U.S. Route 1/9

U.S. Route 1/9 marker

U.S. Route 1/9

Map of New York City and northern New Jersey with US 1/9 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by NJDOT, PANYNJ, and NYSDOT
Length: 31.01 mi[1][2] (49.91 km)
Existed: 1926 – present
Major junctions
South end: US 1 / US 9 in Woodbridge Township
  Route 35 in Woodbridge Township
I-278 in Linden
Route 81 in Elizabeth
US 22 / Route 21 in Newark
I-78 in Newark
Route 139 in Jersey City
Route 3 / Route 495 in North Bergen
US 46 in Palisades Park
I-95 / N.J. Turnpike / US 9W / Route 4 / Palisades Parkway in Fort Lee
North end: I-95 / US 1 / US 9 in Manhattan, New York
Location
States: New Jersey, New York
Counties: NJ: Middlesex, Union, Essex, Hudson, Bergen
NY: New York
Highway system
← I-895US 1Route 1 →
← Route 8US 9Route 9 →

U.S. Route 1/9 (US 1/9) is the 31.01-mile (49.91 km) long concurrency of US 1 and US 9 from their junction in Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey north to New York City. The route is a multilane road, with some freeway portions, that runs through urbanized areas of northern New Jersey adjacent to New York City. Throughout most of its length in New Jersey, the road runs near the New Jersey Turnpike/Interstate 95 (I-95). In Fort Lee, US 1/9 merges onto I-95 and crosses the Hudson River on the George Washington Bridge, where the two U.S. routes split a short distance into New York. US 1/9 intersects several major roads, including I-278 in Linden, Route 81 in Elizabeth, I-78 and US 22 in Newark, Route 139 in Jersey City, Route 3 and Route 495 in North Bergen, and US 46 in Palisades Park. Between Newark and Jersey City, US 1/9 runs along the Pulaski Skyway. Trucks are banned from this section of road and must use US 1/9 Truck. The concurrency between US 1 and US 9 is commonly referred to as "1 and 9".[3][4] Some signage for the concurrency, as well as the truck route, combines the two roads into one shield, separated by a hyphen (1-9) or an ampersand (1&9).[5][6]

The current alignment of US 1/9 south of Elizabeth was planned as pre-1927 Route 1 in 1916; this road was extended to the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City in 1922. When the U.S. Highway System was created in 1926, US 1 and US 9 were marked concurrent through northern New Jersey between Rahway on the current alignments of Route 27 and US 1/9 Truck. In 1927, pre-1927 Route 1 became Route 25, and Route 1 and Route 6 were legislated along the current US 1/9 north of Jersey City. US 1/9 originally went to the Holland Tunnel on Route 25; after the George Washington Bridge opened the two routes were realigned to their current routing north of Jersey City. After the Pulaski Skyway opened in 1932, US 1/9 and Route 25 were routed to use this road, which soon had a truck ban resulting in the creation of Route 25T (now US 1/9 Truck). South of Newark, US 1/9 was moved from Route 27 to Route 25. In 1953, the state highways running concurrent with US 1/9 in New Jersey were removed. In 1964, the approaches to the George Washington Bridge were upgraded into I-95.

Route description

Middlesex County

View north from the south end of the US 1 and US 9 concurrency

US 1 and US 9 begin their concurrency at a directional interchange in Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County.[1] US 1 comes from the southwest, where it serves the city of New Brunswick and Edison Township, while US 9 comes from the south, a short distance to the north of an interchange with the New Jersey Turnpike (I-95) and the Garden State Parkway. The combined US 1/9 runs northeast through business areas as a six-lane divided highway, coming to a partial cloverleaf interchange with Route 35 a short distance after the merge. From this interchange, the road continues as a surface road with some jughandles, passing over New Jersey Transit’s North Jersey Coast Line.[1][7]

