Unite the Union

Unite theUNION

Founded	2007
Members	1,282,671 (2016)[1]
Head union	Workers Uniting
Affiliation	TUC, ICTU, AfF, CSEU, Labour (Britain),[2] Labour (Ireland)
Key people	Len McCluskey (general secretary)
Office location	128 Theobald's Road, Holborn, London
Country	United Kingdom & Ireland
Website	www.unitetheunion.org

Unite theUNION, commonly known as Unite, is a British and Irish trade union, formed on 1 May 2007, by the merger of Amicus and the Transport and General Workers' Union. It is the largest trade union in the UK and Ireland. The General Secretary of Unite is Len McCluskey.^[3]

On 2 July 2008, Unite signed an agreement to merge with the United Steelworkers to form a new global union entity called Workers Uniting which represents over 3 million members in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, North America and the Caribbean. Unite retains its separate identity in the United Kingdom.

Executive Council

Jack Jones House, Liverpool. North West Headquarters

The Yorkshire, North East and Humberside regional headquarters is in Leeds

As part of the merger process, a Joint Executive Council (formed of the executives of both the predecessor unions) took office on the vesting day. In March 2008, a new Executive Council for the expanded Union was elected, taking office on 1 May 2008 and having a three-year term.The Executive Council was tasked with putting a new Unite rulebook to a postal ballot of members during July 2008. The rule book was accepted by a majority of members and will not be subject to amendment until a Rules Conference is held.

The first reduced unified Unite Executive Council was elected in 2011

The first single General secretary of Unite Len McCluskey was elected in December 2010 on a platform of unification and standing for one term of office only.

The Unite special Rules Conference in 2010 agreed a rule change including a formula for how seats will be allocated on the UNITE Executive Council which takes office in 2011. There are a number of factions within Unite.

• Unite Now, A growing active movement established in 2011 which is "moderate left" It presents itself as an independent movement for lay members, activists and officers. Supported Len McCluskey in his first election but they opposed the calling of an early General secretary election in 2013. Unitenow campaigns for greater transparency in the union and are critical of the unions centralised hierarchical decision making structures. They campaign for greater financial transparency, a move away from the current centralised executive powers with a more independent Executive Council which has set term limits. Not aligned to any political section of the union it has grown in influence within lay activist ranks, officers and key manufacturing sectors of Unite. It is widely accepted that they will challenge the Unite General Secretary election due to be called in 2017.
• United Left, the main left grouping, which includes supporters of the Labour Party, the Socialist Workers Party and Communist party. Supported Len McCluskey in his election.

Elections

Joint General Secretary election and merger suspension

On the 9 October 2008 the executive council of Unite announced that there would be an election for the General Secretary (Amicus section), with a timetable of January/February 2009 for the election, the results being announced in March 2009. This election was for a fixed term until December 2010.

The Executive council also postponed the adoption of the new rule book and integration until May 2009.

This action was taken in light of the potential success of a legal challenge to Simpson's extension of tenure by a "single member" of the union.^[4] Jerry Hicks, a former member of the union's Executive and its General Purposes and Finance Committee and unfairly dismissed convenor of Rolls Royce at Bristol, disclosed at the outset that he was the person behind the challenge. He made the same legal challenge that Simpson deployed successfully on his predecessor Ken Jackson.^[5]

These candidates seeking nomination for the election, with their main union positions at the beginning of March 2009:

• Derek Simpson (incumbent)^[6]
• Jerry Hicks (former convenor, Rolls Royce, Bristol)^[7]
• Laurence Faircloth (Regional Secretary, South West Region)^[8]
• Kevin Coyne (Regional Secretary, North West Region)^[9]
• Paul K. Reuter (National Officer)^[10]

All candidates received sufficient nominations, but Laurence Faircloth stood down after nominations closed, recommending that his supporters to support Derek Simpson.^[11]

Candidate		Votes
		Votes		%
	Derek Simpson Y	60,048		37.7%
	Jerry Hicks	39,307		24.7%
	Kevin Coyne	30,603		19.2%
	Paul Reuter	28,283		17.8%
Invalid Votes		1,031		0.6%
Turnout		159,272		14.5%
Derek Simpson elected General Secretary

A total of 159,272 voting slips were returned, out of a possible 1,096,511 voters, a turnout of 14.5%. Simpson won the election with 37.7% of the total votes cast,^[12] and remained in the post of Joint General Secretary until December 2010.

General Secretary election 2010

Following Derek Simpson & Tony Woodley's announcements that they were to retire, Len McCluskey announced his intention to seek the position of General Secretary of Unite. He secured 42.4% of the vote with 101,000 votes and was duly elected as General Secretary of Unite for a 5-year term starting January 1, 2011.^[3]

Candidate		Votes
		Votes		%
	Len McCluskey Y	101,000		42.4%
	Jerry Hicks	53,000		21.8%
	Les Bayliss	47,000		19.3%
	Gail Cartmail	39,000		16.4%
Turnout		240,000		15.8%
Len McCluskey elected General Secretary Source: The Guardian

The overall turnout was 15.8% ^[13]

