U.S. Route 8

U.S. Highway 8 marker

U.S. Highway 8

US 8 runs east–west from East central Minnesota to the Upper Peninsula Michigan and across Northern Wisconsin

US 8 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by Mn/DOT, WisDOT, MDOT
Length: 280.00 mi[lower-alpha 1] (450.62 km)
Existed: November 11, 1926 (1926-11-11)[4] – present
Major junctions
West end: I-35 in Forest Lake, MN
 
East end: US 2 in Norway, MI
Location
States: Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan
Counties: MN: Washington, Chisago
WI: Polk, Barron, Rusk, Price, Lincoln, Oneida, Forest, Marinette
MI: Dickinson
Highway system
  • Minnesota Trunk Highways
← MN 7MNMN 9 →
← US 2WIUS 10 →
← M-7MIM-8 →

U.S. Highway 8 (US 8) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs primarily east–west for 280 miles (451 km), mostly within the state of Wisconsin. It connects Interstate 35 (I-35) in Forest Lake, Minnesota, to US 2 at Norway in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan near the border with Wisconsin. Except for the short freeway segment near Forest Lake, and sections near the St. Croix River bridge and Rhinelander, Wisconsin, it is mostly undivided surface road. As a state highway in the three states, US 8 is maintained by the Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan departments of transportation (Mn/DOT, WisDOT, MDOT, respectively).

The highway was originally commissioned on November 11, 1926, with the rest of the original U.S. Highway System. At the time, it ran between Forest Lake, Minnesota, and Pembine, Wisconsin, with a planned continuation to Powers, Michigan. Several changes have been made to the routing of the highway since then. The western end was extended south to Minneapolis before it was truncated back to Forest Lake. Other changes on the east end have moved that terminus from the originally planned end location at Powers to the current location in Norway. Internal Wisconsin and Michigan DOT map files at various times have shown plans to reroute the highway to connect to the original 1926 terminus. US 8's course through the three states has also been shifted to follow different alignments over the years.

WisDOT built a bypass around the city of Rhinelander in the 1990s and created a business loop along the old highway through the town. This loop was a locally maintained route through the central business district in Rhinelander. The signage for the loop was removed in 2005.

Route description

Forest Lake to St. Croix Falls

US 8 begins at an interchange with I-35 in Forest Lake. This interchange is incomplete: traffic can only access US 8 directly from northbound I-35, and westbound traffic on US 8 merges onto southbound I-35. The first one-mile (1.6 km) segment of roadway to Forest Lake is a freeway, with an interchange at US 61. East of this junction, the highway follows Lake Boulevard North around Forest Lake and continues northeasterly through the community to cross the Washington–Chisago county line. The highway continues to the northeast along farmland and the shore of Green Lake to Chisago City, where it meets up with County Road 22 (CR 22). US 8 follows Lake Boulevard through Chisago City along the isthmus between the larger Chisago Lake and the smaller Wallmark Lake on the eastern side of town. The highway turns along a more easterly path in Lindström between North and South Lindström lakes. East of those lakes, US 8 crosses into the town of Center City.[5][6]

In Center City, US 8 runs between North and South Center lakes, curving around the north shore of South Center Lake. On the eastern edge of town, it turns due east for several miles and runs through Shafer. US 8 merges with State Highway 95 (MN 95) at a roundabout about two miles (3.2 km) southwest of Taylors Falls. The two highways concurrently turn northeast along the St. Croix River, entering town. At this point, MN 95 continues north along the river while US 8 turns east to cross the St. Croix River, exiting the state of Minnesota into Wisconsin.[5][6]

Photograph of
Bridge carrying US 8 across the St. Croix River

Legally, the Minnesota section of US 8 is defined as Constitutional Route 46 and Legislative Route 98 in the Minnesota Statutes §§161.114(2) and 161.115(29); the roadway is not marked with those numbers.[7][8] The section of US 8 in Chisago County is officially designated the Moberg Trail.[9]