Union County

A short distance later, US 1/9 crosses into Rahway, Union County, where the road crosses the Rahway River before intersecting CR 514 in the southbound direction.[1] The highway turns more northeast, becoming known as Edgar Road in Linden. In Linden, US 1/9 passes through a mix of industrial and business areas, crossing under a Conrail Shared Assets Operations railroad line before passing between the Linden Airport and the former Linden Assembly plant used by General Motors to the west. Following the intersection with CR 615, the road enters more urbanized areas of homes and businesses. After passing near a couple of cemeteries, the highway runs to the west of the Bayway Refinery before passing under another Conrail Shared Assets Operations railroad line.[1][7] After this bridge, US 1/9 meets the western terminus of I-278 at a partial interchange with a northbound exit and southbound entrance from US 1/9.[1] Past this interchange, US 1/9 continues into Elizabeth, where it intersects Route 439 at the Bayway Circle, which has been modified to allow US 1/9 to run straight through. At this point, US 1/9 splits from Edgar Road.[1][7] From the Bayway Circle, the road turns more to the east before making a sharp turn to the north-northeast and crossing the Elizabeth River on a skyway, which ends at the intersection with Jersey Street. The road continues north through urban neighborhoods as Spring Street, passing under another Conrail Shared Assets Operations line. The highway reaches an intersection with CR 624, at which point US 1/9 turns into a freeway with a local-express lane configuration, carrying two local lanes and two express lanes in each direction for a total of eight lanes.[1] The freeway comes to an interchange with the northern terminus of Route 81 and it continues around the west side of Newark Liberty International Airport.[1][7]

Essex and Hudson counties

A multilane freeway approaching a bridge. In the foreground, there are two overhead green signs with the one on the left reading U.S. Route 1/U.S. Route 9 north Pulaski Skyway No Trucks next left and the one on the right reading Truck U.S. Route 1/U.S. Route 9 north New Jersey Turnpike Interstate 95 N.J. Turnpike
Northbound U.S. Route 1/9 at the beginning of U.S. Route 1/9 Truck in Newark, with sign noting "No Trucks" on the approach to the Pulaski Skyway

The US 1/9 freeway continues into Newark, Essex County, with several ramps providing access to the airport as well as to McClellan Street and Haynes Avenue. At the north end of the airport property, the road reaches the large Newark Airport Interchange, where it has connections to I-78, US 22 westbound, and Route 21 northbound. Within this interchange, US 1/9 first has ramps to I-78, US 22, and Route 21 before turning east to parallel I-78 briefly prior to having more connections to I-78 as well as to Port Newark.[1][7] Past the I-78 crossing, US 1/9 continues north, with the lanes splitting as it passes over the Conrail Shared Assets Operations Oak Island Yard before coming to a northbound exit and southbound entrance with Delancey Street and South Street.[1] The freeway continues through industrial areas as it comes to a southbound exit and northbound entrance for Wilson Avenue.[1][7] Following this interchange, the directions of US 1/9 rejoin as the freeway continues northeast, with a Conrail Shared Assets Operations line running closely parallel to the northwest of the road.[1] The local-express lane configuration of US 1/9 ends at an interchange with US 1/9 Truck and Raymond Boulevard that provides access to the New Jersey Turnpike (I-95). At this point, US 1/9 becomes the four-lane divided Pulaski Skyway.[1][7] Trucks are banned from using the Pulaski Skyway and have to use US 1/9 Truck to bypass it.[8]

A ramp at a traffic light with a set of two overhead green signs. The one on the left reads U.S. Route 1/U.S, Route 9 north Lincoln Tunnel with two arrows pointing to the lower left and the one on the right reading Hoboken Holland Tunnel with a down arrow and an arrow pointing to the lower right.
The Tonnele Circle as viewed from the north end of US 1/9 Truck
Near the ramps constructed in 2012, which allow traffic to by-pass the Tonnele Circle

The Pulaski Skyway carries US 1/9 between Newark and Jersey City, crossing the Passaic River into Kearny, Hudson County and the Hackensack River into Jersey City.[1][7] At the east end of the Pulaski Skyway, US 1/9 reaches the Tonnele Circle, where it intersects the north end of US 1/9 Truck as well as the western terminus of Route 139. Here, US 1/9 head north on four-lane divided surface road called Tonnelle Avenue,[1] named for local landowner and politician John Tonnele.[9] The road passes over a New Jersey Transit line and then a Conrail Shared Assets Operations line before running through urban areas.[1][7] It turns more to the north-northeast before reaching an interchange with CR 678. At this point, US 1/9 crosses into North Bergen.[1] In this area, the road crosses over Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor and coming to a channelized intersection with the eastern terminus of Route 3 that also provides access to eastbound Route 495.[1][7] A short distance later, US 1/9 becomes a four-lane undivided road and reaches a partial interchange with Route 495; the only direct connection available is a ramp from westbound Route 495 to southbound US 1/9. After this, the road comes to a diamond interchange with CR 676 and CR 681.[1] From this point, US 1/9 continues north-northeast, crossing New Jersey Transit’s Hudson-Bergen Light Rail near the line’s northern terminus at the Tonnelle Avenue station.[1][7] Past this station, the road runs to the east of a railroad yard, still lined with businesses.[7]

Bergen County

A four-lane freeway in an urbanized area. An overhead sign in the distance reads To George Washington Bridge with a blank variable message sign below it.
US 1/9/46 in Palisades Park approaching the George Washington Bridge

US 1/9 continues into Fairview, Bergen County, where the name changes to Broad Avenue. Shortly after entering Fairview, the route passes over a New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway line, where it is briefly a divided highway.[1] Turning north, the road passes more suburban areas before continuing into Ridgefield. In Ridgefield, US 1/9 becomes a divided highway prior to intersecting Route 93. The median ends after this intersection, and the road turns northeast into mostly residential neighborhoods with a few businesses, intersecting the western terminus of Route 5.[1][7] Past Route 5, US 1/9 continues into Palisades Park, where it reaches an interchange with US 46.[1]

A grayscale photo of a four lane undivided road on a bridge
1941 photo of the Pulaski Skyway

At this point, US 1/9 turns east off Broad Avenue to merge onto US 46, which is a four-lane freeway.[1] This freeway makes a sharp turn to the north-northeast and has partial interchanges at both ends of the 5th Street and 6th Street frontage roads, which parallel the freeway through residential areas and provide access to CR 501. US 1/9/46 continue into Fort Lee, where it has access to a couple commercial areas before encountering the northern terminus of Route 63 at a westbound exit and eastbound entrance. From here, the highway becomes a surface road that continues past more businesses and homes, angling northeast as it comes to an exit for Main Street.[1][7] Immediately past this point, the road turns east and encounters a complex interchange with I-95, the eastern terminus of Route 4, and the southern terminus of US 9W.[1] Here, US 1/9/46 all join I-95 and continue to the southeast along a multilane freeway with local-express lane configuration consisting of four local lanes and four express lanes in each direction, passing numerous high-rise buildings as it heads east to the George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River.[7][10]

New York City

At the New Jersey/New York border on the bridge, US 46 ends and I-95 and US 1/9 continue into the borough of Manhattan in New York City and onto the Trans-Manhattan Expressway.[7][10] After an interchange with NY 9A/Henry Hudson Parkway, the freeway runs under a tunnel near high-rise residential buildings in the Washington Heights neighborhood before coming to an interchange with Broadway at the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal.[7] At this point, the US 1/9 concurrency ends, with US 9 heading north on Broadway and I-95 and US 1 continuing east toward The Bronx.[2][7]

Alternative signage methods for the concurrency:
Left - Separate shields
Upper right - Combined using an ampersand, mostly phased out
Lower right - Combined using a dash, mostly new signage

