827 (special)	Re-elected	Rufus McIntire (J) 66.0% Simon Nowall 7.5% Nathaniel Appleton 7.1% Samuel A. Bradley 5.8% Moses Emery 4.9% John Holmes (AJ) 4.3% Others 4.5%
Maine 2	John Anderson	Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected	John Anderson (J) 76.2% Joseph Anderson 20.2% Others 3.6%
Maine 3	Joseph F. Wingate	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Joseph F. Wingate (AJ) 75.2% John Ruggles (J) 11.7% Samuel E. Smith (J) 6.4% Albert Smith (J) 3.5% Others 3.3%
Maine 4	Peleg Sprague	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected	Peleg Sprague (AJ) 94.8% Others 5.2%
Maine 5	James W. Ripley	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Reuel Washburn (AJ) 49.96% James W. Ripley (J) 43.7% Oliver Herrick 3.2% Samuel A. Bradley 2.4% Others 0.8%	James W. Ripley (J) 54.4% Reuel Washburn (AJ) 44.6% Others 1.0%
Maine 6	Jeremiah O'Brien	Anti-Jacksonian	1823	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	Jeremiah O'Brien (J^{[Note 6]}) 48.0% Joshua W. Hathaway (J) 31.4% Joshua Hall 10.1% Samuel Upton 9.0% Others 1.4%	Leonard Jarvis (J) 53.8% John G. Deane 19.1% Samuel Upton 163.7% Philip Morrill 6.3% Charles Lowell 2.1% Others 2.1%
Maine 7	Samuel Butman	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Samuel Butman (AJ) 62.0% William Emerson 29.1% Samuel Whitney 7.4% Others 1.6%

Peleg Sprague (AJ) of the 4th district resigned upon being elected to the Senate and was replaced in a special election by George Evans (AJ)

The election in the 6th district was not resolved until near the end of the 1st session.

Maryland

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Maryland 1	Clement Dorsey	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected	Clement Dorsey (AJ) 88.1% Others 11.9%
Maryland 2	John C. Weems	Jacksonian	1826 (special)	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian gain	Benedict J. Semmes (AJ) 54.5% John C. Weems (J) 45.5%
Maryland 3	George C. Washington	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	George C. Washington (AJ) 100%
Maryland 4	Michael C. Sprigg	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Michael C. Sprigg (J) 56.0% William Price (AJ) 44.0%
Maryland 5 Plural district with 2 seats	John Barney	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	Benjamin C. Howard (J) 30.0% Elias Brown (J) 29.4% Peter Little (AJ) 22.6% John Barney (AJ) 18.0%
Maryland 5 Plural district with 2 seats	Peter Little	Anti-Jacksonian	1810 1816	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain
Maryland 6	Levin Gale	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold	George E. Mitchell (J) 53.5% James W. Williams (AJ) 46.5%
Maryland 7	John Leeds Kerr	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	Richard Spencer (J) 50.3% John Leeds Kerr (AJ) 49.7%
Maryland 8	Ephraim K. Wilson	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Ephraim K. Wilson (AJ) 97.9% Others 2.1%

Massachusetts

The majority requirement for election was met in all 13 districts in 1828.