St. Croix Falls to Rhinelander

US 8 enters Polk County at St. Croix Falls as a multilane roadway. It joins State Highway 35 (WIS 35) at a diamond interchange located approximately one mile (1.6 km) from the state line. The two highways run concurrently for four miles (6.4 km) before WIS 35 turns off to the north at a location in the Town of St. Croix Falls west of Deer Lake. US 8 continues eastward through forest lands, and WIS 46 joins from the north for a four-mile (6.4 km) concurrency before splitting off to the south. Continuing eastward, US 8 passes through Range and crosses into Barron County at Turtle Lake. US 63 merges from the south near Turtle Lake and departs to the north in the downtown area. The roadway passes through Poskin and intersects WIS 25 in Barron. East of Barron, US 8 meets US 53 at a mixed diamond/cloverleaf interchange and turns north into Cameron, then turns east in downtown to leave the latter community. After a nine-mile (14 km) straightaway, the highway crosses into Rusk County, and then it continues due east for an additional five miles (8.0 km) before turning northeast and passing through Weyerhaeuser. Continuing northeasterly, the roadway crosses WIS 40 in Bruce. East of town, the highway continues through rural Rusk County, and US 8 meets WIS 27 in downtown Ladysmith.[10][11]

Photograph of
US 8 in Lincoln County, Wisconsin, near Tripoli

Upon leaving Ladysmith, US 8 passes through the communities of Tony, Glen Flora, Ingram (where it meets the northern terminus of WIS 73) and Hawkins on its way out of Rusk County. In Price County, US 8 passes through Kennan and Catawba. WIS 111 terminates at its south end on US 8 just east of Catawba. US 8 meets WIS 13 at a diamond interchange northwest of Prentice and passes north of the city. The highway passes through Brantwood and enters Lincoln County at Clifford. Further east, US 8 crosses Tripoli and McCord and runs north of Tomahawk as it passes through the Lake Nokomis area. US 51 crosses US 8 northeast of Tomahawk. US 8 turns northeast into Oneida County and onto a twisting northeasterly alignment. The highway passes through Woodboro and expands to a divided highway into Rhinelander. It merges with WIS 47 on the southwest side of Rhinelander. WIS 17 north joins the highways one-half mile (0.80 km) to the southeast, creating a wrong-way concurrency with WIS 47; along this section of highway, eastbound US 8 is also southbound WIS 47 and northbound WIS 17 and vice versa. WIS 17 turns to the north two miles (3.2 km) southeast of there, and US 8 and WIS 47 head eastbound out of the Rhinelander area.[10][11]

Rhinelander to Norway

US 8 intersects US 45 south in Monico, and WIS 47 splits from US 8 to follow US 45 south. Immediately east of the same intersection, US 45 north follows US 8 for one mile (1.6 km) before splitting to the north. US 8 enters Forest County five miles (8.0 km) east of Monico. Seven miles (11 km) into the county, the highway merges with WIS 32 from the north in Crandon and the two highways head east to Laona where US 8 turns north and WIS 32 turns south. US 8 turns east again at Cavour and passes through the community of Armstrong Creek one mile (1.6 km) from the Marinette County line. The highway passes through Goodman and Dunbar as it meanders through the county and joins US 141 at Pembine. The two routes split 10 miles (16 km) further north near Niagara; after the split, US 8 heads east. The highway takes a northward turn and heads across the Menominee River into Michigan near Pier's Gorge Park.[10][11]

Photograph of
Eastern terminus in Norway

Entering Michigan south of Norway at the Menominee River crossing in Norway Township, US 8 proceeds north into the city where it ends at US 2. US 8 in Michigan is 2.322 miles (3.737 km) long; in this segment, the road passes by the Dickinson County fairgrounds and Norway Speedway.[12][13]

History

20th century

Starting in 1918, the Wisconsin Highway Commission erected highway numbers along state-maintained roadways.[14] The highway across the state from St. Croix Falls to Armstrong Creek was numbered WIS 14 at that time. The remainder of what is now US 8 was unnumbered secondary highways, and WIS 14 continued north of Armstrong Creek to Florence.[15] When Michigan numbered its highway system the following year,[14] the future US 8 was not included in the system.[16] In Minnesota, US 8 would follow what was Constitutional Route 46, which was designated in a state constitutional amendment adopted on November 2, 1920;[7] that roadway originally ran between Forest Lake and Chisago City through Wyoming.[17]