History

What is now the US 1/9 concurrency between Woodbridge and Elizabeth was first legislated as the northernmost part of pre-1927 Route 1 in 1916, a route that was to continue south to Trenton. In 1922, an extension of Route 1 was legislated to continue north from Elizabeth to the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City.[11][12] This extension was planned to be the first superhighway in the United States, with much of it opening in 1928.[13] As a result of the creation of the U.S. Highway System in 1926, US 1 and US 9 were designated through northern New Jersey, sharing a concurrency from the current intersection of Route 27 and Route 35 in Rahway and continuing north on present-day Route 27 (then a part of pre-1927 Route 1) to Newark, then turning east, eventually following what is now US 1/9 Truck toward Jersey City, where US 1 was to head for the Holland Tunnel and US 9 was to turn north to run near the west bank of the Hudson River.[14][15][16] A year later, in the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering, pre-1927 Route 1 between New Brunswick and Elizabeth became part of Route 27 while the Route 1 Extension became part of Route 25. In addition, the current alignment of US 1/9 between the Tonnele Circle and Fort Lee, which at the time was a part of US 9, became part of Route 1 while the approach to the George Washington Bridge became a part of Route 6.[17][18]

In 1932, the Pulaski Skyway was opened to traffic, and US 1/9 were designated to use it along with Route 25.[19] Two years later, trucks were banned from the Pulaski Skyway, and a truck bypass of the structure called Route 25T was created.[20][21] By the 1930s, US 1/9 was moved to follow Route 25 south to Woodbridge instead of Route 27.[22] By the 1940s, the US 1/9 alignment was moved to its current location north the Tonnele Circle, following Route 1 and Route 6 to the George Washington Bridge into New York City. In the vicinity of the George Washington Bridge, the route also ran concurrent with US 46.[19] In addition, US 9 was built to connect to US 1 in Woodbridge on its current alignment (then designated Route 35) instead of using Route 4 (the current Route 35).[23][24]

In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering, the state highways running concurrent with US 1/9 were removed, while Route 25T became US 1/9 Truck and Route 25 between the Tonnele Circle and the Holland Tunnel became US 1/9 Business (now Route 139).[25][26] In 1964, the US 1/9 approaches to the George Washington Bridge, which were shared with US 46 on the New Jersey side, were rebuilt into a freeway that became a part of I-95.[27] Between February 2006 and November 2008, the cloverleaf interchange with Route 35 in Woodbridge Township, which was the first cloverleaf interchange in the United States built in 1929 when this portion of US 1/9 was a part of Route 25, was replaced with a partial cloverleaf interchange, costing $34 million.[28][29][30]

In 2013, Route 1/9 was one of two main thoroughfares in Hudson County (the other being Kennedy Boulevard) that were listed among the Tri-State Transportation Campaign's list of the top ten most dangerous roads for pedestrians in New Jersey, New York and Connecticut. Route 1/9, which tied for the #10 place on the list, was cited for the five pedestrian fatalities that occurred on it from 2009 to 2011.[31]

Major intersections

Mileposts in New Jersey follow the consecutive mileposts from US 1.[1]

StateCountyLocationmi
[1][2][10]		kmExitDestinationsNotes
New JerseyMiddlesexWoodbridge Township35.8957.76 US 1 south – Trenton
US 9 south – Shore Points		Interchange; US 9 MP 136.25;
southern terminus of US 1-9 concurrency
36.4258.61 Route 35 – The Amboys, RahwayInterchange
37.7660.77South Inman Avenue / Rodgers StreetInterchange
UnionRahway38.8562.52 CR 514 (Lawrence Street) – Rahway, WoodbridgeInterchange; southbound exit and entrance
Linden42.3068.08 I-278 east to N.J. Turnpike / I-95 – Goethals Bridge, Staten IslandInterchange; western terminus of I-278;
northbound exit and southbound entrance
Elizabeth43.1169.38 Route 439 (Bayway) – Roselle, Plainfield, Staten Island, Goethals BridgeBayway Circle
North Avenue (CR 624) to I-95 / N.J. Turnpike
Southern terminus of freeway
45.7373.60 Route 81 south to N.J. Turnpike / I-95 / Dowd Avenue – Elizabeth SeaportNorthbound exit is via North Avenue
46.0074.03 Newark Liberty International AirportSouthbound exit and entrance via local lanes
EssexNewark46.2874.48McClellan StreetAccess via local lanes
46.7575.24 Newark Liberty International AirportAccess via local lanes
47.1075.80 I-78 to N.J. Turnpike / I-95 / G.S. Parkway – Clinton, Holland Tunnel, New York CityNorthbound exit and southbound entrance; exit 57 on I-78
47.3576.20Haynes Avenue
47.6476.67 US 22 west – HillsideEastern terminus of US 22
47.8476.99 Route 21 north – Downtown NewarkSouthern terminus of Route 21
48.0077.25 South AreaNorthbound exit and entrance
Executive DriveSouthbound exit and entrance
48.6078.21 Port Newark, North Area, South Area
48.9078.70 I-78 east to N.J. Turnpike / I-95Exit 14 on I-95 / Turnpike
49.0078.86Frontage Road
49.5579.74Delancey Street – NewarkNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
49.9180.32Wilson Avenue – NewarkSouthbound exit and northbound entrance
51.4382.77
US 1-9 Truck north to I-95 / N.J. Turnpike		Northbound exit and southbound entrance
51.4382.77Raymond Boulevard – NewarkSouthbound exit and southbound entrance
Passaic River51.8583.44Pulaski Skyway
HudsonKearny52.3384.22South KearnyTemporary closed during Skyway reconstruction
Hackensack River53.0685.39Pulaski Skyway
Jersey City54.0086.90BroadwayTemporary closed during Skyway reconstruction
54.6187.89 Route 139 east – Hoboken, Holland TunnelWestern terminus of Route 139
Northern terminus of freeway
Tonnele Avenue – Jersey CityTonnele Circle

