Touggourt

Touggourt تقرت
City
Monument de Citroen, Touggourt
Location of Touggourt commune within Ouargla Province
Touggourt Location of Touggourt within Algeria
Coordinates: 33°06′N 6°04′E / 33.100°N 6.067°E / 33.100; 6.067Coordinates: 33°06′N 6°04′E / 33.100°N 6.067°E / 33.100; 6.067
Country	Algeria
Province	Ouargla
District	Touggourt
Area
• Total	216 km2 (83 sq mi)
Elevation	62 m (203 ft)
Population (2008)[1]
• Total	143,270
• Density	660/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+01)
Postal code	30002

Touggourt (Arabic: ﺗﻗﺮت or تڤرت‎‎; Berber: , lit. the gateway or the gate) is a city and commune, former sultanate and capital of Touggourt District, in Ouargla Province, Algeria, built next to an oasis in the Sahara. As of the 2008 census, the commune had a population of 39,409 people,^[1] up from 32,940 in 1998,^[2] and an annual growth rate of 1.8%.^[1] However, Touggourt's urban area includes the communes of Nezla, Tebesbest and Zaouia El Abidia, for a total population of 146,108.^[1]

Touggourt is notable for its date trees. It was formerly surrounded by a moat, which the French filled up. Bradt Travel Guides describe it as "largely a modern town of block architecture and as such is largely unattractive. The centre is quiet most of the day due to the heat but is more active at night when people take to the streets."^[3]

History

In 1414 the Sultanate of Tuggert was founded in southern Algeria. The known Sultans (and one Sultana) were:

In 1854 the sultanate was abolished by the French colonial authorities in Algeria. Touggourt, as it is now spelled, becomes one of the initially six (1902), then four (1905) autonomous administrative districts constituting the Territoires du Sud (Southern Territories), which in 1957 are first joint, then reorganized into two regular French départements; Tuggert becomes part of Oasis (prefecture seat Quargla).

Geography

Touggourt lies on the western side of an extensive system of oases which supports palm plantations and other agriculture in an area 50 kilometres (31 mi) from north to south. Other towns around the oases are Sidi Slimane and Megarine to north, and Tamacine and Balidat Ameur to the south. The system is also associated with more oases further north in El Oued Province including the towns of Djamaa and El M'Ghair. Beyond the oases, the land is arid and barren, with extensive sand dunes both to the west and east of the city.

Climate

Touggourt has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters. Averages high temperatures are consistently over 40 °C (104 °F) during 4 months (June, July, August and September) to reach a maximum of nearly 45 °C (113 °F) in July. Averages low temperatures in summer are also very high, and are above 26 °C (82.4 °F) and routinely above 29 °C (86 °F) during the hottest month. Average annual rainfall is around 55 mm (2,16 in) and summers are especially dry.

Transportation

Touggourt lies at the junction of the N3 and N16 roads, 161 kilometres (100 mi) northeast of the provincial capital of Ouargla.^[6] It is connected by railway to Biskra and is served by the Sidi Madhi Airport.^[7]

The N3 highway connects to Megarine, Sidi Slimane, and Biskra to the north and Hassi Messaoud and Illizi to the south. The N16 connects to Taibet and El Oued to the east. Another road, the Route Messaad Tougourt, connects to Messaâd and Djelfa to the northwest. Local roads connect to nearby towns Megarine and Tamacine.

Localities

Touggourt in January 1913

Touggourt in January 1913

The commune is composed of nine localities:^[8]

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "^{article name needed}". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

Sources and External links

• WorldStatesmen - Algeria - Tuggert