District^{[Note 9]}	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Massachusetts 1 Known as the Suffolk district	Benjamin Gorham	Anti-Jacksonian	1820 (special) 1827 (special	Re-elected	Benjamin Gorham (AJ) 78.6% William Ingalls (J) 19.9% Henry See 1.5%
Massachusetts 2 Known as the Essex South district	Benjamin W. Crowninshield	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Re-elected	Benjamin W. Crowninshield (AJ) 54.6% Leverett Saltonstall (AJ) 26.0% Ezra Mudge 11.7% Joseph S. Cabot (J) 7.7%
Massachusetts 3 Known as the Essex North district	John Varnum	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected	John Varnum (AJ) 73.1% George Savory (J) 16.7% Samuel Phillips 6.6% John Fitz 3.7%
Massachusetts 4 Known as the Middlesex district	Edward Everett	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected	Edward Everett (AJ) 74.2% S. M. Parker^{[Note 7]} (J) 11.6% S. Fiske^{[Note 7]} 11.5% Others 2.7%
Massachusetts 5 Known as the Worcester South district	John Davis	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected	John Davis (AJ) 90.4% Jonas Sibley 6.8% Sumner Boston 2.8%
Massachusetts 6 Known as the Worcester North district	John Locke	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian hold	Joseph G. Kendall (AJ) 52.7% John Locke (AJ) 44.2% Others 3.1%
Massachusetts 7 Known as the Franklin district	Samuel C. Allen	Anti-Jacksonian	1816	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian hold	George Grennell, Jr. (AJ) 69.7% Elihu Hoyt (AJ) 15.7% Samuel Dickinson (AJ) 9.5% Samuel C. Allen (AJ) 3.6% Others 1.5%
Massachusetts 8 Known as the Hampden district	Isaac C. Bates	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Isaac C. Bates (AJ) 87.7% John Mills (J) 7.9% Others 4.4%
Massachusetts 9 Known as the Berkshire district	Henry W. Dwight	Anti-Jacksonian	1820	Re-elected	Henry W. Dwight (AJ) 53.4% George N. Briggs (AJ) 24.6% Nathan Willis (J) 22.0%
Massachusetts 10 Known as the Norfolk district	John Bailey	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Re-elected	John Bailey (A) 75.9% William Ellis (J) 13.9% Ebenezer Seaver (J) 5.6% Others 4.6%
Massachusetts 11 Known as the Plymouth district	Joseph Richardson	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Joseph Richardson (AJ) 52.6% Thomas P. Beal (AJ) 47.4%
Massachusetts 12 Known as the Bristol district	James L. Hodges	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	James L. Hodges (AJ) 81.2% Francis Baylies (J) 7.8% Others 10.9%
Massachusetts 13 Known as the Barnstable district	John Reed, Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	1812 1820	Re-elected	John Reed, Jr. (AJ) 94.3% Others 5.7%

Mississippi

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Mississippi at-large	William Haile	Jacksonian	1826 (special)	Lost re-election Jacksonian hold	Thomas Hinds^{[Note 10]} (J) 43.3% David Dickson (J) 23.6% Adam L. Bingaman (AJ) 17.3% William Haile (J) 15.8%

Missouri

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Missouri at-large	Edward Bates	Anti-Jacksonian	1820	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	Spencer D. Pettis (J) 60.6% Edward Bates (AJ) 39.4%

New Hampshire

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New Hampshire at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Ichabod Bartlett	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Retired Jacksonian gain	John Brodhead (J) 9.3% Thomas Chandler (J) 9.2% Jonathan Harvey (J) 9.2% Joseph Hammons (J) 9.2% John W. Weeks (J) 9.2% Henry Hubbard (J) 9.2% Langley Boardman (AJ) 7.8% Joseph Bell (AJ) 7.7% Ezekiel Webster (AJ) 7.7% Jothan Lord (AJ) 7.6% David Barker, Jr. (AJ) 7.2% John Wallace (AJ) 6.7%
	Jonathan Harvey	Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected
	Titus Brown	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Retired Jacksonian gain
	David Barker, Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	1827	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain
	Thomas Whipple, Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	1820	Retired Jacksonian gain
	Joseph Healy	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Retired Jacksonian gain

New Jersey

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New Jersey at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Lewis Condict	Anti-Jacksonian	1820	Re-elected	Lewis Condict (AJ) 8.7% Richard M. Cooper (AJ) 8.7% Isaac Pierson (AJ) 8.7% Samuel Swan (AJ) 8.7% James F. Randolph^{[Note 10]} (AJ) 8.6% Thomas H. Hughes (AJ) 8.6% William N. Jeffers (J) 8.0% James Parker (J) 8.0% Peter D. Vroom (J) 8.0% John Clement 8.0% George Cassedy (J) 8.0% Samuel Fowler (J) 8.0%
	Previous incumbent George Holcombe (J) died January 14, 1828			Jacksonian hold
	Isaac Pierson	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected
	Previous incumbent Hedge Thompson (AJ) died July 23, 1828			Anti-Jacksonian gain
	Samuel Swan	Anti-Jacksonian	1820	Re-elected
	Ebenezer Tucker	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Retired Anti-Jacksonian hold