Map
Rhinelander area, 1924, with WIS 14 highlighted in red

The first changes to the routings of the predecessor highways were made by Wisconsin by 1920. A series of curves were added between Turtle Lake and Barron adding "stair steps" to the routing while similar jogs were removed near Cameron, Weyerhauser, Hawkins and Prentice. WIS 14 was rerouted between Rhinelander and Pelican Lake to run via Monico, and WIS 38 (the future US 141) was extended northward from Wausaukee to terminate at the state line near Niagara.[18][19] The realignment between Rhinelander and Pelican Lake was shown as reversed by 1922.[20] By 1925, the highway in that area was again rerouted to run directly from Rhinelander to Monico, but instead of turning south to Pelican Lake, it was run directly to Crandon. That same year, WIS 14 was extended eastward from Armstrong Creek to Pembine and northward to Niagara. The north–south section, previously numbered WIS 38, was also redesignated as part of WIS 57.[21]

US 8 was created with the beginnings of the United States Numbered Highway System on November 26, 1926.[22] The highway was originally shown on maps running between Forest Lake, Minnesota and Powers, Michigan.[23] At the time, its planned routing was not previously designated as part of the State Trunkline Highway System in Michigan. The trunkline connection from Quinnesec south into Wisconsin was part of M-57, which met WIS 57 at the state line. US 8 ended at WIS 57 in Pembine at the time, with no connection into Michigan shown on official maps.[24] A map by the American Automobile Association does show the highway continuing east through Faithorn and Hermansville in Michigan to end at US 2.[25] The Wisconsin Highway Commission previously indicated an unnumbered state highway on their 1925 state map that connected Pembine with the Menominee River near Hermansville.[21] A later extension in 1927 moved US 8 to run along US 141, which had replaced WIS 57 and M-57, ending in Quinnesec at US 2.[26][27] By the next year, the highway was shifted to end in Norway, utilizing a separate crossing of the Menominee River to enter Michigan.[28]

In 1931, US 8 was extended south from Forest Lake into downtown Minneapolis.[29][30] West of the Rhinelander area, US 8 and US 51 overlapped for about eight miles (13 km) as US 8 jogged northward along US 51. This concurrency was altered in 1934,[31][32] and two years later the short east–west section of US 8/US 51 was removed when changes to US 51's routing were finished in the area.[33][34] A jog in the routing near Almena was removed in 1937 when Wisconsin rerouted the highway to a more direct alignment in the area.[34][35]

The last segment of US 8 in Wisconsin was paved in 1937 between Cavour and Armstrong Creek;[34][35] the highway in Minnesota was paved in its entirety by 1940.[36] Near Hawkins, a pair of sharp curves near the Rusk–Price county line were removed as the State Highway Commission realigned the highway to follow a straighter course.[37][38] The US 8/US 51 concurrency was altered the next year to a shorter overlap running southward near Heafford Junction. The former routing of US 8 was redesignated County Trunk Highway K (CTH-K) after it was transferred back to county control.[38][39]

Starting around the year 1955, US 8 was moved to a more direct routing between Forest Lake and Chisago City; US 8 replaced MN 98 along Legislative Route 98.[40][41] The former routing between Wyoming and Chisago City along Constitutional Route 46 was then redesignated MN 98 until it was decommissioned in the late 1990s.[42][43]

As late as 1959, the Michigan Department of Transportation still had plans to build the section of US 8 west of Hermansville to the Menominee River. The control section atlas published on January 1, 1959, showed this segment of highway on the Menominee County map, complete with a control section number. The section of highway is shown as "proposed" or "under construction".[44] However, a new bridge was built over the Menominee River to carry the highway across the Michigan–Wisconsin state line near Norway in 1966.[45] WisDOT still shows the section of highway needed in their state to extend US 8 to the original eastern terminus in Michigan on internal maps. The December 31, 2004, edition of their Official State Trunk Highway System Maps shows this section as a "mapped corridor".[46]

In the late 1970s, with ongoing construction and completion of the I-35W freeway in Minnesota, US 8 was routed along I-35W;[47] US 8 was truncated again by 1981 to its current terminus in Forest Lake.[48][49] The section in New Brighton is currently known as Old Highway 8.[50]

WisDOT built a bypass of the city of Rhinelander during the early 1990s; the new highway was constructed south of town as a new two-lane highway that opened to traffic by 1993.[51][52] The former route through downtown Rhinelander and near Clear and George lakes was redesignated as Business US 8 (Bus. US 8).[53]

21st century

Photograph of
Junction with US 51

In 2002, US 8 was widened from two lanes to four lanes with a grass median between North Rifle Road and WIS 47 near Rhinelander, Wisconsin. At the time, officials with WisDOT had plans to extend the four-lane divided highway as far west as US 51 near Tomahawk.[54] Problems related to wetlands in the construction area and bad weather pushed completion of the project back almost a year. Contractors had to install metal sheeting to stabilize the marshy ground. Originally scheduled to end in late 2002, the project did not finish until August 2003. The delays and additional work increased the price tag of the project from the original $4.5 million (equivalent to $6.5 million in 2016[55]) to $6.0 million (equivalent to $8.7 million in 2016[55]).[56] A section of the project was only designed for 45-mile-per-hour (72 km/h) speeds for safety reasons. The design also allowed planners to limit the amount of land needed for the expansion.[57]

Bill and Jerri Osberg sued the state and seven other parties in April 2003 over runoff from the construction, claiming that it killed hundreds of trees and polluted ponds on their property.[58] Later investigation uncovered damage to wildlife habitat in the Wisconsin River.[59] Included in the original lawsuit were six individual WisDOT employees, the primary contractor and a local pet supply company. The court of appeals partially upheld a ruling by the district court dismissing the employees and the contractor from the lawsuit in March 2006. The pet supply company was reinstated in the case by the appeals court.[60] The couple settled their claims, and the state pursued the matter against Pagel Construction in a related lawsuit. WisDOT alleged that the contractor did not follow proper erosion controls and failed to remediate the erosion damage to the Osbergs' property. The state wanted the construction company to forfeit their $70,000 retainer (equivalent to $101,000 in 2016[55]) and pay damages of $150,000 (equivalent to $179,000 in 2016)[55].[61] Pagel Construction faulted WisDOT's erosion control plan and said that the state's engineers controlled the project and was seeking the return of its retainer. In September 2007, a jury ruled in favor of Pagel Construction and awarded them $70,898.13 in damages (equivalent to $84,818.61 in 2016[55]).[61]

Future

WisDOT has completed the environmental studies on bypasses of Barron and Cameron in Barron County. These bypasses would form a continuous expressway through the area. No funding has been identified to complete the projects.[62] The entire length of US 8 in the state has been classified as a North Country Corridor in the Connections 2030 Plan by the department.[63] This designation marks the highway as a priority in "continued safety, enhanced mobility and efficiency" as well as "modernization to correct outdated infrastructure design".[64]

