Tylomelania
| Tylomelania | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Apertural view of a shell of Tylomelania neritiformis | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda clade Sorbeoconcha |
| Superfamily: | Cerithioidea |
| Family: | Pachychilidae |
| Genus: | Tylomelania Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897[1] |
| Diversity[2][3][4] | |
| 46 described species | |
Tylomelania is a genus of freshwater snails which have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pachychilidae. In the aquarium hobby, snails from this genus are commonly known as "rabbit snails" (not to be confused with sea hares).
A sister group (the closest relative) of Tylomelania is genus Pseudopotamis (2 species living on the Torres Strait Islands).[5] Tylomelania and Pseudopotamis split in the Middle Miocene c. 19.5 Mya.[5]
Distribution
These freshwater snails are endemic to Sulawesi in Indonesia,[2] with the vast majority restricted to Lake Poso and the Malili Lake system (consisting of Matano and Towuti, and the smaller Lontoa (Wawantoa), Mahalona, Masapi).[6]
They probably cannot live at an altitude above about 700 m.[5]
Species
There were known 34 described species in 2005.[2] Thomas von Rintelen with colleagues described 15 new species of Tylomelania in 2003-2008.
Tylomelania species diversification started in c. 5.4 Mya and was probably caused by the late Miocene and Pliocene orogeny.[5]
Species within the genus Tylomelania include:
- Tylomelania abendanoni (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania amphiderita von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania bakara von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003[2][7]
- Tylomelania baskasti von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008[4]
- Tylomelania carbo Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897[2]
- Tylomelania carota (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania celebicola (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania centaurus (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania confusa von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania connectens Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898[2]
- Tylomelania gemmifera (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania hannelorae von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008[4]
- Tylomelania helmuti von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003[2][7]
- Tylomelania inconspicua von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania insulaesacrae (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania kristinae von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania kruimeli von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003[2][7]
- Tylomelania kuli (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania lalemae (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania mahalonensis (Kruimel, 1913)[3] - synonym: Tylomelania mahalonica (Kruimel, 1913)[3]
- Tylomelania marwotoae von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania masapensis (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania matannensis von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania molesta (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania monacha (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1899)[2]
- Tylomelania neritiformis Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897 - type species[2]
- Tylomelania palicolarum (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania patriarchalis (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania perconica (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania perfecta (Mousson, 1849)[2]
- Tylomelania porcellanica Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897[2]
- Tylomelania robusta (Martens, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania sarasinorum (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania scalariopsis (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania sinabartfeldi von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008[4]
- Tylomelania solitaria
- Tylomelania tominangensis (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania tomoriensis (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania toradjarum (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania towutensis (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania towutica (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania turriformis von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania wallacei (Reeve, 1860)[2]
- Tylomelania wesseli von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania wolterecki von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania zeamais (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
Description
In species within this genus, the albumen gland is very large.[2] Pallial oviduct evolved into an uterine brood (that release shelled juvenile snails).[2]
Comparison of apertural views of shells of twenty Tylomelania species (images are not to scale):
Ecology
Species in the genus Tylomelania are ovoviviparous.[2] Newly hatched snails of some species of Tylomelania measure nearly 2 cm and are the largest newly hatched viviparous gastropods.[2]
References
- ↑ Sarasin P. & Sarasin F. (1897). "Über die Molluskenfauna der großen Süßwasser-Seen von Central-Celebes". Zoologischer Anzeiger 539/540: 308-320. page 317.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 von Rintelen T. & Glaubrecht M. (2005). "Anatomy of an adaptive radiation: a unique reproductive strategy in the endemic freshwater gastropod Tylomelania (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) on Sulawesi, Indonesia and its biogeographical implications." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 85: 513–542. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00515.x.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 von Rintelen, Bouchet P. & Glaubrecht M. (2007). "Ancient lakes as hotspots of diversity: a morphological review of an endemic species flock of Tylomelania (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) in the Malili lake system on Sulawesi, Indonesia". Hydrobiologia 592:11-94. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-0765-8.
- 1 2 3 4 von Rintelen T. & Glaubrecht M. (2008). "Three new species of the freshwater snail genus Tylomelania (Caenogastropoda: Pachychilidae) from the Malili lake system, Sulawesi, Indonesia". Zootaxa 1852: 37-49. PDF.
- 1 2 3 4 von Rintelen T., Stelbrink B. Marwoto R. M. & Glaubrecht M. (2014). "A Snail Perspective on the Biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia: Origin and Intra-Island Dispersal of the Viviparous Freshwater Gastropod Tylomelania". PLoS ONE 9(6): e98917. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098917.
- ↑ von Rintelen T., von Rintelen K. & Glaubrecht M. (2010). "The species flock of the viviparous freshwater gastropod Tylomelania (Mollusca: Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) in the ancient lakes of Sulawesi, Indonesia: the role of geography, trophic morphology and colour as driving forces in adaptive radiation." pp. 485-512 in: Glaubrecht, M. & Schneider H. eds. (2010). Evolution in Action: Adaptive Radiations and the Origins of Biodiversity. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 1 2 3 von Rintelen T. & Glaubrecht M. (2003). "New discoveries in old lakes: three new species of Tylomelania Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897 (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) from the Malili lake system on Sulawesi, Indonesia". Journal of Molluscan Studies 69(1): 3-17. doi:10.1093/mollus/69.1.3
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tylomelania. |
- von Rintelen T., Wilson A. B., Meyer A. & Glaubrecht M. (2004). "Escalation and trophic specialization drive adaptive radiation of freshwater gastropods in ancient lakes on Sulawesi, Indonesia". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 271: 2541-2549. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2842.