New York

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New York 1	Silas Wood	Anti-Jacksonian	1818	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	James Lent (J) 52.3% Silas Wood (AJ) 47.7%
New York 2	John J. Wood	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold	Jacob Crocheron (J) 59.2% Peter W. Radcliff (AJ) 40.8%
New York 3 Plural district with 3 seats	Churchill C. Cambreleng	Jacksonian	1821	Re-elected	Campbell P. White (J) 24.0% Gulian Verplanck (J) 18.8% Churchill C. Cambreleng (J) 18.8% David Ogden (AJ) 14.9% Thomas C. Taylor (AJ) 14.6% Ebenezer Lord (AJ) 9.0%
	Gulian Verplanck	Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected
	Jeromus Johnson	Jacksonian	1824	Retired Jacksonian hold
New York 4	Aaron Ward	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Retired Anti-Jacksonian hold	Henry B. Cowles (AJ) 51.0% Caleb Tompkins (J) 49.0%
New York 5	Previous incumbent Thomas J. Oakley (J) resigned May 9, 1828 to become a judge of the superior court of New York City			Jacksonian hold	Abraham Bockee (J) 58.5% Edmund H. Pendleton (AJ) 41.5%
New York 6	John Hallock, Jr.	Jacksonian	1824	Retired Jacksonian hold	Hector Craig (J) 55.7% Samuel J. Wilkin (AJ) 44.3%
New York 7	George O. Belden	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold	Charles G. DeWitt (J) 61.9% Lewis D. Bevier (AJ) 27.3% John Bogardus (AM) 10.8%
New York 8	James Strong	Anti-Jacksonian	1818 1822	Re-elected	James Strong (AJ) 50.9% James Vanderpoel (J) 49.1%
New York 9	John D. Dickinson	Anti-Jacksonian	1818 1826	Re-elected	John D. Dickinson (AJ) 51.6% George R. Davis (J) 48.4%
New York 10	Stephen Van Rensselaer	Anti-Jacksonian	1822 (special)	Retired Anti-Jacksonian hold	Ambrose Spencer (AJ) 51.0% Charles E. Dudley (J) 47.7% George Merchant (AM) 1.2%
New York 11	Selah R. Hobbie	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold	Perkins King (J) 61.6% Jacob Haight (AJ) 38.4%
New York 12	John I. De Graff	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold	Peter I. Borst (J) 57.5% Jacob Livingston (AJ) 42.5%
New York 13	Samuel Chase	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian gain	William G. Angel (J) 55.7% Erastus Crafts (AJ) 44.3%
New York 14	Henry R. Storrs	Anti-Jacksonian	1816 1822	Re-elected	Henry R. Storrs (AJ) 51.1% Greene C. Bronson (J) 48.9%
New York 15	Michael Hoffman	Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected	Michael Hoffman (J) 100%
New York 16	Henry Markell	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Retired Anti-Jacksonian hold	Benedict Arnold (AJ) 52.9% William I. Dodge (J) 47.1%
New York 17	John W. Taylor	Anti-Jacksonian	1812	Re-elected	John W. Taylor (AJ) 54.9% John Cramer (J) 45.1%
New York 18	Henry C. Martindale	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Re-elected	Henry C. Martindale (AJ) 58.0% John Willard (J) 42.0%
New York 19	Richard Keese	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Anti-Jacksonian gain	Isaac Finch (AJ) 48.0% William Hogan (J) 44.7% John McLean (AM) 4.1% John Cameron 3.3%
New York 20 Plural district with 2 seats	Silas Wright, Jr.	Jacksonian	1826	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian gain^{[Note 11]}	Joseph Hawkins (AJ) 25.5% George Fisher^{[Note 11]} (AJ) 25.1% Silas Wright, Jr.^{[Note 11]} (J) 25.1% Perley Keyes (J) 24.2%
New York 20 Plural district with 2 seats	Rudolph Bunner	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Anti-Jacksonian gain
New York 21	John C. Clark	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold	Robert Monell (J) 63.6% Tilly Lynde 36.4%
New York 22	John G. Stower	Jacksonian	1824	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian gain	Thomas Beekman (AJ) 53.4% John G. Stower (J) 46.6%
New York 23	Jonas Earll, Jr.	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Jonas Earll, Jr. (J) 50.4% Daniel Kellogg (AJ) 44.6% Parson P. Shipman 5.0%
New York 24	Nathaniel Garrow	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold	Gershom Powers (J) 61.6% Daniel Kellogg (AJ) 24.8% Moses Dixon (AM) 13.6%
New York 25	David Woodcock	Anti-Jacksonian	1821 1826	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	Thomas Maxwell (J) 60.1% David Woodcock (AJ) 39.9%
New York 26 Plural district with 2 seats	Dudley Marvin	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Lost re-election Anti-Masonic gain	Robert S. Rose (AM) 26.4% Jehiel H. Halsey (J) 21.4% Phineas P. Bates (J) 20.8% Dudley Marvin (AJ) 16.1% Israel J. Richardson (AM) 15.3%
New York 26 Plural district with 2 seats	John Maynard	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian gain
New York 27	Daniel D. Barnard	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Lost re-election Anti-Masonic gain	Timothy Childs (AM) 54.6% Addison Gardiner (J) 36.0% Daniel D. Barnard (AJ) 9.4%
New York 28	John Magee	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	John Magee (J) 55.2% Timothy H. Porter (AJ) 44.8%
New York 29	Phineas L. Tracy	Anti-Jacksonian	1827 (special)	Re-elected as Anti-Masonic	Phineas L. Tracy (AM^{[Note 6]}) 68.9% Heman J. Redfield (J) 31.1%
New York 30	Daniel G. Garnsey	Jacksonian	1824	Lost re-election Jacksonian hold	Ebenezer F. Norton (J) 45.0% John Birdsall (J) 24.3% John G. Camp (AJ) 17.3% Daniel G. Garnsey (AM^{[Note 6]}) 13.4%

