35th Infantry Division (United States)

35th Infantry Division

35th ID Shoulder Sleeve Insignia
Active 1917–1919
1935–1945
1946–1963
1984–present
Country  United States
Branch  United States Army
Type Infantry
Size Division
Part of Army National Guard
Headquarters Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
Nickname(s) "Sante Fe Division"
Campaigns

World War I

World War II

Website 35th Infantry Division
Commanders
Current
commander		 MG Victor Braden
Notable
commanders		 William Wright,
William Simpson,
Maxwell Murray,
Paul Baade,
Michael Navrkal

The 35th Infantry Division (Santa Fe Division) is an infantry unit in the Army National Guard, and is currently commanded by Major General Victor Braden.[1][2] The division was reactivated and, the Headquarters and Headquarters Company, federally recognized on 25 August 1984 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.[3]

Formation

The 35th Division was organized 25 August 1917 at Camp Doniphan, Oklahoma as a unit of the National Guard with troops from Missouri and Kansas.[4][5]

Shoulder sleeve insignia

The division's shoulder patch, a white Santa Fe cross on a blue disc with a green border, was originally approved for the 35th Division on 29 October 1918.

The Santa Fe cross was a symbol used to mark the Santa Fe Trail, an area where the unit trained, and was designated as an identifying device for the unit by Headquarters, 35th Division General Orders 25, dated March 27, 1918. The organization is referred to as the Santa Fe Division.[6]

History

World War I

Actions during World War I

On 11 May 1918, the 35th Division arrived at Le Havre, France and served first, a brigade at a time, in the Vosges between 30 June and 13 August. The whole division served in the Gerardmer sector, Alsace, 14 August to 1 September; Meuse-Argonne, 21 to 30 September; Sommedieu sector, 15 October, to 6 November. Men of the division were ninety-two days in quiet sectors and five in active; advanced twelve and one half kilometres against resistance, captured 781 prisoners, and lost 1,067 killed and 6,216 wounded.[7] The 35th Division had, as an officer, Captain Harry Truman, 33rd President of the United States, who commanded Battery D of the 129th Field Artillery Regiment.[8]

World War I order of battle

Units of the 35th Division included:

World War II

Actions during World War II

The 35th Infantry Division arrived in England on 25 May 1944 and received further training. It landed on Omaha Beach, Normandy July 5–7, 1944 and entered combat on 11 July, fighting in the Normandy hedgerows, north of St. Lo. The division beat off twelve German counterattacks at Emelie before entering St. Lo on 18 July. After mopping up in the St. Lo area, it took part in the offensive action southwest of St. Lo, pushing the Germans across the Vire on 2 August, and breaking out of the Cotentin Peninsula. While en route to an assembly area, the division was "flagged off the road," to secure the Mortain-Avranches corridor and to rescue the 30th Division's "Lost Battalion" August 7–13, 1944.[8]

Then racing across France through Orleans and Sens, the division attacked across the Moselle on 13 September, captured Nancy on 15 September, secured Chambrey on 1 October, and drove on to the German border, taking Sarreguemines and crossing the Saar on 8 December. After crossing the Blies River on 12 December, the division moved to Metz for rest and rehabilitation on 19 December. The 35th moved to Arlon, Belgium December 25–26, and took part in the fighting to relieve Bastogne, throwing off the attacks of four German divisions, taking Villers-laBonne-Eau on 10 January, after a 13-day fight and Lutrebois in a 5-day engagement. On 18 January 1945, the division returned to Metz to resume its interrupted rest.[8]

In late January, the division was defending the Foret de Domaniale area. Moving to the Netherlands to hold a defensive line along the Roer on 22 February, the division attacked across the Roer on 23 February, pierced the Siegfried Line, reached the Rhine at Wesel on 10 March, and crossed 25–26 March. It smashed across the Herne Canal and reached the Ruhr River early in April, when it was ordered to move to the Elbe April 12. Making the 295-mile dash in two days, the 35th mopped up in the vicinity of Colbitz and Angern, until 26 April 1945 when it moved to Hanover for occupational and mopping-up duty, continuing occupation beyond VE-day. The division left Southampton, England, on 5 September, and arrived in New York City on 10 September 1945.[8]

Casualties

World War II order of battle

Units of the 35th Infantry Division included:

Assignments in the ETO

Cold War to present

On Dec. 7, 1945, the division was inactivated. During the next year and into 1947, the division was reestablished as a Kansas and Missouri National Guard division. In 1954 the division consisted of the 137th, 138th (Missouri), and 140th Infantry Regiments (Missouri); 185th, 194th, 554th, and 556th Field Artillery Battalions; the 113th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion; the 195th Tank Battalion; and signals, engineer, reconnaissance, military police, other combat support units, plus combat service support units.[15] After the Pentomic reorganization, the division's five battle groups were the 1-137 Infantry; 2-137 Infantry; 1-138 Infantry; 2-138 Infantry; and 1-140 Infantry.[16] But the division was inactivated, along with three other National Guard divisions, in 1963.

In early 1983, the Army began the process organize the 35th as a mechanized infantry division from Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Colorado and Kentucky National Guard units. The division headquarters was established Sept. 30, 1983, at Fort Leavenworth.[17] The division was formally reactivated as the 35th Infantry Division (Mechanized) was reactivated on 25 August 1984 from the 67th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) of Nebraska, the 69th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) of Kansas, and the 149th Armored Brigade from Kentucky.[18] It continues in service today.

In 1984-85, the 69th Infantry Brigade was reported to comprise the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 137th Infantry Regiment, the 1st Battalion, 635th Armored Regiment, 1st Battalion, 127th Field Artillery Regiment, E Troop, 114th Cavalry, and the 169th Engineer Company.[19]

On 1 October 1987 the division's aviation units were reorganized, and the 135th Aviation was established. Two battalions of the regiment joined the division's aviation component.

Bosnia

The 35th Infantry Division Headquarters commanded Task Force Eagle's Multi-National Division North in Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of SFOR-13 (Stabilization Force 13) with the NATO peacekeeping mandate under the Dayton Peace Accords. The headquarters were located at Eagle Base in the town of Tuzla. Brigadier General James Mason was the commander. He later went on to command the division. The division headquarters received the Army Superior Unit Award for its service in Bosnia. Division liaison officers served in the towns of Mostar, Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Zenica and Doboj.

Hurricane Katrina

The division provided headquarters control for National Guard units deployed to Louisiana in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.[20] while the 38th Infantry Division did the same for Mississippi.

Kosovo

A detachment of the 35th Infantry Division was the headquarters element for Task Force Falcon of Multi-National Task Force East (MNTF-E) for the NATO Kosovo Force 9 (KFOR 9) mission. The 35th provided command and control from 7 November 2007 until 7 July 2008, when they were succeeded by the 110th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, Missouri Army National Guard.

Notable Members

Current structure

35th Infantry Division, 2016

35th Infantry Division exercises training and readiness oversight of the following elements, but they are not organic:[21]

The Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 287th Sustainment Brigade[2] was also assigned to the division up until 2014. It was deactivated in 2016.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "35th Infantry Division"
  2. 1 2 Tafanelli 2014, p. 48.
  3. ↑ Wilson 1999, p. 346.
  4. 1 2 Clark, pp. 9-22.
  5. ↑ Wilson 1999, pp. 345-346.
  6. ↑ Wilson 1999, p. 345.
  7. ↑ Wyllie, pp. 224-225.
  8. 1 2 3 4 The Army Almanac, pp. 536-538.
  9. ↑ Heavey, pp. 95 & 99.
  10. ↑ Wilson 1998, pp. 47-78.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953)
  12. ↑ Presenting the 35th Infantry Division in World War II, 1941-1945, pp. 222-23
  13. ↑ Stanton, pp. 117-118
  14. ↑ Wilson 1998, pp. 180-206.
  15. ↑ Tim Aumiller, Infantry Division Components, 76.
  16. ↑ Aumiller, 112.
  17. ↑ JonathanKoester (2015-06-09). "‘Screw-up’ NCO highlights history of Midwest’s storied 35th Infantry Division". NCO Journal. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
  18. ↑ David Isby and Charles Kamps Jr., Armies of NATO's Central Front, Jane's Publishing Company, 1985, p.383.
  19. ↑ Isby and Kamps, 1985, 383.
  20. ↑ Maj. Les A. Melnyk, News analysis: Guard transformation taking shape, Army News Service, 13 January 2006
  21. ↑ AUSA, Torchbearer Special Report, 7 November 2005; "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2011. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
  22. ↑ http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=6647&CategoryId=3741&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services

References

Bibliography

Further reading

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