General Secretary election 2013

McCluskey speaking at the 2016 Labour Party Conference

In late 2012 Len McCluskey unexpectedly called an early General Secretary election saying that "Our current timescale would mean holding an election for GS just before the next General Election which would not be good for either Unite or the Labour Party, and is liable to cause divisions in the union, sufficiently divisive to, at best, threaten, and at worst, shatter the unity that we are creating." ^[14] On March 4, 2013 it was declared that two candidates had declared themselves to be standing in the election: Len McCluskey, who had won 1089 workplace/branch nominations, and Jerry Hicks, who had won 136 nominations.^[15] This was Jerry Hicks' third successive attempt at becoming Unite's General Secretary. On 14 April 2013 it was announced that Len McCluskey had been successfully re-elected as Unite General Secretary, whose term will now expire in 2018. The full election results were:

Candidate		Votes
		Votes		%
	Len McCluskey Y	144,570		64.2%
	Jerry Hicks	79,819		35.5%
Invalid Votes		1,412
Turnout		225,801		15.2%
Len McCluskey re-elected General Secretary Source: Unite the Union,[16] BBC News[17]

General Secretary election 2017

In December 2016, incumbent General Secretary Len McCluskey announced his resignation in order to contest an election for the post, which was held in April 2017. McCluskey was challenged by Unite's West Midlands Regional Secretary Gerard Coyne, who accused him of "putting the Labour leadership before the interests of Unite members". Coyne, a member of the Unite Now faction, is widely viewed as a centre-left figure within the union, has a close relationship with the Labour Party and has the backing of the Deputy Leader Tom Watson.^[18] Ian Allinson later announced that he would stand as a "grass-roots socialist" candidate.^[19] Concerns were expressed about breaches of data protection law during the campaign, leading to Unite's assistant general secretary for legal affairs producing a report on the allegations.^[18][20][21]

Coyne was suspended from his position as West Midlands General Secretary by Unite on 20 April, after voting had finished, the day ballot counting began. It was claimed that Coyne had brought the union into disrepute.^[22][23] The following day it was announced that Len McCluskey had won the election.^[24] However, on 2 June Coyne announced a legal challenge against the result.^[25]

Candidate		Votes
		Votes		%
	Len McCluskey Y	59,067		45.5%
	Gerard Coyne	53,544		41.3%
	Ian Allinson	17,143		13.2%
Invalid Votes		317
Turnout		130,071		12.2%
Len McCluskey re-elected General Secretary Source: Unite the Union PoliticsHome.com

Membership levels

A private presentation given by Unite's former joint general secretary Tony Woodley showed that membership of the union had stood at 1.44 million in 2007 but declined by 262,740 between 2007 and 2010.^[26] During 2012, despite wider falling trade union membership and the tough economic climate, Unite increased its membership by more than 50,000 members. The party claimed 1.5 million members in January 2013,^[27] and was claiming 1.42 million by April 2017.^[28]

Controversies

Hunger strike

There was a 2008 rooftop hunger strike at Unite's Transport House building in Belfast. The participants were formerly shop stewards of the Transport and General Workers Union, now the T&G section of Unite the Union.^[29] The dispute is over legal fees and compensation for an unfair dismissal action against the workers' employer, arising from a 2002 strike at Belfast International Airport, and the related actions of a full-time union official employee.^[30][31][32]

Payment to outgoing leader

Former leader Derek Simpson received a payment of over £500,000 when he left his post in 2010.^[33] Due to the controversy this caused within the union, the issue was addressed at Unite's Policy Conference in 2012 and resulted in members voting in favour of new measures designed to limit future payments on departure.^[34]

Selection of Labour candidates

In 2013, leaked documents alleged that Unite was running a covert campaign to ensure its candidates were selected to represent the Labour Party in the 2015 general election. Steve Hart, the union's political director, stated that Unite was supporting 41 candidates.^[35] There was particular controversy over the 2013 Labour Party Falkirk candidate selection. Unite claimed that it had not broken any Labour Party rules or the law with its selection campaign. Ed Miliband, then Leader of the Labour Party, referred the matter for police investigation, however Police Scotland found there was 'insufficient evidence' to launch an investigation.^[36] An Information Commissioner's Office investigation took place, as did internal Labour disciplinary proceedings.

Political Views

McCluskey Era

Criticism of UK government austerity measures

In June 2011, Unite publicly criticised the serving coalition government for a number of cuts in public services caused a result of the reduction of public funding, in particular cuts to the National Health Service (NHS). Ron Singer, a retired GP of 30 years and Unite member, claimed that there were "serious concerns" over the future of the NHS.^[37] However, the union were heavily criticised and accused of scaremongering over similar comments.^[38]

In February 2013, Unite was among other organisations and individuals who gave their support to the People's Assembly in a letter published by The Guardian newspaper.^[39] Representing Unite, Len McCluskey also gave a speech at the People's Assembly Conference held at Westminster Central Hall on 22 June 2013, at which many Unite delegates and representatives were in attendance.

Threat to split from Labour and launch a new workers' party

In April 2014, McCluskey threatened to disaffiliate Unite from Labour and launch a new workers' party if Labour lost the 2015 General Election.^[40] Labour subsequently lost the election.

In July 2015, Unite endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election.^[41]

Palestine solidarity

In July 2014, Unite described Israel as "an apartheid state" and called for "sanctions against Israel for its continued illegal occupation, flouting of international law, and construction of an apartheid regime."^[42]

Abortion

Unite supports Abortion Rights^[43] which campaigns "to defend and extend women's rights and access to safe, legal abortion"; among its statements it opposes the criminalisaton of sex-selective abortion.^[44]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Unite the Union.

• Official website
• Ian's Unite Site (blog of a UNITE Executive Council member)
• DearUnite.com: Unofficial members' web site
• Catalogue of the Unite archives, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick