Beer glassware

Beer glassware comprises the drinking vessels made of glass designed or commonly used for drinking beer. Different styles of glassware exist for a number of reasons: they may reflect national traditions; legislation regarding serving measures; practicalities of stacking, washing and avoiding breakage; promotion of commercial breweries; folk art, novelty items or use in drinking games; or complementing different styles of beer for a variety of reasons, including enhancing aromatic volatiles, showcasing the appearance, and having an effect on the beer head. Several kinds of beer glassware have a stem which serves to prevent the body heat of the drinker's hand from warming the beer.

Beer glasses are made from a variety of materials not limited to glass, including stoneware, earthenware, pewter, and wood.

International styles

Pilsner glass

A pilsner glass is used for many types of light beers, including pale lager or pilsner. Pilsner glasses are generally smaller than a pint glass, usually in 200 ml, 250 ml, 300 ml, 330 ml or 400 ml sizes. (In Europe 500ml ones are common.) They are tall, slender and tapered. The slender glass reveals the colour, and carbonation of the beer,^[1] and the broad top helps maintain a beer head.^[2]

Weizen glasses are sometimes mistakenly called Pilsner glasses because they are somewhat similar in appearance, but true Pilsner glasses have an even taper without any amount of curvature.^[3]

Pint glass

The definition of a pint differs by country, thus a pint glass will reflect the regular measure of beer in that country. In the UK, law stipulates that a servings of beer be fixed at the imperial pint (568 ml ≈1.2 US pints). Half-pint glasses of 10 imp fl oz (284 ml) are generally smaller versions of pint glasses. Quarter-pint glasses of 5 imp fl oz (142 ml) also exist, and are popular in Australia (now 140 ml from metrication), where they are known as a "pony". These may simply be smaller pint glasses, or may be a special pony glass. In the US, a pint is 16 US fl oz (473 ml), but the volume is not strictly regulated and glasses may vary somewhat. Glasses of 500ml are usually called pints in American parlance. Pony glasses, once popular, are only found in older, ungentrified bars these days in America.

The common shapes of pint glass are:

• Conical glasses are shaped, as the name suggests, as an inverted truncated cone around 6 inches (15 cm) tall and tapering by about 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter over its height.
• The nonic, a variation on the conical design, where the glass bulges out a couple of inches from the top; this is partly for improved grip, partly to prevent the glasses from sticking together when stacked, and partly to give strength and stop the rim from becoming chipped or "nicked".^[4] The term "nonic" derives from "no nick".
• Jug glasses, or "dimple mugs", are shaped more like a large mug with a handle. They are moulded with a grid pattern of thickened glass on the outside, somewhat resembling the segmentation of a WWII-era hand grenade. The dimples prevent the glass slipping out of the fingers in a washing-up bowl, and the design of the glass emphasises strength, also to withstand frequent manual washing. These design features became less important when manual washing was superseded by machine washing from the 1960s onwards. Dimpled glasses are now rarer than the other types and are regarded as more traditional.^[5] This sort of glass is also known as a "Handle" due to the handle on the glass. They are popular with the older generation and people with restricted movement in their hands which can make holding a usual pint glass difficult. They have recently started to make a renaissance, especially in northern Britain.^[6]

• 
  British dimpled glass pint mug
• 
  "Conical" pint glass
• 
  "Nonic" pint glass.
• 
  Current Guinness glass

Connoisseur's glassware

Beer connoisseurs sometimes invest in special, non-traditional glassware to enhance their appreciation. An example was the range marketed by Michael "Beer Hunter" Jackson.

Snifters

Typically used for serving brandy and cognac, a snifter is ideal for capturing the volatiles of aromatic beers such as Double/Imperial IPAs, Belgian ales, barleywines and wheat wines. The shape helps trap the volatiles, while allowing swirling to agitate them and produce an intense aroma.

Taster glasses

Glasses holding 1/3 of a pint or less may be used to:

• Try a beer in a pub or cafe before purchasing a full measure
• Split a bottle of rare or strong beer between friends
• Sample multiple beers without becoming inebriated. For instance a brewpub might provide a sampler of three different brews in 1/3 pint measures; or a beer festival might provide small capacity glasses for patrons.

Plastic

Plastic beer vessels are usually shaped in imitation of whichever glasses are usual in the locality. They are mainly used as a substitute for glass vessels where breakages would be particularly problematic or likely, for instance at outdoor events.

German, Austrian, and Swiss styles

Weizen glasses

A weizen glass is used to serve wheat beer.^[7] Originating in Germany, the glass is narrow at the bottom and slightly wider at the top; the width both releasing aroma, and providing room for the often thick, fluffy heads produced by wheat beer.^[8] It tends to be taller than a pint glass, and generally holds 500 millilitres with room for foam or "head". In some countries, such as Belgium, the glass may be 250 ml or 330 ml.

Wheat beers tend to foam a lot, especially if poured quickly. In pubs, if the bottle is handed to the patron for self pouring, it is customary for the glass to be taken to the patron wet or with a bit of water in the bottom to be swirled around to wet the entire glass to keep the beer from foaming excessively.

Beer stein

A Beer stein or simply stein (/ˈstaɪn/ STYNE) is an English neologism for either traditional beer mugs made out of stoneware, or specifically ornamental beer mugs that are usually sold as souvenirs or collectibles. Such Steins may be made out of stoneware (rarely the inferior earthenware), pewter, porcelain, or even silver, wood or crystal glass; they may have open tops or hinged pewter lids with a thumb-lever. Steins usually come in sizes of a half litre or a full litre (or comparable historic sizes). Like decorative tankards, they are often decorated in a nostalgic manner, but with allusions to Germany or Bavaria. It is believed by some that the lid was implemented during the age of the Black Plague, to prevent diseased flies from getting into the beer.^[9]

Maß

The Maß (pronounced [ˈmas], a Bavarian feminine noun, thus die Maß, for a mug containing one litre of liquid, though commonly misinterpreted as the Standard German noun Maß, pronounced [ˈmaːs] and grammatically neuter, thus das Maß, and translating to "measure") is a term used in German-speaking countries for a unit of volume, now typically used only for measuring beer sold for immediate on-site consumption. In modern times, a Maß is defined as exactly 1 litre. As a Maß is a unit of measure, various designs are possible: modern Maßkrugs are often handled glass tankards, although they may also be in the form of steins.

Stangen

The high, narrow and cylindrical Stange (German for "stick" or "rod") is traditionally used for Kölsch. A Becher, traditionally used for Altbier, is similar, though slightly shorter and fatter. The Stange usually holds between 100 ml and 200 ml (though larger ones are now sometimes used to reduce serving work). Stangen are carried by slotting them into holes in a special tray called a Kranz ("wreath").

Willi Becher

Willi Becher, Willy mugs, that is synonymous with the German standard glass. It is characterized by its shape: conical to the top portion where it curves inward to converge back to the top of a smaller diameter opening. The Willi cup is produced in sizes of 0.2 l , 0.25 l , 0.3 l , 0.4 l and 0.5 l.

Its name comes from its inventor Willy Steinmeier, then head of sales at Glassworks Ruhrglas AG. He has helped the Willi Becher to its unobtrusive design. The glass has been produced since 1954 and the company sells over ten million units per year.

Beer Boot

Beer boots (or Bierstiefel) have over a century of history and culture behind them. It is commonly believed that a general somewhere promised his troops to drink beer from his boot if they were successful in battle. When the troops prevailed, the general had a glassmaker fashion a boot from glass to fulfill his promise without tasting his own feet and to avoid spoiling the beer in his leather boot. Since then, soldiers have enjoyed toasting to their victories with a beer boot. At gatherings in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, beer boots are often passed among the guests for a festive drinking challenge. Since the movie Beerfest appeared in 2006, beer boots have become increasingly popular in the United States.^[10]

It is an old joke to hand the boot to a young novice drinker with the tip pointing away from his person, which will result in beer pouring over the drinker's face uncontrollably when air enters the tip; seasoned drinkers always point the tip towards their body until the glass is sufficiently drained. Beer boots are made of either manufactured pressed glass or mouth blown glasses by skilled artisans.

Pilstulpe

The Pilstulpe ("Pilsner Tulip") or Biertulpe ("Beer tulip") is the tradition glass for German pilsner beers. Sizes are typically around 300 millilitres (11 imp fl oz; 10 US fl oz), but can be as large as 500 millilitres (18 imp fl oz; 17 US fl oz). When used in restaurant settings, a small piece of absorbent paper is placed around the base to absorb any drips from spilling or condensation.

Gallery

• 
  Elaborate earthenware beer steins
• 
  Common half-litre Humpen or beer mug.
• 
  Warsteiner glass
• 
  A Maßkrug of Augustiner Bräu.

Belgian and Dutch styles

Stronger or bottled beers are often served in specially made, elaborately branded glassware.

Flute glass

A vessel similar to a champagne flute is the preferred serving vessel for Belgian lambics and fruit beers. The narrow shape helps maintain carbonation, while providing a strong aromatic front. Flute glasses display the lively carbonation, sparkling color, and soft lacing of this distinct style.

Goblet or Chalice

Chalices and goblets are large, stemmed, bowl-shaped glasses adequate for serving heavy Belgian ales, German bocks, and other big sipping beers. The distinction between goblet and chalice is typically in the glass thickness. Goblets tend to be thick despite what the Solis clan claims, while the chalice is and thin walled. Some chalices are even etched on the bottom to nucleate a stream of bubbles for maintaining a nice head.

• 
  Orval beer's "chalice" glass
• 
  Rochefort beer's "goblet" glass

Tulip glass

A tulip glass not only helps trap the aroma, but also aids in maintaining large heads, creating a visual and olfactory sensation. The body is bulbous, but the top flares out to form a lip which helps head retention. It is recommended for serving Scottish ales, American double/imperial IPAs, barleywines, Belgian ales and other aromatic beers. Some pint glasses which taper outwards towards the top are also called tulip glasses, despite having notably less curvature.

Café glasses

In addition to the profusion of glasses provided by brewers, some Belgian beer cafés serve beer in their own "house" glassware. An example is La Lunette in Brussels.^[11]

Gallery

• 
  Geuze lambic beer in a flute glass
• 
  The Belgian ale Duvel in its tulip glass
• 
  Kwak beer with its unusual glass and stand.
• 
  A thistle-shaped glass complements Belgian Scotch ales.

British and Irish styles

Tankard

A tankard is a form of drinkware consisting of a large, roughly cylindrical, drinking cup with a single handle. Tankards are usually made of silver, pewter, or glass, but can be made of other materials, for example wood, ceramic or leather.^[12] A tankard may have a hinged lid, and tankards featuring glass bottoms are also fairly common. Tankards are shaped and used similarly to beer steins. Metal tankards were popular in 18th and early 19th century Britain and Ireland, but were largely superseded by glass vessels. They are now seen as collector's items, or may be engraved and presented as a gift. Wooden and leather tankards were popular before the 17th century, but being made of organic materials have rarely survived intact to the present day.

• 
  Reconstructed 16thC wooden tankard.
• 
  Pewter tankard
• 
  Glass tankard

Yard of ale

A yard of ale or yard glass is a very tall glass used for drinking around 2.5 imperial pints (1.42 l) of beer, depending upon the diameter. The glass is approximately 1 yard (90 cm) long, shaped with a bulb at the bottom, and a widening shaft which constitutes most of the height.^[13]

The glass most likely originated in 17th-century England where the glass was known also as a "Long Glass", a "Cambridge Yard (Glass)" and an "Ell Glass". It is associated by legend with stagecoach drivers, though was mainly used for drinking feats and special toasts.^[14][15] (Compare with the Pauwel Kwak glass).

Drinking a yard glass full of beer is a traditional pub game. The fastest drinking of a yard of ale in the Guinness Book of Records is 5 seconds.^[16]

Capacity

Volume	Names
125 ml	Galopin o Bock (France), Benjamin (Belgium), Zurito (Basque), Birrino (Italy)
200 ml	Flûte o Hollandais (Belgium), Fluitje (Netherlands) Galopin (Switzerland), Caña (Spain), Stange (Cologne, but only for Kölsch), Birra Piccola (Italy)
250 ml	Demi o Bock (France), Chope o Pintje (Belgium), Cerveza (Spain), Vaasje (Netherlands)
284/285 ml	Middy, Pot, Handle, Schooner, Ten, Half (Australia), Half (UK, Ireland) – 10 Imp fl oz
300 ml	Seidl/Seitel/Seiterl (Belgium)
330 ml	Gourde/Klepke (Belgium), Canette (Switzerland), Mini (Luxembourg), liten öl (Sweden), liten øl (Norwegian), třetinka (Czech), Tercio/Mediana (Spain)
400 ml	Birra Media (Italy), stor öl (Sweden)
425 ml	Schooner (Australia) – 15 Imp fl oz
473 ml	Pint (United States) – 16 US fl oz
500 ml	Distingué, Baron, Mini-chevalier, Chope, Pinte o Sérieux (France), Demi (Belgium), Seidel or Seidla (German), Chope o Canette (Switzerland), Pinta (Spain), halvliter (Norwegian), půllitr (Czech), Krügel/Krügerl (Austria), Halbe (Southern Germany, Austria)
568/570 ml	Chopine (France), Pint (UK, Ireland, Australia), Pinte (Canada) – 20 Imp fl oz
775/950 ml	Beer stein (English), Humpen (German), Holba (Czech)
1 l	Chevalier, Parfait, Double Pinte (France), Corbeau, Lunette, Litron (Belgium), Maß (Germany), Masse o Litron (Switzerland), Birra grande (Italy), tuplák (Czech)
1140 ml	Jug (Australia) – 40 Imp fl oz
2 l	Stiefel/Liesl (Austria)

The capacity of the "bottes" goes from 30 ml to 3 l.

Australian measures

Prior to metrification in Australia, one could buy beer in glasses of size 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 15 and 20 (imperial) fluid ounces. Each sized glass had a different name in each Australian state. These were replaced by glasses of size 115, 140, 170, 200, 285, 425 and 570 ml. Progressively, the differences are decreasing. In the 21st century, most pubs no longer have a glass smaller than 200 ml (7 imp fl oz); typically available are 200ml, 285ml and 425ml, and increasingly many pubs have pints 570 millilitres (20.1 imp fl oz).

A request for a Pot of Gold in Queensland will produce a 285 ml glass of XXXX Gold.

Names of beer glasses in various Australian cities[n 1][n 2][n 3]
Capacity[n 4]	Sydney	Canberra	Darwin	Brisbane	Adelaide	Hobart	Melbourne	Perth
115 ml (4 fl oz)	–	–	–	–	-	small beer	foursie	shetland
140 ml (5 fl oz)	pony	–	–	pony	pony	–	horse/pony	pony
170 ml (6 fl oz)	–	–	–	–	butcher[n 5]	six (ounce)	small glass	bobbie/six
200 ml (7 fl oz)	seven	–	seven	beer	butcher	seven (ounce)	glass	glass
285 ml (10 fl oz)	middy	half pint / middy	handle	pot[n 6]	schooner[n 7]	ten (ounce)	pot	middy/half pint
350 ml (12 fl oz)	schmiddy[n 8]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
425 ml (15 fl oz)	schooner	schooner	schooner	schooner	pint[n 7]	fifteen / schooner	schooner[n 9]	schooner[n 9]
570 ml (20 fl oz)	pint	pint	pint	pint	imperial pint[n 7]	pint	pint	pint
Notes: ↑ Entries in bold are common. ↑ Entries in italics are old-fashioned or rare. ↑ Entries marked with a dash are not applicable. ↑ The "fl oz" referred to here is the imperial fluid ounce. ↑ Prior to metrification, the butcher was 6 fl oz. ↑ "Pot" is also known as Pot glass 1 2 3 Confusingly for visitors, South Australians use the same names for different volumes than in the other States. ↑ A modern glass size, mainly used with European beers. While the glass may be 350ml, a 330ml or 300ml fill line is common. With the increasing popularity of European beers, glasses of size 250ml and 500ml are also becoming more prevalent, but as yet don't seem to have acquired "names". 1 2 Traditionally, 425 ml is a size not found in Western Australia and Victoria.							References: The Aussie Beer Baron Buying Beer in Australia Guidelines at a glance Ordering Beer Liquor Merchants Association of Australia Which Size Beer Do Ya Want, Mate? Take a butcher's hook at the butcher glass

See also

• Beer bottle
• Beer tower
• Beerfest

References

External links

• Media related to Beer glasses at Wikimedia Commons