Hector Craig (J) of the 6th district resigned July 12, 1830 and was replaced in a special election by Samuel W. Eager (AJ)

In the 20th district, Silas Wright, Jr. (J) successfully contested the election of George Fisher (AJ); but Wright never claimed the seat, and resigned, without serving, on March 9, 1830. A special election was held in November 1830, which was won with 60.6% of the vote by Jonah Sanford (J) over Harvey D. Smith (NR).^[2]

Robert Monell (J) of the 21st district resigned February 21, 1831

North Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
North Carolina 1	Lemuel Sawyer	Jacksonian	1807 1825	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian gain	William Biddle Shepard (AJ) 54.0% Lemuel Sawyer (J) 46.0%
North Carolina 2	Willis Alston	Jacksonian	1798 1825	Re-elected	Willis Alston (J) 93.9% George E. Spruill 6.1%
North Carolina 3	Thomas H. Hall	Jacksonian	1817 1827	Re-elected	Thomas H. Hall (J) 93.5% Richard Hines (J) 3.9% William A. Blount (J) 2.6%
North Carolina 4	John H. Bryan	Anti-Jacksonian	1825	Retired Jacksonian gain	Jesse Speight (J) 64.5% Thomas H. Daves (J) 26.2% James Manney (AJ) 9.4%
North Carolina 5	Gabriel Holmes	Jacksonian	1825	Re-elected	Gabriel Holmes (J) 52.2% Edward B. Dudley^{[Note 12]} (J) 47.8%
North Carolina 6	Daniel Turner	Jacksonian	1827	Retired Jacksonian hold	Robert Potter (J) 83.9% Samuel Hillman (AJ) 12.5% W. Joyner^{[Note 7]} 3.6%
North Carolina 7	John Culpepper	Anti-Jacksonian	1806 1827	Retired Anti-Jacksonian hold	Edmund Deberry (AJ) 51.9% John A. Cameron (AJ) 48.1%
North Carolina 8	Daniel L. Barringer	Jacksonian	1826 (special)	Re-elected	Daniel L. Barringer (J) 61.5% James A. Craig (J) 37.0% Nathaniel J. Palmer 1.3% Boyle^{[Note 7]} 0.2%
North Carolina 9	Augustine H. Shepperd	Jacksonian	1827	Re-elected	Augustine H. Shepperd (J) 100%
North Carolina 10	John Long	Anti-Jacksonian	1821	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	John Giles (J) 58.6% John Long (AJ) 41.4%
North Carolina 11	Henry W. Connor	Jacksonian	1821	Re-elected	Henry W. Connor^{[Note 8]} (J)
North Carolina 12	Samuel P. Carson	Jacksonian	1825	Re-elected	Samuel P. Carson (J) 100%
North Carolina 13	Lewis Williams	Anti-Jacksonian	1815	Re-elected	Lewis Williams (AJ) 58.6% Samuel King (J) 41.4%

Gabriel Holmes (J) of the 5th district died September 26, 1829 and was replaced in a special election by Edward B. Dudley (J).