Major intersections

StateCountyLocationmi[lower-alpha 2]kmDestinationsNotes
MinnesotaWashingtonForest Lake0.0000.000 I-35 south – St. Paul, MinneapolisExit 132 on I-35; northbound exit to US 8 only
1.0541.696 US 61 (Forest Boulevard) – St. Paul, Wyoming
ChisagoChisago City7.31311.769 CSAH 36 / CSAH 22Former MN 98
Franconia–Shafer
township line		18.74530.167 MN 95 south – StillwaterWestern end of MN 95 concurrency
Taylors Falls22.02935.452 MN 95 north – North BranchEastern end of MN 95 concurrency
St. Croix River22.129
0.00		35.613
0.00		Minnesota–Wisconsin state line
WisconsinPolkSt. Croix Falls0.270.43 WIS 87 north – Grantsburg
0.771.24 WIS 35 south – OsceolaWestern end of WIS 35 concurrency; diamond interchange
Town of St. Croix Falls4.727.60 WIS 35 north – SuperiorEastern end of WIS 35 concurrency
Town of Balsam Lake7.9212.75 WIS 65 south – New Richmond
10.0216.13 WIS 46 north – Balsam LakeWestern end of WIS 46 concurrency
Town of Apple River14.4023.17 WIS 46 south – AmeryEastern end of WIS 46 concurrency
Town of Beaver23.6338.03 US 63 south – BaldwinWestern end of US 63 concurrency
BarronTurtle Lake24.9040.07 US 63 north – CumberlandEastern end of US 63 concurrency
Barron38.8962.59 WIS 25 south – MenomonieWestern end of WIS 25 concurrency
39.2863.22 WIS 25 north – Rice LakeEastern end of WIS 25 concurrency
Town of Stanley43.9470.71 US 53 – Eau Claire, Rice Lake, Superior
RuskBruce68.43110.13 WIS 40 north – RadissonWestern end of WIS 40 concurrency
69.04111.11 WIS 40 south – BloomerEastern end of WIS 40 concurrency
Ladysmith77.33124.45 WIS 27 – Cornell, Ojibwa
Town of Richland92.80149.35 WIS 73 south – Thorp
PriceTown of Catawba109.00175.42 WIS 111 north – Phillips
Town of Prentice117.76189.52 WIS 13 – Medford, Phillips, Park Falls
LincolnTown of Bradley149.94241.31 US 51 – Merrill, Wausau, IronwoodDiamond interchange; exit 234 on US 51
OneidaRhinelander164.13264.14 WIS 47 north (Kemp Street) – WoodruffWestern end of WIS 47 concurrency; Kemp Street is former Bus. US 8
164.31264.43 WIS 17 south – MerrillWestern end of WIS 17 concurrency
164.42264.61 WIS 17 north – Eagle RiverEastern end of WIS 17 concurrency
Town of Pelican170.19273.89 CTH-P westFormer Bus. US 8
Town of Monico178.34287.01 US 45 south / WIS 47 south – AntigoEastern end of WIS 47 concurrency; western end of US 45 concurrency
179.12288.27 US 45 north – Three Lakes, Eagle RiverEastern end of US 45 concurrency
ForestCrandon191.11307.56 WIS 32 north / WIS 55 north – Iron RiverNorthern end of WIS 32 / WIS 55 concurrency
191.61308.37 WIS 55 south – Keshena, ShawanoSouthern end of WIS 55 concurrency
Town of Laona202.98326.66 WIS 32 south – WabenoEastern end of WIS 32 concurrency
Town of Caswell210.51338.78 WIS 139 north – Iron RiverSouthern terminus of WIS 139
Town of Armstrong Creek220.28354.51 WIS 101 north – Florence
MarinetteTown of Pembine243.89392.50 US 141 south – Green BaySouthern end of US 141 concurrency
Town of Niagara253.41407.82 US 141 north – Niagara, Iron MountainNorthern end of US 141 concurrency
Menominee River255.55
0.000		411.27
0.000		Wisconsin–Michigan state line
MichiganDickinsonNorway2.3223.737 US 2 – Iron Mountain, Powers, Escanaba
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Business route


Business U.S. Highway 8
Location: Rhinelander, Wisconsin
Length: 7.1 mi[65] (11.4 km)
Existed: c. 1991[51][52]–July 1, 2005[66]

Business U.S. Highway 8 (Bus. US 8) in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, was a locally maintained business loop highway routing through the central business district of the city. The route was designated when US 8 was shifted to a bypass of downtown in the 1990s. The former routing of US 8 through the area was turned over to the city and county for maintenance. The local authorities erected signs along this route to designate it as a business loop of the main highway south of town.[53] The signs along the road were scheduled to be removed on July 1, 2005, when the business loop was to be redesignated CTH-P.[66]

Before the signage was removed, Bus. US 8 started at the western junction of US 8 and WIS 47. The business loop ran east from this intersection along Kemp Street, crossing the Wisconsin River north of the convergence with the Pelican River. The loop jogged north along Oneida Street for 3 blocks and turned east again on Lincoln Street. East of town, Bus. US 8 intersected WIS 17 and turned to the southeast. Outside of town, the business loop ran through wooded terrain and turned south near Clear Lake. Near the larger George Lake, the roadway curved back east along the lake's southern shore, running parallel to the main highway before turning south to connect to the main highway. At this intersection with US 8/WIS 47, the business loop ended after a total run of 7.1 miles (11.4 km).[65]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Total mileage is a summation of the state mileages.[1][2][3]
  2. ↑ Mileposts reset at state line crossings.[1][2][3]

