Troezen
| Troezen Τροιζήνα | |
|---|---|
|
Ortholithi Mountain | |
  Troezen | |
|
Location within the regional unit  | |
| Coordinates: 37°29′N 23°21′E / 37.483°N 23.350°ECoordinates: 37°29′N 23°21′E / 37.483°N 23.350°E | |
| Country | Greece |
| Administrative region | Attica |
| Regional unit | Islands |
| Municipality | Troizinia-Methana |
| Districts | 8 |
| • Municipal unit | 190.697 km2 (73.629 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 23 m (75 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Rural | 673 |
| • Municipal unit | 5,486 |
| • Municipal unit density | 29/km2 (75/sq mi) |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) |
| Postal code | 180 20 |
| Area code(s) | 22980 |
| Website | www.dimos-trizinas.gr |
Troezen (/ˈtriːzən/, homophone of treason; Greek: Τροιζήν, modern: Τροιζήνα Troizina) is a small town and a former municipality in the northeastern Peloponnese, Greece on the Argolid Peninsula. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Troizinia-Methana, of which it is a municipal unit. It is part of the Islands regional unit.[2]
Troezen is located southwest of Athens, across the Saronic Gulf, and a few miles south of Methana. The seat of the former municipality (pop. 6,507) was in Galatas. Before 2011, Troizina was part of the former Piraeus Prefecture (in antiquity it was part of Argolis). The municipality had a land area of 190.697 km².[3] Its largest towns and villages are Galatás (pop. 2,195 in 2011), Kalloní (pop. 669), Troizína (pop. 673), Taktikoúpoli (250), Karatzás (287), Dryópi (239), Ágios Geórgios (228), and Agía Eléni (159). There are numerous smaller settlements.
Mythology
According to Greek mythology, Troezen came into being as a result of two ancient cities, Hyperea and Anthea, being unified by Pittheus, who named the new city in honor of his deceased brother, Troezen.[4]
Troezen was where Aethra, daughter of Pittheus, slept with both Aegeus and Poseidon on the same night and fell pregnant with the great Greek hero Theseus. Before returning to Athens, Aegeus left his sandals and sword under a large boulder in Troezen and requested that when the child was able to prove himself by moving the boulder, he must return the items to his father in Athens; Theseus lifted the boulder when he came of age.[5]
Troezen is also the setting of Euripides' tragedy Hippolytus, which recounts the story of the eponymous son of Theseus who becomes the subject of the love of his stepmother, Phaedra. While fleeing the city, Hippolytus is killed when his chariot is attacked by a bull rising from the sea. Other plays on the same subject have been written by Seneca and Jean Racine, which are also set in Troezen.
The ancient city also possessed a spring that was supposedly formed where the winged horse Pegasus once came to ground.
History
A cult built up in the ancient city around the legend of Hippolytus. Troezen girls traditionally dedicated a lock of their hair to him before their marriage.
Sybaris in Magna Graecia was a Troezenian colony (founded 720 BC).[6]
Before the Battle of Salamis (480 BC), Athenian women and children were sent to Troezen for safety on the instructions of the Athenian statesman Themistocles. In 1959, a stele was found in a coffee house in Troezen, depicting the Decree of Themistocles, the order to evacuate Athens. The stele has since been dated to some 200 years after the Battle of Salamis, indicating that it is probably a commemorative copy of the original order.
The temple of Isis was built by the Halicarnassians in Troezen because it was their mother-l city, but the image of Isis was dedicated by the people of Troezen.
In the Middle Ages, it was known as Damala (Δαμαλᾶ) and was the seat of a barony of the Principality of Achaea.
References
- ↑ "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
- ↑ Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior (in Greek)
- ↑ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece.
- ↑ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2. 30. 9
- ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 15. 7
- ↑ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/577434/Sybaris