John Giles (J) of the 10th district resigned before the start of Congress and was replaced in a special election by Abraham Rencher (J)

Ohio

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Ohio 1	James Findlay	Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected	James Findlay (J) 64.4% David K. Este (AJ) 35.6%
Ohio 2	John Woods	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	James Shields (J) 62.1% John Woods (AJ) 37.9%
Ohio 3	William McLean	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Retired Anti-Jacksonian hold	Joseph H. Crane (AJ) 57.4% Morris Seeley (J) 42.6%
Ohio 4	Joseph Vance	Anti-Jacksonian	1820	Re-elected	Joseph Vance (AJ) 64.7% John Alexander (J) 35.3%
Ohio 5	William Russell	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	William Russell (J) 71.8% Isaiah Morris (AJ) 28.2%
Ohio 6	William Creighton, Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	William Creighton, Jr. (AJ) 50.2% Cadwallader Wallace (J) 49.8%
Ohio 7	Samuel F. Vinton	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Re-elected	Samuel F. Vinton (AJ) 63.0% George House (J) 37.0%
Ohio 8	William Stanbery	Jacksonian	1827 (special)	Re-elected	William Stanbery^{[Note 8]} (J) Isaac Minor (AJ)
Ohio 9	Philemon Beecher	Anti-Jacksonian	1816 1822	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	William W. Irvin (J) 56.0% Philemon Beecher (AJ) 44.0%
Ohio 10	John Davenport	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	William Kennon, Sr. (J) 51.2% John Davenport (AJ) 48.8%
Ohio 11	John C. Wright	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	John M. Goodenow (J) 52.6% John C. Wright (AJ) 47.4%
Ohio 12	John Sloan	Anti-Jacksonian	1818	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	John Thomson (J) 46.2% John Sloan (AJ) 40.4% George M. Cook 9.1% John Harris 4.3%
Ohio 13	Elisha Whittlesey	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Re-elected	Elisha Whittlesey (AJ) 81.1% Eli Baldwin (J) 18.9%
Ohio 14	Mordecai Bartley	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Re-elected	Mordecai Bartley (AJ) 52.1% William H. Hunter (J) 28.6% Reuben Wood (AJ) 19.3%

John M. Goodenow (J) of the 11th district resigned April 9, 1830, having been chosen as a judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio and was replaced in a special election by Humphrey H. Leavitt (J)