References

  1. 1 2 Minnesota Department of Transportation (August 14, 2014). "Statewide Trunk Logpoint Listing" (PDF). St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
  2. 1 2 Wisconsin State Trunk Highway Logs:
    • Wisconsin Department of Transportation Region 3 (May 14, 2009). State Trunk Highway Log for Region 3. Green Bay: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. pp. 1–4.
    • Wisconsin Department of Transportation Region 4 (December 31, 2008). State Trunk Highway Log for Region 4 (XLS). Rhinelander: Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
    • Wisconsin Department of Transportation Region 5 (May 14, 2009). State Trunk Highway Log for Region 5. Eau Claire: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. pp. 30–50.
  3. 1 2 Michigan Department of Transportation & Michigan Center for Shared Solutions and Technology Partnerships (2009). MDOT Physical Reference Finder Application (Map). Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
  4. ↑ McNichol, Dan (2006). The Roads that Built America. New York: Sterling. p. 74. ISBN 1-4027-3468-9. OCLC 63377558.
  5. 1 2 Minnesota Department of Transportation (2013). Explore Minnesota: Official Minnesota State Highway Map (PDF) (Map) (2013–14 ed.). [1:1,000,000]. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Transportation. §§ K15–L15. OCLC 5673160, 80405240, 870470241.
  6. 1 2 Google (May 11, 2010). "Overview Map of US 8 in Minnesota" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  7. 1 2 Minnesota State Legislature (2009). "§ 161.114, Constitutional Trunk Highways". Minnesota Statutes. Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  8. ↑ Minnesota State Legislature (2009). "§ 161.115, Additional Trunk Highways". Minnesota Statutes. Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  9. ↑ Minnesota State Legislature (2009). "§ 161.14, Names and Designations of Certain Highways". Minnesota Statutes. Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  10. 1 2 3 Wisconsin Department of Transportation (2013). Official State Highway Map (Map) (2013–14 ed.). 1:823,680. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. §§ B4–I4.
  11. 1 2 3 Google (May 11, 2010). "Overview Map of US 8 in Wisconsin" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  12. ↑ Michigan Department of Transportation (2013). Pure Michigan: State Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:975,000. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. § D5. OCLC 42778335, 861227559.
  13. ↑ Google (December 27, 2007). "Overview Map of US 8 in Michigan" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
  14. 1 2 "Michigan May Do Well Following Wisconsin's Road Marking System". The Grand Rapids Press. September 20, 1919. p. 10. OCLC 9975013.
  15. ↑ Wisconsin Highway Commission (1918). Official Map of the State Trunk Highway System of Wisconsin (Map). [c. 1:1,010,000]. Madison: Wisconsin Highway Commission. §§ A6–N6. OCLC 38871736, 69119995. Retrieved November 14, 2010 – via Wisconsin Historical Society.
  16. ↑ Michigan State Highway Department (July 1, 1919). State of Michigan (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Upper Peninsula sheet. OCLC 15607244. Retrieved December 18, 2016 – via Michigan State University Libraries.
  17. ↑ Minnesota Highway Department & McGill-Warner (1926). Map of Trunk Highway System, State of Minnesota (Map). 1:760,320. St. Paul: Minnesota Highway Department. §§ M16–N17. OCLC 5673160, 80405240. (Showing road conditions as of April 1, 1926)
  18. ↑ Wisconsin Highway Commission (1919). Official Map of the State Trunk Highway System of Wisconsin (Map). [c. 1:1,010,000]. Madison: Wisconsin Highway Commission. §§ A7–N8. OCLC 829862961, 911138596.
  19. ↑ Wisconsin Highway Commission (1920). Official Map of the State Trunk Highway System of Wisconsin (Map). Scale not given. Madison: Wisconsin Highway Commission. pp. 22–7. §§ 5–6. OCLC 5673515.
  20. ↑ Wisconsin Highway Commission (1922). Official Map of the State Trunk Highway System of Wisconsin (Map). Scale not given. Madison: Wisconsin Highway Commission. pp. 22–7. §§ 5–6.
  21. 1 2 Wisconsin Highway Commission (1925). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:950,400. Madison: Wisconsin Highway Commission. OCLC 829937616.
  22. ↑ Weingroff, Richard F. (January 9, 2009). "From Names to Numbers: The Origins of the U.S. Numbered Highway System". Highway History. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
  23. ↑ Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved November 7, 2013 – via Wikimedia Commons.
  24. ↑ Michigan State Highway Department (December 1, 1927). Official Highway Service Map (Map). [c. 1:810,000]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. OCLC 12701195, 79754957.
