Turricula (gastropod)
| Turricula Temporal range: Cretaceous - Recent | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Fossil shells of Turricula dimidiata | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Clade: | Caenogastropoda |
| Clade: | Hypsogastropoda |
| Clade: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Clavatulidae |
| Genus: | Turricula Schumacher, 1817 |
| Type species | |
| Turricula flammea Schumacher, 1817 | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Turricula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.[1]
Taxonomy
Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It remained regarded as a subfamily of Turridae by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).[1] until a new publication in 2011 [2]
Fossil records
This genus is known in the fossil records from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary (age range: from 70.6 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found all over the world.[3]
Description
The turriculated shell is fusiform with a long spire. The anal sinus is situated in the infrasutural depression above the peripheral carina. The siphonal canal is long and slightly bent. The operculum has a medio-lateral nucleus. The eyes of the animal are situated at the base of the tentacles. Radula formula : 1-0-1.[4]
Distribution
The species of this marine genus occurs in the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and east Africa to Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia).
Species
Fossil of the extinct species Surcula faxensis at the Geological Museum in Copenhagen
Five views of the shell of Turricula dimidiata (Brocchi, 1814) from the Pliocene of Italy
Species within the genusTurricula include:[3][5]
- Turricula aethiopica (Thiele, 1925)
- Turricula amplisulcus (Barnard, 1958)
- Turricula ceylonica (Smith E. A., 1877)
- Turricula faurei (Barnard, 1958)
- Turricula gemmulaeformis (Thiele, 1925)
- Turricula granobalteus (Hedley, 1922)
- Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Turricula navarchus (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
- Turricula nelliae (Smith E. A., 1877)
- Turricula profundorum (Smith E. A., 1896)
- Turricula sulcicancellata (Barnard, 1958)
- Turricula sumatrana (Thiele, 1925)
- Turricula thurstoni (Smith E. A., 1896)
- Turricula tornata (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Turricula turriplana (Sowerby III, 1903)
- † Turricula dimidiata Brocchi 1814[6]
- † Turricula eolavinia Olsson 1930
- † Turricula excelsa Bohm 1926
- † Turricula hanguensis Cox 1930
- † Turricula haydeni Cox 1930
- † Turricula kayalensis Dey 1961
- † Turricula promensis silistrensis Vredenburg 1921
- † Turricula promensis Vredenburg 1921
- † Turricula sethuramae Vredenburg 1921
- † Turricula spuria Hedley 1922
- † Turricula taurina Olsson 1922
- † Turricula terryi Olsson 1922
- † Turricula thangaensis Vredenburg 1921
- † Turricula wanneri (Tesch, 1915)
- Species brought into synonymy
- Turricula bijubata (Reeve, 1843): synonym of Turridrupa bijubata (Reeve, 1843)
- Turricula brunonia Dall, 1924: synonym of Veprecula brunonia (Dall, 1924)
- Turricula cadaverosa (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Vexillum cadaverosum (Reeve, 1844)
- Turricula casta H. Adams, 1872: synonym of Vexillum castum (H. Adams, 1872)
- Turricula ensyuensis Shikama, 1977: synonym of Comitas ensyuensis (Shikama, 1977)
- Turricula flammea Schumacher, 1817 : synonym of Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Turricula granobalteatus [sic] : synonym of Turricula granobalteus (Hedley, 1922)
- Turricula hondoana Dall, 1925: synonym of Aforia circinata (Dall, 1873)
- Turricula kamakurana (Pilsbry, 1895): synonym of Comitas kamakurana (Pilsbry, 1895)
- Turricula kuroharai Oyama, 1962: synonym of Comitas kuroharai (Oyama, 1962)
- Turricula lavinia Dall, 1919: synonym of Ptychobela lavinia (Dall, 1919)
- Turricula lavinoides Olsson, 1922: synonym of Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922)
- Turricula libya Dall, 1919: synonym of Tiariturris libya (Dall, 1919)
- Turricula limonensis Olsson, 1922: synonym of Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922)
- Turricula murrawolga Garrard, 1961: synonym of Comitas murrawolga (Garrard, 1961)
- Turricula rectilateralis (G.B. Sowerby II, 1874): synonym of Vexillum suluense (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
- Turricula scalaria (Barnard, 1958): synonym of Makiyamaia scalaria (Barnard, 1958)
- Turricula tornatus [sic] : synonym of Turricula tornata (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Turricula tuberculata (Gray, 1839): synonym of Turricula nelliae spuria (Hedley, 1922)
- Further investigation needed
- Turricula catena (species inquirenda)
References
- 1 2 3 World Register of Marine Species: Clavatulidae. accessed 1 April 2010.
- ↑ P. Bouchet, Yu. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77 (3): 273–308. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr017.
- 1 2 Fossilworks
- ↑ George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol. VI, p. 158; 1884 (described as the genus Surcula)
- ↑ WoRMS : Turricula; accessed : 28 August 2011
- ↑ Fossile
- Nomenclaturor Zoologicus info
- Li, BQ. & Li, XZ. 2008. Report on the two subfamilies Clavatulinae and Cochlespirinae (Mollusca : Neogastropoda : Turridae) from the China seas. Zootaxa 1771: 31-42
- Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
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