Pennsylvania

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates^[3]
Pennsylvania 1	Joel B. Sutherland	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Joel B. Sutherland (J) 74.7% Peter A. Browne (AJ) 25.3%
Pennsylvania 2	John Sergeant	Anti-Jacksonian	1816 1827 (special)	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	Joseph Hemphill (J) 54.2% John Sergeant (AJ) 45.8%
Pennsylvania 3	Daniel H. Miller	Jacksonian	1822	Re-elected	Daniel H. Miller (J) 68.3% Samuel Harvey (AJ) 31.7%
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 3 seats	James Buchanan	Jacksonian	1820	Re-elected	James Buchanan (J) 17.6% Joshua Evans, Jr. (J) 17.5% George G. Leiper (J) 17.4% Samuel Anderson (AJ) 15.9% Townsend Haines (AJ) 15.9% William Hiester (J) 15.8%
	Samuel Anderson	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain
	Charles Miner	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Retired Jacksonian gain
Pennsylvania 5	John B. Sterigere	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	John B. Sterigere (J) 56.9% Joseph Royer (AJ) 43.1%
Pennsylvania 6	Innis Green	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Innis Green (J) 72.0% Valentine Hummel (AJ) 28.0%
Pennsylvania 7 Plural district with 2 seats	Joseph Fry, Jr.	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Joseph Fry, Jr. (J) 31.1% Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (J) 28.8% Henry King (AJ) 20.4% William Addams (AJ^{[Note 6]}) 19.6%
Pennsylvania 7 Plural district with 2 seats	William Addams	Jacksonian	1824	Lost re-election Jacksonian hold
Pennsylvania 8 Plural district with 2 seats	George Wolf	Jacksonian	1824	Re-elected	George Wolf (J) 30.6% Samuel D. Ingham (J) 30.0% James M. Porter (AJ) 20.0% Thomas G. Kennedy (AJ) 19.4%
Pennsylvania 8 Plural district with 2 seats	Samuel D. Ingham	Jacksonian	1812 1822 (special)	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 9 Plural district with 3 seats	George Kremer	Jacksonian	1822	Retired Jacksonian hold	Philander Stephens (J) 26.9% James Ford (J) 26.6% Alem Marr (J) 25.9% John Murray (AJ) 8.5% Chauncey Alford (AJ) 7.4% George M. Hollenback (AJ) 4.7%
	Espy Van Horne	Jacksonian	1824	Retired Jacksonian hold
	Samuel McKean	Jacksonian	1822	Retired Jacksonian hold
Pennsylvania 10	Adam King	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Adam King (J) 63.2% William McIlvine (AJ) 36.8%
Pennsylvania 11 Plural district with 2 seats	James Wilson	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	Thomas H. Crawford (J) 29.9% William Ramsey (J) 29.3% James Wilson (AJ) 20.5% George Chambers (AJ) 20.4%
Pennsylvania 11 Plural district with 2 seats	William Ramsey	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 12	John Mitchell	Jacksonian	1824	Retired Jacksonian hold	John Scott (J) 44.3% William P. Maclay (AJ) 31.3% David H. Huling (J) 24.4%
Pennsylvania 13	Chauncey Forward	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Chauncey Forward (J) 51.9% William Piper (AJ) 48.1%
Pennsylvania 14	Andrew Stewart	Anti-Jacksonian	1820	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	Thomas Irwin (J) 56.3% Andrew Stewart (AJ) 43.7%
Pennsylvania 15	Joseph Lawrence	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Lost re-election Jacksonian gain	William McCreery (J) 64.8% Joseph Lawrence (AJ) 35.2%
Pennsylvania 16 Plural district with 2 seats	Robert Orr, Jr.	Jacksonian	1825 (special)	Retired Jacksonian hold	John Gilmore (J) 29.6% William Wilkins (AM) 24.7% James S. Stevenson (J) 23.8% Robert Moore (AJ) 18.3% William Ayers 3.6%
Pennsylvania 16 Plural district with 2 seats	James S. Stevenson	Jacksonian	1824	Lost re-election Anti-Masonic gain
Pennsylvania 17	Richard Coulter	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Richard Coulter (J) 100%
Pennsylvania 18	Stephen Barlow	Jacksonian	1826	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian gain	Thomas H. Sill (AJ) 54.3% Stephen Barlow (J) 45.7%

Samuel D. Ingham (J) and George Wolf (J) of the 8th district resigned in March, 1829 and August 31, 1829, respectively. Both were replaced in a special election by Peter Ihrie, Jr. (J) and Samuel A. Smith (J).

William Wilkins (AM) of the 16th district resigned November 9, 1829 and was replaced in a special election by Harmar Denny (AM).

Rhode Island

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Rhode Island at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	Tristam Burges	Anti-Jacksonian	1825	Re-elected	Dutee J. Pearce (AJ) 37.5% Tristam Burges (AJ) 35.6% Samuel Eddy (J) 10.8% Job Durfee (J) 9.8% Elisha R. Potter 4.5% John D'Wolf 1.8%
Rhode Island at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	Dutee J. Pearce	Anti-Jacksonian	1825	Re-elected

South Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	William Drayton	Jacksonian	1825 (special)	Re-elected	William Drayton^{[Note 8]} (J)
South Carolina 2	James Hamilton, Jr.	Jacksonian	1822 (special)	Retired Jacksonian hold	Robert W. Barnwell^{[Note 8]} (J)
South Carolina 3	Thomas R. Mitchell	Jacksonian	1820 1824	Lost re-election Jacksonian hold	John Campbell^{[Note 8]} (J) Thomas R. Mitchell (J)
South Carolina 4	William D. Martin	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	William D. Martin^{[Note 8]} (J)
South Carolina 5	George McDuffie	Jacksonian	1820	Re-elected	George McDuffie^{[Note 8]} (J)
South Carolina 6	Warren R. Davis	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Warren R. Davis (J) 76.1%^{[Note 13]} Cobb^{[Note 7]} 23.9%
South Carolina 7	William T. Nuckolls	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	William T. Nuckolls^{[Note 8]} (J)
South Carolina 8	John Carter	Jacksonian	1822 (special)	Retired Jacksonian hold	James Blair (J) 41.5% Richard Irvine Manning I (J) 38.7% James G. Spann (J) 19.8%
South Carolina 9	Starling Tucker	Jacksonian	1816	Re-elected	Starling Tucker^{[Note 8]} (J)