  25. ↑ Detroit Automobile Club & American Automobile Association (1927). Official Highway Map of Michigan (Map). [1:800,000]. Detroit: Detroit Automobile Club. §§ I6–J6. OCLC 64393035.
  26. ↑ Wisconsin Highway Commission (1927). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:950,400. Madison: Wisconsin Highway Commission.
  27. ↑ Wisconsin Highway Commission (1928). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:950,400. Madison: Wisconsin Highway Commission.
  28. ↑ Michigan State Highway Department (May 1, 1929). Official Highway Service Map (Map). [c. 1:810,000]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. OCLC 12701195, 79754957.
  29. ↑ Minnesota Highway Department & McGill-Warner (1931). Map of Trunk Highway System, State of Minnesota (Map). 1:760,320. St. Paul: Minnesota Highway Department. §§ M16–N17. OCLC 5673160, 80405240. Retrieved September 28, 2010 – via Minnesota Digital Library. (Showing road conditions as of April 1, 1931)
  30. ↑ Minnesota Highway Department & McGill-Warner (1932). Map of Trunk Highway System, State of Minnesota (Map). 1:760,320. St. Paul: Minnesota Highway Department. §§ M16–N17. OCLC 5673160, 80405240. Retrieved September 28, 2010 – via Minnesota Digital Library. (Showing road conditions as of April 1, 1932)
  31. ↑ Wisconsin Highway Commission (1934). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:823,680. Madison: Wisconsin Highway Commission.
  32. ↑ State Highway Commission of Wisconsin (January 1935). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:823,680. Madison: State Highway Commission of Wisconsin. § F4.
  33. ↑ State Highway Commission of Wisconsin (January 1936). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:823,680. Madison: State Highway Commission of Wisconsin. § F4.
  34. 1 2 3 State Highway Commission of Wisconsin (March 2, 1937). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:823,680. Madison: State Highway Commission of Wisconsin. §§ F4, H4.
  35. 1 2 State Highway Commission of Wisconsin (January 1, 1938). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:823,680. Madison: State Highway Commission of Wisconsin. § H4.
  36. ↑ Minnesota Department of Highways (1940). Map of Minnesota Trunk Highway System (Map) (Advance ed.). Scale not given. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Highways. §§ M16–N17. OCLC 5673160, 80405240. Retrieved September 28, 2010 – via Minnesota Digital Library. (Showing road conditions as of January 1, 1940)
  37. ↑ State Highway Commission of Wisconsin (January 1947). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:887,040. Madison: State Highway Commission of Wisconsin. §§ D4–E4.
  38. 1 2 State Highway Commission of Wisconsin (January 1948). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:887,040. Madison: State Highway Commission of Wisconsin. §§ D4–F4. OCLC 232303069.
  39. ↑ State Highway Commission of Wisconsin (January 1949). Official Highway Map of Wisconsin (Map). 1:887,040. Madison: State Highway Commission of Wisconsin. § F4.
  40. ↑ Minnesota Department of Highways & H.M. Gousha (1954). Official Road Map of Minnesota Showing the State Highway System and Main Secondary Roads (Map). Scale not given. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Highways. §§ M16–N17. OCLC 5673160, 80405240. Retrieved November 14, 2010 – via Minnesota Digital Library. (Showing road conditions as of January 1, 1954)
  41. ↑ Minnesota Department of Highways & H.M. Gousha (1956). Official Road Map of Minnesota Showing the State Highway System and Main Secondary Roads (Map). 1:760,320. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Highways. §§ M16–N17. OCLC 5673160, 80405240, 381173598. Retrieved November 14, 2010 – via Minnesota Digital Library.
  42. ↑ Minnesota Department of Transportation (1995). Explore Minnesota: Official State Highway Map (Map) (1995–96 ed.). [1:980,000]. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Transportation. §§ J15–K16. OCLC 5673160, 80405240, 39718472. Retrieved November 14, 2010 – via Minnesota Digital Library.
  43. ↑ Minnesota Department of Transportation (1997). Explore Minnesota: Official State Highway Map (Map) (1997–98 ed.). [1:1,000,000]. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Transportation. §§ J15–K16. OCLC 5673160, 80405240, 52480368. Retrieved November 14, 2010 – via Minnesota Digital Library.
  44. ↑ Michigan State Highway Department (January 1, 1959). "Menominee County" (Map). Control Section Atlas. Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department.
  45. ↑ Federal Highway Administration (2012). "NBI Structure Number: 2190". National Bridge Inventory. Federal Highway Administration.