US 1-9 Truck south to Route 7 west		Interchange; northern terminus of US 1-9 Truck; southbound exit and northbound entrance
56.2490.51Secaucus Road (CR 678) – Jersey CityInterchange
North Bergen57.2792.17 Route 3 west to I-95 / N.J. Turnpike / Route 495 east – Clifton, Lincoln TunnelNo northbound entrance; eastern terminus of Route 3
57.7492.92Paterson Plank Road (CR 681) / West Side Avenue / Union Turnpike (CR 676)Interchange
BergenRidgefield62.14100.00 Route 93 north (Grand Avenue)No access from US 1-9 south or to US 1-9 north
62.52100.62 Route 5 eastWestern terminus of Route 5
Palisades Park62.80101.07 US 46 west to I-95 / N.J. TurnpikeInterchange; southern terminus of concurrency with US 46
63.51102.21 CR 501 (East Central Boulevard) – Palisades ParkInterchange, access provided by 5th and 6th Streets
Fort Lee63.95102.92 Route 63 south (Bergen Boulevard)Interchange; southbound exit and northbound entrance; northern terminus of Route 63
64.49103.79Main Street (CR 56) – Fort Lee, LeoniaInterchange
64.88104.41South end of freeway
– US 9W to Palisades Parkway – Fort LeeSouthbound exit is via exit 72
– I-95 south / N.J. Turnpike south to I-80 / Route 4Southern terminus of concurrency with I-95; southbound exit and northbound entrance
65.30105.0972 US 9W north to Palisades Parkway / Route 67 – Fort LeeSigned as exit 73 southbound
65.46105.3573 US 9W north / Route 67 south (Lemoine Avenue) / Hudson Terrace / Center Avenue – Fort LeeSouthbound exit and northbound entrance from the express lanes only
George Washington Bridge Toll Plaza
(Eastbound toll, cash or E-ZPass)
65.60105.5774 Palisades Parkway northSouthbound exit and northbound exit from the express lanes
Hudson River66.06
0.00		106.31
0.00		George Washington Bridge
(Eastern terminus of US 46 at state line)
New YorkNew YorkNew York0.550.891A NY 9A / Henry Hudson Parkway / West 181st StreetNorthern terminus of US 1-9 concurrency; southbound exit and northbound entrance to US 9
US 9 north (West 178th Street)
0.841.35– I-95 north / US 1 north to I-87Continuation beyond US 9
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 "US 1 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  2. 1 2 3 "Traffic Volume Report for New York County" (PDF). New York State Department of Transportation. 2003. Retrieved 2009-12-05.
  3. ↑ "Route 1 and 9 Merge". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2009-12-05.
  4. ↑ Meagher, Thomas (August 10, 2009). "Linden crash on Routes 1 and 9 injures driver, causes traffic delays". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved 2009-12-05.
  5. ↑ Signage for US 1/9, NJ 21, US 22, and I-78 in Newark. Retrieved on 2009-12-05.
  6. ↑ Signage for US 1/9 Truck along NJ 7. Retrieved on 2009-12-05.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Google (2009-12-05). "overview of U.S. Route 1/9" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2009-12-05.
  8. ↑ "Traffic Regulations: Route 1 and 9, The Pulaski Skyway". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  9. ↑ Miller, Jonathon (July 18, 2004). "ROAD AND RAIL; Lipstick On a Pig". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  10. 1 2 3 "Interstate 95 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  11. ↑ 1916 Annual Report (Report). New Jersey Department of Transportation. 1916.
  12. ↑ State of New Jersey, Laws of 1922, Chapter 253.
  13. ↑ "Jersey's Super Road to Be Opened Today" (Fee required). The New York Times. December 16, 1928. p. XX12.
  14. ↑ Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved November 7, 2013 – via University of North Texas Libraries.
  15. ↑ Map of New Jersey (south) (Map). Tydol Trails. 1927. Retrieved March 30, 2009.
  16. ↑ Map of New Jersey (north) (Map). Tydol Trails. 1927. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
  17. ↑ State of New Jersey, Laws of 1927, Chapter 319.
  18. ↑ 1927 New Jersey Road Map (Map). State of New Jersey. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
  19. 1 2 Rand McNally Road Atlas (Map). Rand McNally. 1946. p. 42. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  20. ↑ "Skyway Truck Ban Approved by State" (Fee required). The New York Times. January 24, 1932. p. 19.
  21. ↑ "Jersey Renumbered". The New York Times. December 28, 1952. p. X15.
  22. ↑ Map of Pennsylvania and New Jersey (Map). Mid-West Map Co. 1937. Retrieved 2009-03-29.
  23. ↑ Map of Pennsylvania and New Jersey (Map). Cartography by H.M. Gousha. Mid-West Map Co. 1941. Retrieved 2009-03-29.
  24. ↑ Newark, New Jersey 1:250,000 quadrangle (Map). United States Geological Survey. 1947. Retrieved 2009-11-28.
  25. ↑ 1953 renumbering, New Jersey Department of Highways, retrieved 2009-07-31
  26. ↑ "New Road Signs Ready in New Jersey". The New York Times. 1952-12-16. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  27. ↑ Arterial Progress 1959-1965. Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority. 1965.
  28. ↑ "Routes 1&9-35 Interchange Improvements, Project Description, Construction Updates, Commuter Information". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
  29. ↑ "The Cloverleaf Interchange". WhereRoadsMeet. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
  30. ↑ MartÃn, Hugo (April 7, 2004). "A Major Lane Change". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
  31. ↑ Zeitlinger, Ron; Machcinski, Anthony J. (March 1, 2013). "6th and 10th Most Fatalities". The Jersey Journal. p. 5.

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