Tennessee

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Tennessee 1	John Blair	Jacksonian	1823	Re-elected	John Blair (J) 67.3% John A. Rogers 16.5% William Priestly 16.2%
Tennessee 2	Pryor Lea	Jacksonian	1827	Re-elected	Pryor Lea (J) 51.2% Thomas D. Arnold (AJ) 48.8%
Tennessee 3	James C. Mitchell	Jacksonian	1825	Retired Jacksonian hold	James I. Standifer (J) 82.3% James Lowry 17.7%
Tennessee 4	Jacob C. Isacks	Jacksonian	1823	Re-elected	Jacob C. Isacks (J) 100%
Tennessee 5	Robert Desha	Jacksonian	1827	Re-elected	Robert Desha (J) 64.2% William Trousdale (J) 35.8%
Tennessee 6	James K. Polk	Jacksonian	1825	Re-elected
Tennessee 7	John Bell	Jacksonian	1827	Re-elected	John Bell (J) 100%
Tennessee 8	John H. Marable	Jacksonian	1825	Lost re-election Jacksonian hold	Cave Johnson (J) 52.9% John H. Marable (J) 47.1%
Tennessee 9	Davy Crockett	Jacksonian	1827	Re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian	Davy Crockett (AJ^{[Note 6]}) 63.8% Adam R. Alexander (J) 34.3% Joel Estes 1.6% James Clark 0.2%

Vermont

Vermont electoral law required a majority for election. Two elections were required in the 3rd district and 8 in the 5th district to achieve a majority. Only the first and final elections are shown here.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	First vote	Final vote
Vermont 1	Jonathan Hunt	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Jonathan Hunt (AJ) 90.3% Daniel Kellogg (J) 9.7%
Vermont 2	Rollin C. Mallary	Anti-Jacksonian	1818	Re-elected	Rollin C. Mallary^{[Note 8]} (AJ)
Vermont 3	George E. Wales	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian hold	Horace Everett (AJ) 44.2% George E. Wales (AJ) 25.2% Jacob Collamer (AJ) 23.3% Asa Aiken 7.3%	Horace Everett (AJ) 56.7% George E. Wales (AJ) 24.8% Jacob Collamer (AJ) 15.2% Asa Aiken 3.3%
Vermont 4	Benjamin Swift	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Benjamin Swift (AJ) 68.8% Ezra Meech (J) 31.2%
Vermont 5	Daniel A. A. Buck	Anti-Jacksonian	1822 1826	Lost re-election Anti-Masonic gain	Daniel A. A. Buck (AJ) 39.6% Seth Cushman (J) 26.7% William Cahoon (AM) 24.6% James Bell (AJ) 9.1%	William Cahoon (AM) 57.9% James Bell (AJ) 28.5% Seth Cushman (J) 6.8% Others 6.8%