  46. ↑ Wisconsin Department of Transportation (December 31, 2004). "Marinette County" (Map). Official State Trunk Highway System Maps. Scale not given. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
  47. ↑ Minnesota Department of Transportation (1977). Official Highway Map Minnesota (Map) (1977–78 ed.). Scale not given. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Transportation. Metropolitan St. Paul–Minneapolis inset. OCLC 5673160, 80405240, 4448315. Retrieved November 14, 2010 – via Minnesota Digital Library.
  48. ↑ Minnesota Department of Transportation (1979). Minnesota, Lakes and a Whole Lot More: Official Transportation Map Minnesota (Map) (1979–80 ed.). 1:1,137,760. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Transportation. §§ K14–J165. OCLC 5673160, 80405240. Retrieved November 14, 2010 – via Minnesota Digital Library.
  49. ↑ Minnesota Department of Transportation (1981). Minnesota, Lakes and a Whole Lot More: Official Transportation Map Minnesota (Map) (1981–82 ed.). 1:1,137,760. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Transportation. §§ K14–J165. OCLC 5673160, 80405240. Retrieved November 14, 2010 – via Minnesota Digital Library.
  50. ↑ Google (September 28, 2010). "New Brighton, MN" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
  51. 1 2 Wisconsin Department of Transportation Division of Highways (1991). Wisconsin Highway Map (Map) (1991–92 ed.). 1:823,680. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. § F4. OCLC 25418391, 781234246, 27016238.
  52. 1 2 Wisconsin Department of Transportation Division of Highways (1993). Wisconsin Highway Map (Map) (1993–94 ed.). 1:823,680. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. § F4. OCLC 316818757.
  53. 1 2 Wisconsin Department of Transportation (January 2002). Oneida County (Map). 1:100,000. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
  54. ↑ Youngstrum, Daryl (April 28, 2002). "Highway 8, Highway 47 Targeted for Improvements this Summer". The Daily News. Rhinelander, WI. pp. 1, 3. ISSN 0746-5866. OCLC 52062411.
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 United States nominal Gross Domestic Product per capita figures follow the Measuring Worth series supplied in Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2017). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved July 28, 2017. These are the figures as of 2016.
  56. ↑ Acheson, Dean S. (August 3, 2003). "Highway 8 Project Basically Complete". The Daily News. Rhinelander, WI. p. 1. ISSN 0746-5866. OCLC 52062411.
  57. ↑ "Reduced Speed Limit Based on Traffic Safety". The Daily News. Rhinelander, WI. August 21, 2003. p. 1. ISSN 0746-5866. OCLC 52062411.
  58. ↑ Schaefer, Heather (August 25, 2007). "Contamination Lawsuit Trudges Forward". The Daily News. Rhinelander, WI. pp. 1A, 3A. ISSN 0746-5866. OCLC 52062411.
  59. ↑ Schaefer, Heather (July 29, 2004). "Judge Wants Parties to Negotiate Alleged Contamination Case". The Daily News. Rhinelander, WI. pp. 1, 3. ISSN 0746-5866. OCLC 52062411. Archived from the original on August 4, 2004. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  60. ↑ Schaefer, Heather (August 20, 2006). "Land Dispute Goes to Trial Next Year". The Daily News. Rhinelander, WI. pp. 1A, 7A. ISSN 0746-5866. OCLC 52062411.
  61. 1 2 "Jury Rules State Breached Agreement with Contractor on Highway 8 Project". The Daily News. Rhinelander, WI. September 29, 2007. pp. 1A, 3A. ISSN 0746-5866. OCLC 52062411.
  62. ↑ Northwest Transportation Region (March 5, 2010). "US 8 Environmental Impact Statement". Superior, WI: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  63. ↑ Wisconsin Department of Transportation (October 2009). "Appendix A: Finding Your Way with the Connections 2030 Statewide System-Level Priority Corridors" (PDF). Connections 2030 Statewide Long-Range Transportation Plan. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. p. A-2. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  64. ↑ Wisconsin Department of Transportation (October 2009). "Chapter 1: Introduction" (PDF). Connections 2030 Statewide Long-Range Transportation Plan. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. pp. 1–1, 1–2. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  65. 1 2 Google (May 11, 2008). "Overview Map of U.S. Route 8 Business in Rhinelander, Wisconsin" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 11, 2008.
  66. 1 2 "Business Highway 8 To Be Renamed County Highway P". The Daily News. Rhinelander, WI. August 30, 2004. p. 1. ISSN 0746-5866. OCLC 52062411. Archived from the original on September 18, 2004. Retrieved November 15, 2010.

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