Virginia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Virginia 1	Thomas Newton, Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	1801	Re-elected	Thomas Newton, Jr. (AJ) 50.3% George Loyall (J) 49.7%
Virginia 2	James Trezvant	Jacksonian	1825	Re-elected	James Trezvant (J) 100%
Virginia 3	William S. Archer	Jacksonian	1820 (special)	Re-elected	William S. Archer (J) 100%
Virginia 4	Mark Alexander	Jacksonian	1819	Re-elected	Mark Alexander (J) 100%
Virginia 5	John Randolph	Jacksonian	1799 1827	Retired Jacksonian hold	Thomas T. Bouldin (J) 46.1% George W. Crump (J) 42.0% John Miller 11.9%
Virginia 6	Thomas Davenport	Jacksonian	1825	Re-elected	Thomas Davenport (J) 100%
Virginia 7	Nathaniel H. Claiborne	Jacksonian	1825	Re-elected	Nathaniel H. Claiborne (J) 100%
Virginia 8	Burwell Bassett	Jacksonian	1805 1821	Lost re-election Jacksonian hold	Richard Coke, Jr. (J) 41.7% Burwell Bassett (J) 37.5% Carter M. Braxton 20.8%
Virginia 9	Andrew Stevenson	Jacksonian	1821	Re-elected	Andrew Stevenson (J) 100%
Virginia 10	William C. Rives	Jacksonian	1823	Re-elected	William C. Rives (J) 100%
Virginia 11	Philip P. Barbour	Jacksonian	1815 1827	Re-elected	Philip P. Barbour (J) 100%
Virginia 12	John Roane	Jacksonian	1809 1827	Re-elected	John Roane (J) 100%
Virginia 13	John Taliaferro	Anti-Jacksonian	1824 (special)	Re-elected	John Taliaferro (AJ) 61.8% Willoughby Newton 38.2%
Virginia 14	Charles F. Mercer	Anti-Jacksonian	1817	Re-elected	Charles F. Mercer (AJ) 82.0% John Gibson 18.0%
Virginia 15	John S. Barbour	Jacksonian	1823	Re-elected	John S. Barbour (J) 100%
Virginia 16	William Armstrong	Anti-Jacksonian	1825	Re-elected	William Armstrong (AJ) 100%
Virginia 17	Robert Allen	Jacksonian	1827	Re-elected	Robert Allen (J) 61.5% Samuel Kerceval 38.5%
Virginia 18	Isaac Leffler	Anti-Jacksonian	1827	Retired Anti-Jacksonian hold	Philip Doddridge (AJ) 59.6% Joseph Johnson (J) 40.4%
Virginia 19	William McCoy	Jacksonian	1811	Re-elected	William McCoy (J) 100%
Virginia 20	John Floyd	Jacksonian	1817	Retired Jacksonian hold	Robert Craig (J) 55.0% Fleming B. Miller 45.0%
Virginia 21	Lewis Maxwell	Anti-Jacksonian	1827	Re-elected	Lewis Maxwell (AJ) 40.0% Joseph Lowell 39.8% William Smith (J) 20.2%
Virginia 22	Alexander Smyth	Jacksonian	1817 1827	Re-elected	Alexander Smyth (J) 100%

In the 1st district, George Loyall (J) successfully contested the election of Thomas Newton, Jr. (AJ) and was seated March 9, 1830 during the 1st session.

William C. Rives (J) of the 10th district resigned before Congress met and was replaced in a special election by William F. Gordon (J)

Philip P. Barbour (J) of the 11th district resigned October 15, 1830 to accept President Jackson's appointment to be judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia and was replaced in a special election by John M. Patton (J)

Alexander Smyth (J) of the 22nd district died April 17, 1830 and was replaced in a special election by Joseph Draper (J)

Non-voting delegates

District	Incumbent	First elected	Result	Candidates
Arkansas Territory at-large	Ambrose H. Sevier	1827 (special)	Re-elected	Ambrose H. Sevier^{[Note 8]}
Florida Territory at-large	Joseph M. White	1824	Re-elected	Joseph M. White^{[Note 8]}
Michigan Territory at-large	Austin E. Wing	1824	Retired	John Biddle^{[Note 8]}

John Biddle resigned February 21, 1831

Notes

1 2 Both Dubin and Martis agree that there were 72 seats held by Anti-Jacksonians (or Adams Men) at the start of the 21st Congress; further, including the later filling of vacancies, both sources agree that there were ultimately 136 districts held by Jacksonians.
↑ Changed from district
↑ Includes 3 plural districts
↑ Includes 6 plural districts
↑ Includes 1 plural district
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Changed parties
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Source does not give full name
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source
↑ District numbers vary between sources
1 2 Won special election to the 20th Congress
1 2 3 Silas Wright, Jr. (J) successfully contested the election of George Fisher (AJ); but Wright never claimed the seat, and resigned, without serving, on March 9, 1830. See note at bottom of the New York 'Complete returns' section for further details.
↑ Won subsequent special election
↑ Based on incomplete returns

References

1 2 3 4 Dubin, pg. 95; Martis, pg. 90.
↑ Dubin, pg. 92, 94, 96.
↑ Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

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